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企業關廠歇業勞資爭議中勞工行政主管機關角色功能之研究王文益, Wang, Wen-Yih Unknown Date (has links)
關廠歇業是一種生產關係斷裂行為,伴隨而來是大量解僱與失業,衝擊著勞動者的權益,諸如退休金、資遣費、積欠工資、職工福利金分配等問題。本研究旨在探討關廠歇業勞資爭議中,勞工行政主管機關究竟應扮演何種角色?是旁觀者角色、補償性角色、遊戲者角色抑或積極介入角色,在本論文中選擇較具代表性關廠歇業之公司,以個案分析,探索其功能與角色。同時,探討關廠歇業中勞工行政主管機關所採行的輔助措施並就其成效作一評析。最後提出具體結論與建議。
本研究主要採取文獻分析法與個案分析法,重要結論與建議摘陳如次:
壹、結論:
一、本研究所選擇三家關廠歇業事業單位案例中﹙耀元公司、東日公司、擎揚公司﹚,勞工行政主管機關所採行的預警通報措施,爭議調解、職業訓練、失業補助、勞保續保等措施,均依規定一一付諸實施並予貫徹。惟在爭議調解程序與效力上有待加強。在職業訓練方面由於被資遣勞工概屬中高齡階層參加轉業訓練,意願缺缺成效不彰,有待評估。
二、關廠歇業係屬大量解僱行為,伴隨而來的是勞工失業問題,在現行勞工行政主管機關採取輔助措施中,雖有「勞工保險失業給付辦法」、「就業輔助金實施作業要點」、「就業促進津貼實施要點」,以資因應,但終究非長遠之計,勞工行政主管機關應檢討如何建構健全「就業安全制度」方屬上策。
貳、建議:
一、為落實預警通報制度,勞工行政主管機關應積極輔導建立企業內預警通報機制,藉以迅速掌握時效。
二、全面檢討現行勞資爭議處理法調解程序,並依仲裁法規定成立勞資爭議仲裁協會,俾以迅速有效妥處重大爭議事件。
三、勞工行政主管機關宜輔導企業辦理在職訓練,遇有關廠歇業資遣員工時,可採取企業內就業安置措施。
四、因關廠歇業本於勞動契約所積欠之未滿六個月之工資有「最」優先受清償之權。既稱「最」優先受清償,自應優先於一切債權,包括土地增值稅及有擔保的債權而受清償。勞工行政主管機關允宜儘速修法,藉以落實勞動法制保障勞工權益之意旨。
五、可仿照英國透過社會保險制度,提撥資遣基金,支付被資遣員工,以免雇主負擔過重,亦可補救當前資遣制度之缺失。
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大量解僱勞工保護法之研究陳威志, Chen, Wei-Chih Unknown Date (has links)
由於社會經濟以及國際情勢的變遷,甚至無預警的採取關廠或歇業之情況屢見不鮮,導致勞工之生存權、工作權遭受到嚴重危害;同時現行的勞動法制保護不足,遂有「大量解僱勞工保護法」之制定。
本篇論文係以「大量解僱勞工保護法」為研究之對象。其論述之焦點集中於大量解僱勞工保護法之法律爭議問題,乃針對現行大量解僱勞工保護法法本身之規範內容,係以大量解僱之定義、解僱計畫書及通知義務、協商之時程及方式、提供就業輔導與再僱用優先權利、預警通報義務、以及限制出境之處分為研究之重點。除此之外,本文更藉由他山之石可以攻錯為之論述,比較研究我國與美國、德國、以及日本有關大量解僱保護法制,以供我國參考借鏡。
最後,法律的建構與運用,總是要求能夠越精確、越具體,而盡量避免空洞、歧異與含混為目標,否則喪失穩定性,各種因理解差異的衝突自然增加。本研究發現:其一,我國大量解僱勞工保護法之內容,其定義規範、法條的嚴謹性實在過於簡陋,協商程序過於簡單,且權利義務不明,致使大量解僱勞工保護法之執行與現況產生落差,導致象徵性意味大於實質效用。其二,本研究發現大量解僱事件中之勞工確實相較於一般解僱事件之勞工,受到更多程序及實體性規範之保障。本文認為實應一體地規範於一般性之個別解僱範圍中,以玆給予更周延之勞工保護。 / Because of the transformation of social economy status and international situation, and unnoticed closed-down and shutdown of businesses come up in everyday life, labors’ rights to live and work are endangered harshly. In addition, relevant provisions in labor laws are insufficient to protect such workers. For this reason, the ‘Protective Act for Mass Redundancy of Employees’ was promulgated.
This dissertation focuses mainly on the debates of the ‘Protective Act for Mass Redundancy of Employees’. Among the controversies, we especially concentrate on the definition of ‘Mass Redundancy’, layoff project report and notice obligation, processes and means of negotiation between labor and capital, provisions of employment service and preferential right of re-employment, consulting systems, and disciplinary restrictions of exit permission. Besides, we attempt to acquire some useful experiences from comparative studies in related institutions in US, Germany, Japan and Taiwan.
Eventually, it deserves to be mentioned, the conflicts of misunderstanding and instability may result from the inaccuracy and incoherence of the regulations, and the emptiness and divergence of its goals. Accordingly, we found that, for one thing, its regulations, definitions and precision are far too crude. Furthermore, the consulting procedures are simple and obligations are equivocal, and may lead to a gap between imagination and reality. In this way, the Act will be nothing but a slogan. For another thing, indeed, we found the labors that suffer from mass redundancy receive much more attention than those who are laid off in normal cases. We should point out, however, all should the government do is to focus on not only those who suffer from mass redundancy, but also reach workers in normal cases. Only in this way, labors would be well protected and regulations could be completed.
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