防空可約略分積極與消極的防空，積極的防空指的是以軍事武力達到防空目的，也就是軍防空；而消極的防空是以民眾動員為主，因而稱為民防空，本篇論文探討的，即是與多數民眾切身相關的民防空。日本於第一次世界大戰之後，派遣人員前往歐洲學習新穎的航空與防空技術，而關東大地震的發生，不僅帶來的龐大人員財產損失，災後的情景也雷同歐洲城市遭受空襲後的樣貌，尤其日本屋舍多是以木材做為建築本體，火勢的延燒速度更是驚人，也促使日本政府加快防火與防空的腳步。 自九一八事件之後，日本帝國進入了所謂的十五年戰爭時期，防空相關法規的制定以及舉行各種防空相關演習是戰時體制下的特色，當時身為日本領土的臺灣，也承襲著日本防空的腳步，以應付日益繁重的防空事項。在戰爭末期面對盟軍的全面轟炸，不論是軍防空或者是民防空都無法應付持續不斷且龐大架次的空襲，疏散民眾已經成為臺灣總督府最後也是唯一的作法。當時總督府對於防空的宣導有相當多的途徑，除了各式的防空宣導途徑之外，防空團體的成立可看出執政當局試圖把全臺灣民眾納入防空體制所做的努力，而家庭防空群以婦女為主要成員的現象，也代表了日治末期人力資源不足的困境。 自1943年底開始，隨著日本軍隊的節節敗退以及喪失太平洋諸島嶼的控制權，臺灣遭受盟軍轟炸的頻率也越來越多，空襲已經成為臺灣民眾日常生活當中不得不面對的一部分。臺灣人民從一開始的恐慌到後期則是聽天由命，甚至是苦中作樂，皆充實反映了臺灣民眾遭到空襲的心路歷程，而無眼的炸彈以及戰爭的無情，卻淡化了臺灣人與日本人之間的隔閡，人性最初單純的關懷與援助也在猛烈的轟炸中顯露無遺。

設立防空識別區的根本目的是為了維護國家空防安全，基本理念是｢禦敵於國門之外｣，是國家行使自保權的需要，是一個主權國家的重要防禦手段。空軍軍事法院院長刑洪波曾說：作為一個預警概念，防空識別區制度具有國家性、單方性、穩定性、防禦性、強制性五個方面的特性。防空識別區的劃設與國家安全的關係是緊密不分的，雖然防空識別區是由自身國家所劃設，在國際上是不具有國際法效力，但是此區可以說是一個國家空防能夠及早預警的延伸範圍，所以它的劃設是具有其必要性的。而如何劃設本身國家的防空識別區便與國際政治上國家與國家之間的影響力有密切關係。 近年來中共經濟發展迅速，在國際事務上已成關鍵，有發展成強權國家之勢，在2012年發生了日本收購釣魚島事件，對於東海戰略平衡上，破壞了中、日、台在東海上的平衡，也影響了中共防空識別區的劃定及周邊航道安全的維護。而2013年中共設立東海防空識別區，對於國際造成嚴重影響，尤其是東海地區局勢更加動盪。中共在2015年1月15日發布飛航公告，擬在台灣海峽劃設一條南北向新航路，與東西向三條新航路，此舉動造成台灣海峽及附近區域安全上的強烈衝擊。而美國為了圍堵、威攝和遏制中國大陸的崛起，近年來不斷的和日、韓等國家在黃海、東海、南海地區頻繁進行大規模軍演，並決定｢亞太再平衡政策｣，推動戰略東移目標，要在2020年內將60%的軍事力量轉移至亞太地區，擴大其在該地區的軍事基地建設，進駐先進武器在關島及其他基地。而對中華民國而言，中共劃設東海防空識別區對東海地區安全的衝擊，是非常重要的，中華民國應強化在東海的話語權，並從多邊面向思考對外發展戰略思維的調整。 / Established air defense identification zone's fundamental purpose is to safeguard national aviation security, the basic idea is the "enemy out," is the need to exercise the right of national self-protection is an important means of defense of a sovereign state. President of the Air Force Military Court Criminal Hongbo said: As an early warning concept, air defense identification zone system has national characteristics unilateral, stability, defense, mandatory five aspects. Designation of the relationship between national security and air defense identification zone are closely regardless, although the air defense identification zone is the designation of the country itself, it is in the international community does not have the force of international law, but this area can be said to be a country capable of air defense extending the scope of immediate early warning, so it is a designation of its necessity. And how the designation of their national air defense identification zone will be closely related to the international political influence on the state and between countries. In recent years, the CCP's rapid economic development, has become critical in international affairs, has developed into a potential power countries, Japan, the acquisition of the Diaoyu Island incident occurred in 2012, the strategic balance on the East China Sea, destroyed, Japan and Taiwan in the East China Sea balance, also affected the delineation and the surrounding seaways CCP air defense identification zone maintenance. And in 2013 the CPC established the East China Sea air defense identification zone for international severely affected, especially the situation in the East China Sea region more volatile. CCP released January 15, 2015 flight announcement, to be in the Taiwan Strait designation of a new north-south route, with three new east-west route, this move will have a strong impact on the vicinity of the Taiwan Strait and regional security. And the United States to containment, deterrence and curb the rise of mainland China, in recent years, and Japan, Korea and other countries frequently conduct large-scale military exercises in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, and decided to "rebalance Asia policy" to promote the strategic eastward target to 60% in 2020 year will be transferred to the Asia-Pacific region's military to expand its construction of military bases in the region, advanced weapons stationed in Guam and other bases. The Republic of China, the CPC designation of the impact of the East China Sea air defense identification zone of the East China Sea regional security, it is very important to the Republic of China should strengthen the right to speak in the East China Sea, and think to adjust its foreign strategic thinking from multilateral development-oriented.