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中途輟學與青少年犯罪-以新竹少年監獄為例 / Drop Out School and Juvenile Delinquency - An Example of Hsin-Chut School商嘉昌, Shang, Chia Chang Unknown Date (has links)
根據研究資料分析後,本研究所獲致的結論如下所述:一、造成犯罪青少年中途輟學原因方面:在家庭問題上,有中途輟學經驗犯罪青少年比沒有中途輟學經驗的犯罪青少年較不喜歡待在家中,也覺得父母親對他們不了解,所以遇到問題不會與父母親討論;在學校問題方面,犯罪青少年多數認為老師對他們的印象不好,這些青少年對老師的印象也不好,他們與同班同學相處不佳,也不喜歡學校;而在個人問題上,這些有輟學經驗的犯罪青少年結交較多前科記錄的朋友,並且對自己較為缺乏信心,並且角色能力較差;最後在行為模式方面,有輟學經驗的犯罪青少年大都喜歡曠課、蹺課到校外遊蕩,而且多數在學校的操行分數不及格,並被學校以記過處分。為何有這種情形發生呢?歸咎其原因總共有三點:第一,主要是由於學業成績不佳。第二,同儕團體也會在這方面有所影響。第三,自我實現預言的作用。二、中途輟學與青少年犯罪的關係:中途輟學的發生究竟會不會影響日後參予犯罪行為呢?在探討本研究最為重要的研究目的時,問卷的結果顯示,在犯罪青少年的樣本中,65%的人有過輟學經驗,在經由個案訪談後發現,有過中途輟學經驗的受訪個案中,90%的人對是否中途輟學會影響犯罪表示贊同,所以可以了解到,中途輟學確實與犯罪行為的參予有關係存在。那麼,為何中途輟學具有影響力呢?經由個案訪談後歸納出三個主要原因:(一)、受到不良同儕團體的影響;(二)、未就業的影響;(三)缺乏自我控制的能力。所以可知,本研究結果顯示,中途輟學與青少年參予犯罪行為間確實有關係存在,所以也可說明,社會控制論的觀點是正確的,也就是學校為重要的社會控制機構,如果脫離與此控制機構的連帶,青少年很容易便會產生偏差或是犯罪的行為。所以為了要預防青少年犯罪,如果能減少青少年中途輟學的發生,相信青少年犯罪機率定會減少許多。
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婦女勞動參與與青少年犯罪- 臺灣實證研究 / Female labor force participation and juvenile delinquency: the case of Taiwan.施佩姍, Shih, Pei Shan Unknown Date (has links)
本文以 1998 - 2010 年臺灣五都改制前 25 縣市的追蹤資料 (panel data) ,探討婦女勞動參與與青少年犯罪的關係。估計方法方面則使用 OLS 與固定效果模型。
實證結果顯示,於控制時間趨勢後,婦女勞動參與率對少年竊盜犯罪人口率有顯著正向影響,符合我們的預期,雖然在大多數的模型中影響幾乎都不顯著,但婦女勞動參與的確對部分的青少年犯罪產生影響。因此,政府應該多提供職業婦女一些社會性的扶助,令婦女在參與勞動時能兼顧家庭照顧與監督的功能。此外,教育程度對犯罪人口率的影響,在有或沒有控制時間趨勢的結果一致。在大多數的模型中,相對於國中及以下的教育程度而言,高中職教育程度和大專及以上教育程度越高,犯罪人口率則越低。因此,若欲改善青少年犯罪的問題,應可從提高國民平均教育程度著手。
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優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體對感化教育少年增強權能的成效 / The effects of strength-based project adventure education group on empowerment for juvenile inmates蔡杰伶 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」的成效,並根據研究結果提出「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」作為犯罪問題行為少年處遇策略之適用性。
本研究採「不等質控制組」準實驗設計,以「誠正中學」中受感化教育的少年為對象。其中,實驗組成員23名,實驗期間接受九次的「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」;四組對照組成員共81名,接受一般輔導課程。
本研究使用量化工具-「增強權能量表」,分別進行前測、後測與追蹤測,並以「無母數檢定(Mann-Whitney U統計量檢定、Wilcoxon符號等級檢定)」作為統計方法,檢驗分析實驗處遇的立即效果與延續效果。本研究同時使用質化工具-「反思札記」,藉由個別成員活動反思紀錄的整理與分析結果,提出成員在團體中的「學習收穫」與「增強權能」的展現,以作為實驗效果之補充。
本研究的主要發現如下:
一、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」有正向顯著影響,且效果能延續加乘。
二、一般矯正教育措施對「增強權能」也可以帶來正向影響,但效果卻未能持續。
三、成員的「增強權能」會隨著「團體歷程」呈現「階段性」發展。
四、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」適用於受感化教育少年,也可為少年犯罪問題行為矯治之有效策略。
根據研究發現,提出下列幾點建議:
一、對於青少年犯罪矯治實務
(一)建議可將「優勢觀點為基礎的探索教育團體」安排於新生入校階段實施。
(二)建議可將「增強權能」程度作為矯正學校成效評估指標之一。
(三)建議矯正學校內可以增設「低空繩索設施」。
(四)建議校內舉辦探索教育訓練,讓工作人員都具備探索活動帶領能力。
二、對於未來從事相關研究者
(一)先深入瞭解「矯正學校機關特性」以利預先克服執行面之可能干擾
(二)須格外注意保密相關的「研究倫理」
(三)團體人數掌握在8-12人,或是安排協同領導者
參、對於未來計畫運用「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」的實務工作者
(一)領導者在團體過程中與成員互動要積極落實「優勢觀點」實務要素。
(二)在方案執行中持續進行「過程評估」。
(三)在團體方案結束後「持續輔導」。 / This research is to investigate “The Effects of Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on “Empowerment” for juvenile inmates and according to the research results to bring up the application of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on treatment strategy of juvenile delinquents.
The nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. And the subjects of this research were Juvenile Inmates in Chengjheng High School. There were 23 members in experiment group and during experiment period, they accepted 9 times of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group”; at the same time, there were 4 control groups (total 81 members) who accepted usual student counseling courses to compare.
The study employed “Empowerment Scale” to conduct pretest, posttest, and long-term measures. Then the data were analyzed by nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test) as statistics method to examine and analyze instant and long-term effects on experiment treatment. And the researcher also used qualitative tool “introspection notes” to collect and analyze the consequences from self-observation records on individual member’s activities and addressed the performances of members on “Learning Gains” and “Empowerment” in groups as supplementary of experiment effects.
And the main findings of this research are as below:
1. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” has positive and obvious influences on “Empowerment” of juvenile delinquents and the effects can be synergistic continuously.
2. Usual student counseling courses can create positive influences on “Empowerment” as well but the effects cannot be continuous.
3. The “Empowerment” of members can develop “Stage by Stage” along with “the Progress of Groups”.
4. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” is suitable for juvenile delinquents and efficient strategy to correct their criminal problems and activities.
Based on the findings of this research, the researcher has suggestions below.
1. For the practices on correction of juvenile delinquents:
a. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” can be implemented when new students just enter schools.
b. The degree of “Empowerment” can be as one of criteria on outcomes evaluation of correction schools.
c. Correction schools can add “the Facilities of Low Ropes Course”.
d. Correction schools can hold Project Adventure education training to let all workers have leading abilities of adventure activities.
2. For future researchers who focus on related topics:
a. Understand “Characteristics of Correction Schools and Institutions” deeply first in order to avoid any possible interference on the aspect of application in advance.
b. Should pay particular attention to privacy-related "Research Ethics".
c. Group members should be controlled 8-12 people or arrange collaborative leaders.
3. For practitioners who plan to adopt “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” in the future:
1. Leaders must implement practical essentials of “Strengths Perspective” in the progress of groups and between the interactions with members.
2. Keep proceeding with “Evaluation of Progress” when the project is carried out.
3. Maintain student counseling after the project is finished.
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解析青少年犯罪率高峰之現象:「低自我控制」「與成熟代溝」之再議 / Analysis of the Concepts of Low Self-Control and Maturity Gap in the Pick Delinquency Phenomenon of Adolescents at Taiwan曾幼涵, Tzeng, Yo-Han Unknown Date (has links)
國內外的犯罪統計都發現青少年犯罪率高峰之現象。本研究擷取一般犯罪理論(A general theory of crime; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990)與成熟代溝理論(Maturity gap theory; Moffitt, 1993)的觀點來探討青少年犯罪率高峰現象之成因。一般犯罪理論採犯罪成因一元解釋觀點,認為犯罪人皆來自社會化不良所產生之低自我控制(low self-control)特質,低自我控制者具有貪圖眼前享樂,不顧未來後果的特性;一旦遇到適當的犯罪時機就會產生犯罪行為,而青春期正是犯罪能力與動機較強之時期,故青少年犯罪率特高。Moffitt將青少年犯罪分成青少年暫時型反社會行為(Adolescence-limited antisocial behavior)與終生型反社會行為(Life-course-persistent antisocial behavior)兩種,前者源於成熟代溝(maturity gap),指青少年在青春期生理成熟時產生之成人角色需求,受到法律或親長之限制而引發叛逆犯罪;後者則源於較先天性的神經心理因素。本研究即以「低自我控制」與「成熟問題」兩觀點來探索青少年犯罪率高峰現象的成因。本研究抽取國、高中學生共602人以及矯正機構學生共222人,比較國一到高三共六個年級的偏差行為分數,發現國二到國三是偏差行為的遽增期。階層回歸分析發現「低自我控制」先於社會化而存在,對偏差行為有很強的預測力;但是「成熟問題」的預測力與「低自我控制」相當。將受試者分成小時候即有偏差行為且持續到國中以後的「早發型」,以及直到國中以後才開始有偏差行為的「晚發型」,發現「早發型」無論在「低自我控制」或「成熟問題」,都較「晚發型」來得高分(即自我控制力較低,成熟困擾較高);訪談二位「早發型」及二位「晚發型」的矯正機構學生,發現「早發型」之自我控制力較低,但成熟困擾與「晚發型」相當。由於青春期發展困擾普遍存在於偏差青少年,使小學階段即有偏差行為的「早發型」產生更多違犯行為,使原先沒有偏差行為的「晚發型」開始從事違犯行為,乃因而產生青少年犯罪率高峰之現象。本研究額外的發現是,親長若對於青少年之官能性成熟需求加以限制,可抑制偏差行為之發生。另外,可預期「早發型」有持續犯罪的可能性,因為除了「低自我控制」的不良特質外,該特質會與惡質環境交互作用而產生進一步的累積結果(cumulative consequences)。 / With regard to the pick-delinquency phenomenon of adolescents, there are two major theories. A General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) attribute the phenomenon to the crime committing opportunity caused by the strengthened motivation and action capacity of low self-control individuals who step into adolescence period. The Maturity-Gap Theory (Moffitt, 1993) emphasizes that the discrepancy between the newly developed needs and the limitation toward the fulfillment of these needs from social agents caused the jump of juvenile delinquency. 606 Students of general schools and 222 custodial adolescents of correction schools were asked to answer a questionnaire of which the variables related to the two theories were constructed. Using deviant behaviors as criterion variables and the measured variables as predicting variables, the regression analyses by sets of variables yield the following results:(1) instant fun seeking, impulsiveness, deviant peer association and sensual needs resulted from maturation are highly significant variables to predict deviant behaviors. Whereas, the inhibition of sensual maturation needs from adults are countering variables to prevent adolescents from doing deviant behavior. In sum, maturity is highly related to juvenile delinquency but not the way explained by the maturity-gap theory at least at Taiwan. Comparing the delinquents of " early onset (of crime)" and "late onset" with "never onset" adolescents, the deviant profiles of the former two groups are similar to each other, but with the "early onset" having higher scores on the measured undesirable variables which may result from cumulative effect of circulating interaction between the adolescent's low self-control characteristics and vicious environment. The same conclusion can be derived from the qualitative data from interviewing four delinquents of correction school.
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