高等教育改革在20世紀後不斷推陳出新且成為國家發展的重要項目之一，世界先進國家無不投入大量的經費和研究在發展高等教育上。從德國高等教育國際化的發展來看，市場的要求成了改變高等教育的主要推動力，而各個高等學校國際化的程度也成了大眾選校和評估職業發展的標準。研究發現，德國在統一以後不但高等學校增加，大學生人數也提高，其改革的真正動機就是國際化，目的是為了維持高等教育在歐洲乃至於全球的競爭力。德國統一以後最大的高教改革特色是引入學士碩士兩階段學制以和國際接軌，同時更積極在各校推行績效責任制度和評鑑以提升教學品質和落實辦學成效，最後更藉由擴大學校的自主管理為發展學校特色的手段，用來達到競爭的目的。德國的做法其實並不異於其他國家，而波隆那進程在促進歐洲高等教育區的發展更適時地給予了德國聯邦政府這麼做的理由。德國聯邦政府為了保障其高等教育在歐洲框架下的「地位」，必須將自己放入歐洲高等教育區的系統中，讓德國高等教育的體制與歐洲其他國家的標準相互連接起來。德國聯邦政府認為歐洲高等教育區在未來會是全球化的一個縮影，而德國各邦高等學校願意妥協也是因為意識到唯有將自己放入一個競爭的系統中學校才會更具吸引力。 / Reform of higher education continued to emerge in the late 20th century and has become one of the most important developments for a country. Advanced countries around the world have invested a lot of their time in funding, researching and developing their higher educational programs. From an international point of view, the requirements of the workplace are driving the changes in higher educational programs. Indeed, the degree of internationalization in colleges and universities can also affect how a school will be judged by students wanting to develop their professional skills. This study indicates that both the number of higher educational institution and also the number of student enrollments in Germany have been increasing since Reunification. The motivation of the reform is to internationalize the higher educational system with the purpose of maintaining the competitive potential of German students. Germany has opened up access to a new bachelor-master-system in order to more readily connect students to international programs. The new evaluation and accreditation processes have been instituted in order to raise the teaching quality and to ensure the effectiveness of schools. Germany's approach is not different from other countries. The Bologna Process, which is a guideline for the European Higher Education Area, gave the German Federal Government a reason timely to modernize its higher education system. If the German Federal Government had not addressed the accords, Germany would have lost its stature and fall behind European trends and development within the European Higher Education Area. The German Federal Government is aware that the European Higher Education Area will be a small microcosm of globalization in the future, and local German colleges and universities have also realized that they can be attractive only when they put themselves into a competitive international system.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(教育学) / 乙第13367号 / 論教博第175号 / 新制||教||198(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院教育学研究科教育科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 服部 憲児, 教授 杉本 均, 教授 南部 広孝 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Education) / Kyoto University / DGAM