This thesis sets out to explain the establishment and., . protection of United States federal-' heritage '. land, --throughsome 200 years of conflict and `change. ý. It uses concepts,. like preservation, conservation and --exploitation. As US has .- the-- grown in area and population, pressures on land and natural resources have also intensified, particularly at times of external + and -internal strife: wars, the Depression, etc. As the exploitative pressures grew, a counterbalancing response arose from the preservationists. Various federal agencies have a role in protecting heritage land, none more so than the National Park Service since Its founding in 1916. Its achievements and problems, and Its relations with the other agencies, are discussed in some detail. From one point of view, heritage land Is a location for recreation or contemplation. Others regard It as a potential source of exploitable wealth, specially in its timber mineral and water resources. These opposed positions may be understood in terms of a theory that the countervailing forces of land exploitation and land protection were (and are) expressed politically in the conflict and Interdependence of heritage land protection. More recently, environmental problems have arisen at a global level, suggesting that the preservation : exploitation symbiosis is of relevance there as well. It Is possible that large, though comparatively local, environmental issues in the United States could be resolved through the Interplay of local and global politics.

Private military companies are not a transient phenomenon, but probably they present the future providers of military activities. Although security and defense have always been tasks that were exclusively performed by government institutions, the state monopoly on the instruments of force was weakened in the last decades as a result of the privatization trend. This change in the supplier of public services was triggered by worldwide occurring austerity measures which had a severe impact on defense budgets that were already heavily charged with enormous costs for more and more important logistic functions and the development of high-tech weapon systems within most armies. This gap of lacking financial resources and the coeval need in state-of-the-art equipment and service was soon filled by private providers, namely PMCs, being able to work more efficient as public institutions yet still cost-effective. Nevertheless, the defense array cannot be treated like any other industry that is privatized as whenever the exercise of force and weapons is concerned outmost precaution has to exhibit. Bearing in mind recent problems of irregularities at defense contracts tendering procedures and criminal convictions of private military company's employees in the Iraq War it is indispensable to keep a tab on and possibly restrain the suppliers of privatized defense tasks. The options for inclusion of private companies for defense functions are manifold and show many peculiarities. As the United States have commonly taken a stake in international armed conflicts for decades and also have made full use of PMCs, this paper focuses on several aspects of outsourcing within the area of the U.S. Army. (author's abstract) / Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Logistik

Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Tübingen, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references and sources (p. 243-261).

Zugl.: Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 2004 u.d.T.: Janssen, Elmar: Die USA, die EU und das Ziel einer nahöstlichen Friedensordnung

Zugl.: Würzburg, Univ., Diss., 2004

Zugl.: Potsdam, University, Diss., 2005.

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2005

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 2005

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2004