The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of financial markets and institutions on the economical growth of a developing country. The IRS (interest rate spread) is used as the main tool, to examine Chile and Taiwan regarding their economical growth between 1988 and 2007. The reason Taiwan and Chile have been chosen is due to vast differences in the geographical location, and even divergence in political and economical system of these countries. The research method that has been chosen for this thesis is a quantitative method. The economic theory is mainly based on secondary data. The method of data presentation and analysis are manly descriptive even though the layout of the thesis is more of an explanation research. The carculations are made with the statictical computer program SPSS. The results of the study are expressed mathematically and in sets of tables. In order to determinate the correlation between IRS and macroeconomic factors and the correlation between IRS and Economy growth, the magnitude and trend of the IRS is analysed from 1988 to 2007. To test the hypothesis, the OLS regression and panel data model is used. The theoretical part is the base of the empirical part. The theoretical part is needed in order to understand and later on analyze the results from research on Chile and Taiwan. Different aspects of economical growth are defined to make it easier to understand and follow the thesis thoroughly. The financial markets and institutions are discussed very shortly. To understand the growth theory, Solow growth model is discussed, which is one of the most important models concerning the economical growth. The empirical part of the thesis is dealing with the test of IRS against some macro economical factors such as; costumer price index (CPI), Exchange Rate (EX), Export Volume (EXP) and Money Supply (MO) of two different countries; Taiwan and Chile. The study provides evidence of the correlation between interest rate spread and the macroeconomical factors. The result shows that the correlation between interest rate spread and the macroeconomics factors vary from country to country. This mainly depends on the difference in political situation, the different economic and political policies of various goverments, the high inflation rates and the market structure of the countries. The value of the coefficients gives the magnitude of adjustment in the event that the systems move out of equilibrium. It also provides some evidence that there is a significant relationship between interst rate spread and economical growth. The test results show clearly that in order to gain a sustainable development and economical growth the financial markets must perform well.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of financial markets and institutions on the economical growth of a developing country. The IRS (interest rate spread) is used as the main tool, to examine Chile and Taiwan regarding their economical growth between 1988 and 2007. The reason Taiwan and Chile have been chosen is due to vast differences in the geographical location, and even divergence in political and economical system of these countries.</p><p>The research method that has been chosen for this thesis is a quantitative method. The economic theory is mainly based on secondary data. The method of data presentation and analysis are manly descriptive even though the layout of the thesis is more of an explanation research. The carculations are made with the statictical computer program SPSS. The results of the study are expressed mathematically and in sets of tables. In order to determinate the correlation between IRS and macroeconomic factors and the correlation between IRS and Economy growth, the magnitude and trend of the IRS is analysed from 1988 to 2007. To test the hypothesis, the OLS regression and panel data model is used.</p><p>The theoretical part is the base of the empirical part. The theoretical part is needed in order to understand and later on analyze the results from research on Chile and Taiwan. Different aspects of economical growth are defined to make it easier to understand and follow the thesis thoroughly. The financial markets and institutions are discussed very shortly. To understand the growth theory, Solow growth model is discussed, which is one of the most important models concerning the economical growth.</p><p>The empirical part of the thesis is dealing with the test of IRS against some macro economical factors such as; costumer price index (CPI), Exchange Rate (EX), Export Volume (EXP) and Money Supply (MO) of two different countries; Taiwan and Chile. The study provides evidence of the correlation between interest rate spread and the macroeconomical factors. The result shows that the correlation between interest rate spread and the macroeconomics factors vary from country to country. This mainly depends on the difference in political situation, the different economic and political policies of various goverments, the high inflation rates and the market structure of the countries. The value of the coefficients gives the magnitude of adjustment in the event that the systems move out of equilibrium. It also provides some evidence that there is a significant relationship between interst rate spread and economical growth. The test results show clearly that in order to gain a sustainable development and economical growth the financial markets must perform well.</p>

Com a população mundial prevista para chegar a 9 bilhões de pessoas durante o século 21, ocorre também o aumento na demanda de carne bovina, que segue acompanhado de aumento no consumo de recursos naturais do planeta. Entre os impactos causados pelo aumento da demanda está uma atmosfera que se aquece pelas emissões de gases do efeito estufa. Em vista disso, a busca de eficiência tecnológica no uso de recursos torna-se um alvo, porém tratado de forma secundária pelo segmento. Considerando as possibilidades atuais e futuras da produção e consumo global de carne bovina, quatro cenários prospectivos podem surgir para 2040, os quais envolvem a tecnologia de diferentes formas. Logo, essa pesquisa respondeu a pergunta: Quais cenários plausíveis de produção e consumo global sustentável de carne bovina podem ser projetados para 2040? Para responder a essa pergunta e atingir os objetivos de pesquisa, foi desenvolvida uma inédita metodologia, composta por quatro distintas fases. Como fator preponderante para a resposta de pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um modelo prospectivo, o qual identifica um padrão global sustentável de produção e consumo de carne bovina para 2040. Através do modelo, foram desenvolvidos quatro cenários prospectivos para a produção e consumo global da pecuária bovina de corte: um cenário que contempla a atual produção, consumo e tecnologia; três cenários que incluem avanços tecnológicos, projeção de demanda, população e Pib per capita. Através do modelo e de seus respectivos cenários, foi possível analisar que há embora hajam diferentes níveis de produção e consumo global, é possível buscar de forma efetiva a sustentabilidade global mediante a mudança de eficiência no uso de recursos naturais, avanços tecnológicos e a implementação de políticas públicas de produção. Através da pesquisa também foi possível perceber que a aplicação de técnicas de cenários prospectivos são de suma importância para avanços acadêmicos e a tomada de decisão de gestores. / The world population is expected to reach 9 billion people during the 21st century; therefore, there is an increase in the demand for bovine meat, which is accompanied by an increase in the consumption of natural resources of the planet. Among the impacts caused by this rising demand is an atmosphere that is heating up by greenhouse gas emissions. In view of this, the search for technological efficiency in the use of resources becomes a target, but it is treated in a secondary way by the segment. Therefore, this research answered the question: What plausible scenarios of sustainable global bovine meat production and consumption can be projected for 2040? To answer this question and achieve the research objectives, an unprecedented methodology was developed, composed of four distinct phases. As a preponderant factor for the research response, a prospective model was developed, which identifies a sustainable global pattern of beef production and consumption by 2040. Through the model, four prospective scenarios were developed for the global production and consumption of bovine livestock Of cut: a scenario that contemplates the current production, consumption and technology; Three scenarios that include technological advances, projection of demand, population and GDP per capita. Through the model and their respective scenarios, it was possible to analyze that although there are different levels of global production and consumption, it is possible to effectively seek global sustainability through a change in efficiency in the use of natural resources, technological advances and the implementation of Public production policies. The research also made possible to notice that the application of techniques of prospective scenarios are of paramount importance for academic advances and the decision making of managers.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is a wealthy country but faces multiple economic and social challenges. Economically, the country depends almost entirely on a single natural resource i.e. oil, which will be eventually exhausted. About sixty seven percent of Saudi’s native population is under 30 years of age and about 30 percent of 15-29 years old Saudis are unemployed. The country thus needs to diversify its economy and create job opportunities for its young unemployed population. A way forward in this regard could be supporting and promoting young people to engage in economic and entrepreneur activities, which could be facilitated by entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship has long been considered as a driver of innovation, a generator of employment opportunities and a potential wealth creator for both individuals and organisations. Academic literature supports the belief that with appropriate entrepreneurship education the number of would-be entrepreneurs can be increased. This study investigated the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs) on entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions amongst university students in the KSA. The conceptual model tested in this research was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Based on a quantitative approach, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to two groups: participants studying entrepreneurship courses as part of their degrees (to be known as EEPs Group) and participants not undertaking any entrepreneurship studies as part of their courses (Control Group). The data collection took place at the beginning of the semester (Pre-test/t1) in April 2010 and at the end of the semester (Post-test/t2) in July 2010. After screening, a final matched sample of 491 completed questionnaires for the EEPs Group and 184 for the Control Group was used for data analysis. The results of this empirical study revealed that the intention to become self-employed was positively and significantly correlated to attitudes regarding self-employment, to subjective norms and to perceived behavioural control. However, for entrepreneurial education, the intention to become self-employed was neither positively nor significantly correlated with new business start-up activities. For policy-makers in KSA, the study provides useful insights into the situation of entrepreneurship education, will aid planners in universities and the KSA government to address unemployment of young by creating greater entrepreneurial awareness, and thus, hopefully, jobs through entrepreneurship activities. This study has confirmed that EEPs has a significant contribution in developing entrepreneurial attitudes among university students. Thus, entrepreneurial skills could be inculcated in the younger Saudi generation early on in their lives by institutionalising enterprising and entrepreneurship knowledge, skills and culture through education and learning starting from the high school level to the university level. In addition, there is a need for changing behaviour and intentions towards, and creating awareness about, entrepreneurship and self-employment among Saudis using different channels of communications such as the electronic media including the social media.

Com a população mundial prevista para chegar a 9 bilhões de pessoas durante o século 21, ocorre também o aumento na demanda de carne bovina, que segue acompanhado de aumento no consumo de recursos naturais do planeta. Entre os impactos causados pelo aumento da demanda está uma atmosfera que se aquece pelas emissões de gases do efeito estufa. Em vista disso, a busca de eficiência tecnológica no uso de recursos torna-se um alvo, porém tratado de forma secundária pelo segmento. Considerando as possibilidades atuais e futuras da produção e consumo global de carne bovina, quatro cenários prospectivos podem surgir para 2040, os quais envolvem a tecnologia de diferentes formas. Logo, essa pesquisa respondeu a pergunta: Quais cenários plausíveis de produção e consumo global sustentável de carne bovina podem ser projetados para 2040? Para responder a essa pergunta e atingir os objetivos de pesquisa, foi desenvolvida uma inédita metodologia, composta por quatro distintas fases. Como fator preponderante para a resposta de pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um modelo prospectivo, o qual identifica um padrão global sustentável de produção e consumo de carne bovina para 2040. Através do modelo, foram desenvolvidos quatro cenários prospectivos para a produção e consumo global da pecuária bovina de corte: um cenário que contempla a atual produção, consumo e tecnologia; três cenários que incluem avanços tecnológicos, projeção de demanda, população e Pib per capita. Através do modelo e de seus respectivos cenários, foi possível analisar que há embora hajam diferentes níveis de produção e consumo global, é possível buscar de forma efetiva a sustentabilidade global mediante a mudança de eficiência no uso de recursos naturais, avanços tecnológicos e a implementação de políticas públicas de produção. Através da pesquisa também foi possível perceber que a aplicação de técnicas de cenários prospectivos são de suma importância para avanços acadêmicos e a tomada de decisão de gestores. / The world population is expected to reach 9 billion people during the 21st century; therefore, there is an increase in the demand for bovine meat, which is accompanied by an increase in the consumption of natural resources of the planet. Among the impacts caused by this rising demand is an atmosphere that is heating up by greenhouse gas emissions. In view of this, the search for technological efficiency in the use of resources becomes a target, but it is treated in a secondary way by the segment. Therefore, this research answered the question: What plausible scenarios of sustainable global bovine meat production and consumption can be projected for 2040? To answer this question and achieve the research objectives, an unprecedented methodology was developed, composed of four distinct phases. As a preponderant factor for the research response, a prospective model was developed, which identifies a sustainable global pattern of beef production and consumption by 2040. Through the model, four prospective scenarios were developed for the global production and consumption of bovine livestock Of cut: a scenario that contemplates the current production, consumption and technology; Three scenarios that include technological advances, projection of demand, population and GDP per capita. Through the model and their respective scenarios, it was possible to analyze that although there are different levels of global production and consumption, it is possible to effectively seek global sustainability through a change in efficiency in the use of natural resources, technological advances and the implementation of Public production policies. The research also made possible to notice that the application of techniques of prospective scenarios are of paramount importance for academic advances and the decision making of managers.

This thesis deals with the impacts of information and communication technology investment surge on USA economic growth in the 1990s. Besides others, rapid development of these technologies also led to the creation of a stock market bubble, which affected the expansion phase of the economic cycle. Its burst in 2000-2001 resulted in economic slow-down and end of the longest recorded economic expansion in the history of the United States. Main part of the thesis discusses the benefits of information technology for economy and further evaluates the role of the speculative bubble in the development of consumption and investment expenditures. The thesis results suggest that the increase in capital intensity and sharp stock market price inflation significantly accelerated the dynamics of the economic growth in the second half of the described cycle.