Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-57).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-193). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-193). Also available on the Internet.

An acute bout of unaccustomed eccentric exercise causes prolonged strength loss and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) for several days. Chronic dietary supplementation with polyphenols, from pomegranates, has been shown to accelerate recovery following eccentric exercise, but the optimal dose is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with different doses of pomegranate juice concentrate (PJC) on muscular strength, power, and soreness throughout a 96-hour time period following an acute bout of eccentric exercise. Healthy recreationally active males (n=45) were assigned to one of three treatment groups: Once-daily PJC (1x), twice-daily PJC (2x), or placebo (PLA) supplementation over a period of eight days. A 1x dose of PJC provided approximately 650 mg GAE. On day four of each treatment, subjects performed downhill running intervals (-10% grade) over a 40-minute period followed by 40 repetitions of eccentric elbow flexion at 100% of concentric 1-RM. Muscle soreness of arms and legs, maximal isometric strength of the elbow flexors (EF) and knee extensors (KE), vertical jump height (VJ[subscript height]) maximal cycling power (P[subscript max]), and 10-meter sprint velocity (V[subscript 10m]) were assessed pre-exercise and 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-exercise. Additionally, maximal instantaneous power (IP[subscript max]), maximal velocity (V[subscript max]), maximal torque (T[subscript max]), and torque at 0° (T0) were assessed on the inertial load power cycle pre-exercise and 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-exercise. Throughout the 96-hours post-exercise, isometric EF strength was significantly higher in 1x and 2x groups as compared to PLA (main treatment effect, 83.6 ± 2.7% vs. 85.6 ± 1.9% vs. 78.4 ± 1.8%, respectively; p < 0.001). Isometric KE strength was significantly higher in 1x and 2x groups as compared to PLA (main treatment effect, 93.9 ± 1.5% vs. 91.6 ± 1.5% vs. 87.1 ± 1.8%, respectively; p < 0.001). Both VJ and V10m were significantly higher in 1x compared to PLA (main treatment effect, 99.9 ± 0.9% vs. 98.0 ± 1.0%, respectively, p = 0.037; 100.0 ± 0.8% vs. 97.8 ± 0.7%, respectively, p = 0.003). Muscle soreness and Pmax, were similar at all time points between groups. We conclude that dietary supplementation with 1x or 2x PJC results in higher isometric strength values compared to placebo for EF and KE muscles during the 96-hour period after an acute bout of eccentric exercise. / text

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world and has something to do with daily diet. The polyphenol is the most abundant compound in daily diet, including grape. The red wine was rich in polyphenol because of composing much grape. Early study has already confirmed the “French Paradox” in cardiovascular protection power, which shed light on the dietary modulation on disease. Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of products containing polyphenol such as red wine extract, grape juice and grape extract tablets or powder on cardiovascular disease risk factors. It mainly examined relationship between polyphenol and serum lipid in addition to blood pressure. Methods: Studies working on effects of grape extract products on cardiovascular disease were searched from electronic resources MEDLINE and EMBASE. Nine clinical controlled trials were identified through PubMed and Ovid. CONSORT guideline and Jadad Score were used to appraise the quality of trials. Weighing two assessment guidelines, a total of three studies were in good quality, one was in bad quality while the rest four were fair to middle. Results: The changes before and after intervention on serum lipid and blood pressure were contradictory. Some studies found polyphenol was statistically significant protective factors, while some did not find it siginificant but still showed a protective effect. One study found polyohenol had no effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusion: The prevention of polyphenol was not consistent in nine trials and there is no sufficient and strong evidence supporting its cardiovascular protection effect given that the study design of each trial differed. It was not recommeded to use grape polyphenol as cardiovascular protect products. There were limitations and weakness of current study on the association of polyphenol and cardiovascular disease. Further research on this topic is required, both in vivo and in vitro. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Consumption of whole grains has been linked to reduced risk of colon cancer. This study determined estrogenic activity of sorghum phenolic extracts of different phenolic profiles and identified possible estrogenic compounds in sorghum in vitro, as well as evaluated the potential of estrogenic sorghum phenolic extracts to prevent colon carcinogenesis in vivo. The thermal stability of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanins was also studied, to determine their suitability as functional food colorants. White and TX430 (black) sorghum extracts showed estrogenic activity in cell models predominantly expressing estrogen receptor-α (ERα) or ERβ at 5 and 10 µg/mL, respectively. The same treatments led to induction of apoptosis in cells expressing ERβ. The red TX2911 sorghum did not possess these activities. Compositional analysis revealed differences in flavones and flavanones. Flavones with estrogen-like properties, i.e. luteolin and apigenin, were detected in White and TX430 (black) sorghum extracts, but not in red TX2911 extract. Naringenin, a flavanone known to antagonize ERα signalling, was only detected in the red TX2911 extract. Additional experiments with sorghum extracts of distinct flavones/flavanone ratio, as well as with pure apigenin and naringenin, suggested that flavones are the more potent ERβ agonists in sorghum. On the other hand, 3-deoxyanthocyanins were probably not estrogenic. Estrogenic white and black sorghum phenolic extracts (fed at 1% level in the diet) reduced the number of azoxymethane induced colon premalignant lesion (aberrant crypt foci) by 39.3% and 14.7%, respectively, in ovariectomized mice. Further studies are needed to elucidate the protective mechanisms induced by these sorghum extracts. Sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanins retained good color stability after 30 minutes of heat treatment at 121 °C under pressure: More than 80% of color retained in pH 1 and 2 HCl and citric acid solutions, and 39-84% retained from pHs 3-7. Formic acid negatively affected the color stability at pH 1 and pH 2 due to its reducing capacity. Methoxylation decreased the thermal stability of 3-deoxyanthocyanins. The heat stability of 3-deoxyanthocyanins indicates good potential for food use. Overall, the inherent estrogenic activity of specific sorghum phenolic extracts is a likely mechanism for colon cancer prevention. Further studies are needed to assess physiologically relevant dietary level of sorghum phenolics for prevention of colon cancer, and effect of food processing on the activity and bioavailability of the chemopreventive components.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon Graduate Center, 1989.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-141). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-86). Also available on the World Wide Web.