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ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to determine the net energy (NE) of wheat-corn distillers dried grains with solubles (wcDDGS) using the comparative slaughter (CS), the indirect calorimetry (IC) and the chemical composition (CH) methods. Based on the CS method, NE values of 2,407, and 2,424 kcal/kg DM were obtained for wcDDGS included at 15% and 30%, respectively. For the IC method, the NE values of 2,407, and 2,403 kcal/kg DM were obtained for wcDDGS included at 15% and 30%, respectively; corresponding values for the CH method were 2,536 and 2,197 kcal/kg DM, respectively. It is concluded that NE value of wcDDGS ranges from 2,367 kcal/kg DM to 2,416 kcal/kg DM depending on the method used. As the values obtained from the various methods were not different, the average NE value for the wcDDGS evaluated was 2,396 ± 25.71 kcal/kg DM.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of residual feed intake (RFI) classification on performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior and carcass traits, and to determine the relative importance of individual performance and carcass measurements on between-animal variation in net revenue of feedlot steers. Performance, feed intake and feeding behavior traits were measured in 508 Angus-based composite steers, using the GrowSafe feed-intake measurement system, while fed a high-grain diet for 70 days. Residual feed intake (RFI) was computed as actual minus expected dry matter intake (DMI) derived from regression of DMI on average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test BW0.75, and steers classified into low (n = 150), medium (n = 200) and high (n = 158) RFI groups. Following the feed-intake measurement periods, steers were fed the same diet in group pens and harvested at an average backfat thickness of 1.14 cm. Net revenue (NR) was calculated as carcass value minus feeder calf, yardage, and feed costs using 3-year average prices. Feed cost was based on actual feed consumed during the feed-intake measurement periods, and model-predicted intake adjusted for RFI during the group-feeding periods. Steers with low RFI had $48/hd lower (P < 0.0001) feed cost, $16/hd numerically higher (P = 0.29) carcass value, and $62/hd more favorable (P < 0.0001) net revenue compared to their high-RFI counterparts. Net revenue was correlated with carcass weight, marbling score, yield grade, DMI, ADG, RFI and G:F ratio where animals that consumed more feed, had higher rates of gain and were more efficient had more favorable net returns. Models predicting net revenue from performance, carcass quality, and feed efficiency traits accounted for 77% of the between-animal variation in NR. In the base model, that included all traits performance, carcass quality and feed efficiency traits explained 28, 14 and 35%, respectively, of the variation in NR. Results from this study indicate that between-animal variation in net revenue was impacted to a great extent by performance and feed efficiency, rather than carcass quality traits, in Angus-based composite steers based on average 3-year pricing scenarios.

L'objectif de ce mémoire est d'analyser les transactions d'initiés, effectuées sur la Bourse de Toronto, lors de la période 2008-2010. De façon plus spécifique, nous analysons les fréquences de transactions effectuées dans les jours entourant les annonces de surprise de bénéfice net trimestriel (BNT) et la profitabilité de celles-ci. Les études de Sivakumar et Waymire (1994) et Park et al. (1995) ont conclu que les fréquences moyennes quotidiennes des transactions d'initiés américains sont supérieures à la moyenne dans les premiers jours suivant la divulgation de rapports des résultats. L'hypothèse à vérifier, concernant les initiés canadiens, est de déterminer si leurs fréquences de transactions sont différentes de la moyenne lors des premiers jours suivant les surprises de bénéfice net trimestriel. Les résultats obtenus sont en accord avec cette hypothèse.- Selon Fama (1970), la forme forte d'efficience de marché implique que les initiés ne réalisent pas un rendement anormal moyen cumulé (RAMC) significativement différent de zéro. Les études de Basel et Stein (1979), Lee et Bishara (1989) et McNally et Smith (2003) ont tous rejeté l'efficience forte de la Bourse de Toronto. Cependant, Heinkel et Kraus (1987) ne rejettent pas l'efficience forte de la Bourse de Vancouver. L'hypothèse à vérifier concernant la profitabilité des transactions d'initiés est de déterminer si le marché canadien, représenté par la Bourse de Toronto, est efficient selon la forme forte. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé deux méthodologies pour calculer les RAMC, soit le modèle de marché utilisé par Basel et Stein (1979), Heinkel et Kraus (1987) et Lee et Bishara (1989), et le modèle simple utilisé par McNally et Smith (2003). Les résultats obtenus avec la méthode de marché nous permettent de rejeter cette hypothèse contrairement à ceux obtenus avec le modèle simple. Selon Park et. al. (1995), plusieurs études concluent que les surprises de BNT positives (négatives), sont suivies d'un RAMC positif (négatif). Grâce à leur connaissance, il est possible que les-initiés effectuent des transactions à des moments spécifiques entourant les surprises. L'hypothèse à vérifier est de déterminer si les transactions, effectuées à des moments précis relatifs aux surprises, obtiennent un RAMC différent que les transactions effectuées à d'autres moments. En général, les résultats obtenus rejettent cette hypothèse.

In this thesis we will describe the development of software functions that render graphical and textual information of G-Net(A software system for graph theory & algorithms) onto various raster output devices.Graphs are mathematical structures that are used to model very diverse systems such as networks, VLSI design, chemical compounds and many other systems where relations between objects play an important role. The study of graph theory problems requires many manipulative techniques. A software system (such as G-Net) that can automate these techniques will be a very good aid to graph theorists and professionals. The project G-Net, headed by Prof. Kunwarjit S. Bagga of the computer science department has the goal of developing a software system having three main functions. These are: learning basics of graph theory, drawing/manipulating graphs and executing graph algorithms.The thesis will begin with an introduction to graph theory followed by a brief description of the evolution of the G-Net system and its current status. To print on various printers, the G-Net system translates all the printable information into PostScript' files. A major part of this thesis concentrates on this translation. To begin with, the necessity of a standard format for the printable information is discussed. The choice of PostScript as a standard is then justified. Next,the design issues of translator and the translation algorithm are discussed in detail. The translation process for each category of printable information is explained. Issues of printing these PostScript files onto different printers are dealt with at the end. / Department of Computer Science

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) are rare, hormone producing and proliferate slowly. Patients usually display metastases at time of diagnosis, the tumours are difficult to cure, and the disease course is unpredictable. The gene expression pattern was investigated in paper I, with emphasis on aggressive disease and tumour progression. Expression microarrays were performed on 42 tumours. Unsupervised hierarchal clustering revealed three clusters that were correlated to clinical features, and expression changes from primary tumour to metastasis. Eight novel genes, ACTG2, GREM2, REG3A, TUSC2, RUNX1, TGFBR2, TPH1 and CDH6 may be of importance for tumour progression. In paper II, expression of ACTG2 was detected in a fraction of SI-NETs, but not in normal enterochromaffin cells. Inhibition of histone methyltransferase and transfection of miR-145 induced expression and no effect was seen after DNA methylation or selective EZH2 inhibition in vitro. miR-145 expression was reduced in metastases compared to primary tumours. Overexpression of ACTG2 inhibited cell growth, and inducing ACTG2 may have therapeutic effects. TCEB3C (Elongin A3) is located on chromosome 18 and is imprinted in some tissues. In paper III a reduced protein expression was detected. The gene was epigenetically repressed by both DNA and histone methylation in a tumour tissue specific context. The expression was also induced in primary cell cultures after DNA demethylation and pyrosequencing revealed promoter region hypermethylation. Overexpression of TCEB3C inhibited cell growth by 50%, suggesting TCEB3C to be a tumour suppressor gene. In paper IV, 69 biomarkers were analysed in blood serum using multiplex proximity ligation assay. Nineteen markers displayed different levels between patients and controls. In an extended cohort, ELISA analysis showed elevated serum levels of Mindin, DcR3 and TFF3 in patients and protein expression in tumour cells. High levels of DcR3 and TFF3 were associated with poor survival, and DcR3 may be a marker for liver metastases. Mindin, DcR3, and TFF3 are potential novel diagnostic biomarkers for SI-NETs.

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to determine the net energy (NE) of wheat-corn distillers dried grains with solubles (wcDDGS) using the comparative slaughter (CS), the indirect calorimetry (IC) and the chemical composition (CH) methods. Based on the CS method, NE values of 2,407, and 2,424 kcal/kg DM were obtained for wcDDGS included at 15% and 30%, respectively. For the IC method, the NE values of 2,407, and 2,403 kcal/kg DM were obtained for wcDDGS included at 15% and 30%, respectively; corresponding values for the CH method were 2,536 and 2,197 kcal/kg DM, respectively. It is concluded that NE value of wcDDGS ranges from 2,367 kcal/kg DM to 2,416 kcal/kg DM depending on the method used. As the values obtained from the various methods were not different, the average NE value for the wcDDGS evaluated was 2,396 ± 25.71 kcal/kg DM.

Marketplace volatility in the pork industry demands that producers re-evaluate production practices in order to remain profitable. Stocking density and dietary energy concentration independently affect performance and economic returns of growing finishing pigs. However, there is limited information on whether the interaction between these two factors is important for optimizing productivity and maximizing economic returns. The objective of this study was to determine if the dietary energy concentration that maximizes performance and economic returns varies with stocking density. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial included; sex (barrows and gilts), dietary energy (2.15, 2.30 and 2.45 Mcal NE/kg) and stocking density (14, 17 or 20 pigs per pen providing 0.92, 0.76 and 0.65 m2 per pig, respectively). A total of 932 pigs were used with three replications of 18 treatments. Pigs were randomly assigned to pens within sex to achieve an average initial BW of 75 kg. Wheat and barley based diets were formulated to meet or exceed the pigs’ nutrient requirements (National Research Council, 2012) and were fed in three phases within sex at each energy concentration. Overall (75 to 118 kg BW), as dietary energy increased from 2.15 to 2.45 Mcal NE/kg, ADG increased from 1.17 to 1.23 kg/d, ADFI decreased from 4.09 to 3.77 kg/d, G:F improved from 0.29 to 0.33 and caloric intake increased from 8.81 to 9.29 Mcal NE/d (P < 0.05). When stocking density was increased from 14 to 20 pigs per pen, ADG (1.21 to 1.17 kg/d), ADFI (4.00 to 3.82 kg/d) and caloric intake (9.19 to 8.12 Mcal NE/d) decreased (P < 0.05). Neither dietary energy concentration nor stocking density had a significant effect on the utilization of calories for growth (Gain:Mcal). Feeder visits per pig and time at the feeder per pig were decreased when stocking density increased from 14 to 20 pigs per pen (P < 0.01). Total time at the feeder and time at the feeder per pig were increased when dietary energy decreased from 2.45 to 2.15 Mcal of NE/kg. Per pen, aggressive incidents at the feeder increased (P < 0.05) and there was a tendency for increased aggressive incidents per pig (P = 0.09) when stocking density was increased. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) in income over feed cost (IOFC) with increased stocking density, and there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a linear increase in IOFC when dietary energy was increased. The dietary energy which maximized the IOFC did not vary with stocking density. Dietary energy and stocking density independently affect pig performance, behavior, and economic returns and the optimal dietary energy does not depend on stocking density (dietary energy by stocking density interaction).

The use of electronics connected to local networks and the Internet is growingall the time. Nowadays you can control your electronics in your house even when away from home, which opens up for potential security threats. The purpose of this report is to point out the potential risks with connecting home electronics to the Internet and to shed light on what security mechanisms that are needed in these kinds of systems. This report contains a theoretical part in which relevant material has been summarized. This material includes the smart home solution Tellstick Net and the wireless technologies ZigBee and Z-Wave, which are commonly used in home automation. The Tellstick Net system was mapped out and a risk analysis with attack trees was performed. After the analysis of the system, the implementation of two potential security threats were attempted. The two attempted attacks were replay attack and cross-site request forgery. The replay attack was unsuccessful due to the way the system communicates and keeps connections alive. However, the cross-site request forgery was discovered to be successful in some cases. It depended on if the browser of the target supported cross-origin resource sharing, as that property protects against cross-site request forgery. Finally, the report discusses what impact the found security deficiencies have, what they entail and how they reflect on the need for security in smart technologies for the home.

This study demonstrates how the density of a neighbourhood affects its energy demand, metabolism (energy and material flows) and its ability to produce its own energy. Single-family detached houses and row townhouses were each modeled using passive solar housing guidelines with the DesignBuilder building energy simulation software. Energy demand is then modeled within neighbourhoods at two densities based on south facing windows fully un-shaded at 9:00 am, and 12:00 pm solar time on Dec. 21. The neighbourhood metabolisms were then calculated based on location and density. The potential energy supply was evaluated from the spatial characteristics of the neighbourhood (for solar) and the metabolism (municipal solid waste and wastewater flows.) The potential energy demand and supply are then compared for the varying building types and densities to determine the sensitivity of the energy supply and demand relationships.