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Atlikta klinikinės medžiagos spektroskopinė analizė indukuojant autofluorescenciją lazerine spinduliuote. Eksperimento metu naudotas nešiojamas trečios harmonikos generatorius (355nm.). Tiriamoji medžiaga atviros stuburo išvaržos pašalinimo operacijos metu buvo imta iš skirtingų vietų: D- iš disko gilumos, P – išvarža iš po raiščio ir S – laisvas sekvestras. Viso buvo surinkta 29 bandiniai: 9 - D, 12 – P ir 8 S. Eksperimentų metų gauti rezultatai buo lyginami su histologinėmis tos pašios medžiagos išvadomis. Mūsų atliktų tyrymų rezultatai rodo, kad sukeltoji autofluorescencija rodo skirtingas medžiagas sudarančias tarpslankstelinį diską. Manome, kad pritaikius spektroskopinę analizę galima nustatyti disko biocheminės struktūros kitimus, taipogi, netiesiogiai spręsti apie disko degeneracijos procesą. Iš spektro sudedamųjų komponentų galima prelimenariai nustatyti tarpslanksteliio disko išvaržos sausgyslinio žiedo (P grupė) degeneracijos lygmenį, kuris neatsispindi kitais, neinvaziniais atvaizdavimo metodais. Pašalintų tarpslankstelinio disko mėginių spektrinis tyrimas sudaro pagrindą tolimesniems degeneruojančio disko biocheminiams ir spektriniams tyrimams. / The analysis of material of clinical state was made inducing the autofluorescence using the third harmonic 355 nm. laser radiation generator. Experimental material was taken during open vertebral hernia removal procedure. Accordingly to intraoperative findings, all the samples were divided into three groups: D group- disc specimen gathered from inside the disc space; P group- herniation removed from subligamentous space; S group- free sequester in direct contact with epidural vessels. For the final assessment 29 disc specimens were collected. Stained disc sections were evaluated also histologicaly. The results indicate that auto fluorescence refers to different substances constituting intervertebral disc. Spectral analysis can be used to determine biochemical changes content of intervertebral disc matrix, and signs of disc degeneration can be identified indirectly. According to the spectral gaussian components in spectra, degeneration in intervertebral disc (P group) may be determined indirectly. Moreover, spectroscopy may be a new very sensitive tool in determining intervertebral disc degeneration where other non-invasive methods are helpful. Spectroscopic analysis of intervertebral disc removed during open surgery, creates background for further investigation on degenerating intervertebral disc spectral features and biochemical changes.

This thesis investigates the ways in which hereditary degeneration was discussed by Scottish psychiatrists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with particular reference to the anti-alcohol debate. I examine the theoretical writings of both clinical and forensic psychiatry to show how the theory of degeneration functioned as part of a new understanding of legal medicine and that psychiatric knowledge was always implicitly related to a broader conception of criminal capacity and the role of the modern state. While the argument is situated in the wider literature covering psychiatry and degeneration in Europe and America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, I trace a rather singular story rooted in the institutional peculiarities of Scotland, showing how psychiatrists attempted to use the problem of alcoholic degeneration to mould their science into a branch of public health, propelling them into their preferred role as guardians of the race. This public health campaign facilitated the creation of new categories of psychiatric knowledge consisting of mental abnormalities that did not amount to absolute insanity, but that none the less had a bearing on how people thought about the mind, conduct, and criminal capacity. All the leading figures of Scottish psychiatry had a significant interest in alcohol as a cause of degeneration, and in their descriptions of the condition, the legal applications of the doctrine were never from view. One reason for this was undoubtedly the autonomous nature of the Scottish legal system which, when combined with the relatively small professional population of Scotland, greatly increased the rate of intellectual exchange between psychiatrists and lawyers while intensifying the political implications of associating with certain doctrines. Thus, a large part of my thesis will also be devoted to the legal interpretation of psychiatric claims, and in later part of the thesis I examine in depth the extent to which psychiatric knowledge claims were able to modify the laws of Scotland. Three substantive themes protrude from the documents consulted: Heredity, degeneration and alcohol, and medico-legal interaction. In analysing these themes, I engage with specific aspects of the social and institutional life of Scottish psychiatrists in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.

Xu Ge-Zhi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-69). / List of figures --- p.IV / Abstract --- p.V / Chapter Chapter1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Literature review --- p.2 / Chapter 1. --- Necrosis --- p.2 / Chapter 2. --- Apoptosis --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1. --- Morphologic features of apoptosis --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2. --- Biochemical mechanism of apoptosis --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3. --- Genetic regulation of apoptosis --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4. --- Techniques for identifying apoptosis --- p.7 / Chapter 3. --- Retinal degeneration --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1. --- Pathologic myopia --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2. --- Age-related macular degeneration (ARM) --- p.11 / Chapter 3.3. --- Retinal detachment --- p.12 / Chapter 4. --- Apoptosis and retinal degeneration --- p.14 / Chapter 5. --- Scope and definition of the thesis problem --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter2 --- Materials and methods --- p.16 / Chapter 1. --- Cases selection and tissue preparation --- p.16 / Chapter 2. --- TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end Labelling (TUNEL) --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter3 --- Results --- p.20 / Chapter 1. --- Pathologic myopia group --- p.20 / Chapter 2. --- Age-related macular degeneration group --- p.22 / Chapter 3. --- Retinal detachment group --- p.23 / Chapter 4. --- Peripheral retinal degeneration group --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter4 --- Discussion --- p.44 / References --- p.56

OBJECTIVE To determine whether grading for AMD during a diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening program would be cost-effective in Hong Kong. METHODS A cost-effectiveness analysis based on a Markov model with six mutually exclusive health states was undertaken. It included grading for AMD and treatment with vitamin therapy for those with intermediate AMD. The outcome of the model was cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. A public provider perspective was used. The measures of effectiveness were mostly taken from a local DR screening project except the transition probabilities and the utility values which were taken from overseas data. Costs were mainly taken from the Hospital Authority and salary scale 2009. The main assumptions and estimates were tested in sensitivity analyses. In this model, only subjects with non-sight threatening diabetic retinopathy were included and the possibility of disease regression and treatment benefit for those with advanced AMD were not considered. Both costs and benefits were discounted at 3%. RESULTS The cost per QALY gained through grading for AMD at the time of DR screening and treatment with vitamins of appropriate cases was HK$47,397 after discounting. This would be considered highly cost-effective based on the World Health Organization’s threshold of willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a QALY, e.g. less than the annual per capita GDP HK$300,000. One way sensitivity analyses revealed that the cost per QALY was most sensitive to utility value, discount rate, progression rate from intermediate to advanced AMD, and compliance rate for the treatment. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve showed that at a WTP for a QALY of $100,000 or more, this AMD screening programme has over 90% of probability of being cost-effective compared with no screening. CONCLUSION Our cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that grading for AMD at the time of DR screening among diabetic patients would probably be cost-effective in a Hong Kong public hospital setting. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

abstract / Anatomy / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.