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Changes in muscle function and performance with ageMills, Matthew January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
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An investigation of matrix metalloproteinases derived from retinal pigment epithelial cells and their influence on fluid movement through Bruch's membraneAhir, Alpa January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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An investigation of the permeability of Bruch's membrane and its variation with ageMoore, David Jonathan January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
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An investigation into the functional activity within the subcortical visual centers and retinae of the Royal College of Surgeons rat using C-fos immunohistochemistryLü, Bin January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Einfluss funktionsloser Photorezeptoren auf die Anatomie der Retina - Eine licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Studie anhand der CNGA3-/-Rho-/- Maus / Influence of photoreceptors without function on the anatomy of the retina - A light and electromicroscopical study on the CNGA3-/-Rho-/- mouseClaes, Ellen January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Netzhauterkrankungen, wie Retinitis pigmentosa, sind in der Bevölkerung weit verbreitet (1,5 Millionen weltweit). Gewöhnlich berichten die Betroffenen über Nachtblindheit und periphere Gesichtsfeldausfälle. Häufig führt diese Erkrankung, die durch eine fortschreitende Degeneration von Photorezeptoren verursacht wird, zur vollständigen Erblindung. Bisher beschrieb man den pathologischen Prozess vor allem an rd-Mäusen. Allerdings setzt bei diesen die Degeneration sehr früh ein. Somit ist die Übertragbarkeit auf den Menschen erschwert, da abgesehen von wenigen Ausnahmen, der Verlust von Photorezeptoren hier erst im zweiten Lebensabschnitt beginnt. Deshalb war es interessant, im Rahmen dieser Arbeit anhand der CNGA3-/-Rho-/- Maus ein Modell zu untersuchen, das ähnlich dem menschlichen System, zunächst eine intakte Morphologie zeigt. Dadurch war es möglich eine genaue zeitliche Abfolge der Degeneration zu dokumentieren. Dies kann medizinisch zur Entwicklung eines Therapieansatzes genutzt werden, der bereits zu Beginn der Degeneration greift, und damit den fortlaufenden Prozess zum Stillstand bringen kann. Die CNGA3-/-Rho-/- Maus repräsentiert ein System funktionsloser Photorezeptoren, bei dem der zyklische Nukleotid-Kanal (CNGA3) der Zapfenaußensegmente und das Rhodopsin (Rho) der Stäbchenaußensegmente ausgeschaltet wurde. Bestätigt wurde dies durch ein Elektroretinogramm mit einer negativen Photoantwort bezüglich Zapfen und Stäbchen. Die Degeneration führt zu einem vollständigen Verlust aller Photorezeptoren nach drei Monaten (Pm3). Zum Zeitpunkt Pw4 konnte, vergleichbar dem Wildtyp, eine intakte äußere Retina nachgewiesen werden, bei der lediglich die äußeren Stäbchensegmente fehlen. Die synaptischen Kontakte zwischen den Terminalien der Photorezeptoren, der Horizontalzellen und Bipolarzelldendriten waren normal entwickelt und Stäbchenendigungen als auch Zapfenendfüßchen bildeten funktionelle Triaden aus. Bei den Stäbchenendigungen konnte mit zunehmender Degeneration (Pw5, Pw6) eine Akkumulation synaptischer Bänder und postsynaptischer Elemente beobachtet werden. Im Zeitraum Pw4-7 zeigten sowohl die Zapfen, als auch die Horizontalzellen und Stäbchen-Bipolarzellen, eine bemerkenswerte strukturelle Plastizität. Obwohl durch die Photorezeptoren kein Lichtsignal vermittelt wurde, konnten präsynaptische Marker (bassoon) und postsynaptische Glutamatrezeptoren (GluR1, mGluR6) an den Photorezeptorterminalien nachgewiesen werden. Dies lässt die Vermutung zu, dass eine Transmitterfreisetzung theoretisch möglich wäre. Darüber hinaus konnte im Zeitraum von 12 Monaten keine nennenswerte Auswirkung auf die IPL beobachtet werden: Amakrin- und Zapfen-Bipolarzellen waren normal stratifiziert und die Expression der Transmitter-Rezeptoren zeigte ein charakteristisches Verteilungsmuster. Außerdem war die Ultrastruktur von konventionellen und Bandsynapsen der des Wildtyps vergleichbar. Darüber hinaus bildeten sowohl Amakrinzellen, als auch Bipolar- und Ganglienzellen, Fortsätze in die INL hinein. Allgemein zeigt die immunhistochemisch und ultrastrukturell untersuchte CNGA3-/-Rho-/- Maus, dass weder funktionell aktive Photorezeptoren noch Licht eine stimulierende Wirkung auf die Ausbildung synaptischer Strukturen und die Expression verschiedener Rezeptoren haben. / Retinopathies such as retinitis pigmentosa affect about 1,5 million people worldwide. Patients usually suffer from night blindness and loss of mid-peripheral visual field caused by a continual degeneration of photoreceptors often leading to a complete loss of sight. Up to now the pathology process of this desease has been described in retinal degeneration (rd) mice. However this degeneration starts at an early time point. It makes a comparison to the human system difficult, because with a few exceptions, photoreceptor degeneration starts in the second half of human life span. For this reason, the CNGA3-/-Rho-/- mouse system is chosen for this study. It shows an intact photoreceptor morphology in the first life span, comparable to humans. Thus it was possible to document the exact time course of the photoreceptor degeneration. This result can be useful for development of a medical therapy which can be applied at an early stage of degeneration and thus may stop the ongoing process in time. The CNGA3-/-Rho-/- represents a mouse system without functional photoreceptors (cyclic nucleotide-gated channel in cones (CNGA3) and the rhodopsin (Rho) in rods are knocked out). The lack of these functions was proven by electroretinography. Photoreceptor degeneration starts at postnatal week 4 progressing to an almost complete loss after 3 months (Pm3). In the early postnatal development at Pw4 the outer retina of the CNGA3-/-Rho-/- mouse shows an intact multi-layer ONL comparable to the wildtype, with the outer rod segments missing. In the CNGA3-/-Rho-/- retina the development of the synaptic contacts between photoreceptor terminals, horizontal cell processes, and bipolar cell dendrites appears normal until Pw4. Electron microscopy demonstrates rod spherules with one triad synapse and cone pedicles with multiple triad synapses comparable to the wildtype retina. At the age of Pw5 and Pw6 some of the surviving rod spherules show an increased number of synaptic ribbons and postsynaptic elements. In addition, second-order neurons such as cones, horizontal cells and rod bipolar cells demonstrate dramatic morphological modifications by sprouting at the age of Pw4-Pw7. Although there is no light input by photoreceptors, presynaptic markers and postsynaptic glutamate receptors are well expressed in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), suggesting that neurotransmission might take place. Moreover, the inner plexiform layer (IPL) seems not significantly affected at the age of twelve months: Both cone bipolar cells and amacrine cells are stratified normal and transmitter receptors show normal distribution: only rod bipolar cell axon terminals show alterations. The ultrastructure of conventional and ribbon synapses is comparable to the wildtype. In addition, amacrine, bipolar and ganglion cells sprout into the inner nuclear layer. In general, the immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analysis of the CNGA3-/-Rho-/- mouse indicates that neither functional photoreceptors nor light input have a stimulating effect on the expression of receptors and synaptic contacts.
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Molecular basis of Wilson's disease in Hong Kong Chinese. / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collectionJanuary 2008 (has links)
Mak, Miu. / "April 2008." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 207-230). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.
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Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degenerationHeller, Janosch Peter Dave January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in the early stage of iron-induced retinal degeneration.January 1997 (has links)
Wang Zhi-Jun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-63). / ABSTRACT --- p.VI / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter A. --- Literature review --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Retinal iron toxicity --- p.2 / Clinical siderotic retinopathy --- p.2 / Experimental siderotic retinopathy --- p.4 / Free radical involvement in siderotic retinopathy --- p.5 / Chapter 2. --- Experimental photic retinopathy in rats --- p.8 / Morphologic features --- p.8 / Free radical involvement in photic retinopathy --- p.9 / Chapter 3. --- Mechanisms of cell death --- p.9 / Necrosis --- p.10 / Apoptosis --- p.10 / Chapter B. --- Statement of the problems --- p.15 / Chapter II. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.17 / Chapter A. --- Siderotic retinopathy model --- p.17 / Animals --- p.17 / Reagents and equipment --- p.18 / Surgical procedures --- p.18 / Chapter B. --- Histochemical methods --- p.18 / Reagents and equipment --- p.19 / Paraffin sections --- p.19 / H&E staining --- p.19 / TUNEL technique --- p.20 / Schmeltzer's iron staining --- p.21 / Chinoy's ascorbic acid staining --- p.21 / Chapter C. --- Biochemical methods --- p.21 / Reagents and equipment --- p.22 / DNA gel electrophoresis --- p.22 / Analysis of ascorbic acid and uric acid --- p.23 / Chapter III. --- RESULTS --- p.24 / Chapter A. --- Observations in rats --- p.24 / Morphologic changes after H&E staining --- p.24 / Visualization of apoptosis by TUNEL technique --- p.25 / Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation --- p.26 / Negative staining of iron in the ONL --- p.27 / Positive staining of ascorbic acid in the ONL --- p.27 / Chapter B. --- Observations in rabbits --- p.27 / Positive staining of ascorbic acid in all retinal layers --- p.27 / Apoptosis occurred in all retinal layers --- p.28 / Changes of ascorbic acid and uric acid after iron implantatio --- p.28 / Chapter IV. --- DISCUSSION --- p.48 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.53 / References --- p.54
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Supraspinatus muscle elasticity measured with real time shear wave ultrasound elastography correlates with MRI spectroscopic measured amount of fatty degeneration / Analyse der fettigen Degeneration des Musculus supraspinatus durch Ultraschallelastographie und Vergleich mit MRT-SpektroskopieSchmitz, Benedikt January 2019 (has links) (PDF)
Die fettige Degeneration (FD) der Rotatorenmanschettenmuskulatur beeinflusst das funktionelle und anatomische Ergebnis nach der Rotatorenmanschettenrekonstruktion. Die MRT-basierende Abschätzung der fettigen Degeneration ist der aktuelle Goldstandard im klinischen Alltag. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die Ultraschallelastographie (EUS) lokale Unterschiede der Gewebesteifigkeit in Muskeln und Sehnen feststellen kann. Mit der Scherwellenelastographie (SWE) wurde versucht zu bestimmen, in welchem Ausmaß die Scherwellengeschwindigkeit mit den Messungen der Fettentartung verbunden war. Die MRT-spektroskopische Fettmessung wurde als Referenz verwendet, um die Fettmenge im Muskelbauch zu quantifizieren.
METHODEN:
Bei 42 Patienten wurde die SWE am dicksten Durchmesser des Supraspinatusmuskels angewendet. Anschließend wurde eine MRT-spektroskopische Fettmessung des Supraspinatusmuskels mit der SPLASH-Technik durchgeführt. Eine gelgefüllte Kapsel wurde verwendet, um die gemessene Fläche im MRT zu lokalisieren. Die mit der SWE und der spektroskopischen Fettmessung gemessenen Werte der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit wurden unter Verwendung des Pearson-Korrelationstests statistisch korreliert.
ERGEBNISSE:
Die Korrelation der mit der MRT-Spektroskopie gemessenen Fettmenge und der mit der SWE gemessenen Scherwellengeschwindigkeit betrug p = 0,82. Das spektroskopisch gemessene Fettverhältnis des Supraspinatusmuskels lag zwischen 0% und 77,41% und der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit zwischen 1,59 m / s und 5,32 m / s. Bei 4 Patienten konnte keine ausreichende Scherwellenelastographie durchgeführt werden. Diese Personen wiesen einen größeren Durchmesser des darüber liegenden Weichgewebes auf. Die mit SWE gemessene Scherwellengeschwindigkeit zeigte eine gute Korrelation mit der MRT-spektroskopischen Fettmenge des Supraspinatusmuskels.
FAZIT:
Diese vorläufigen Daten deuten darauf hin, dass SWE eine gute Methode zum Erkennen und Abschätzen der fettigen Degeneration im Supraspinatusmuskel in Echtzeit sein kann. / BACKGROUND:
Fatty Degeneration (FD) of the rotator cuff muscles influences functional and anatomical outcome after rotator cuff repair. The MRI based estimation of fatty degeneration is the gold standard. There is some evidence that Ultrasound elastography (EUS) can detect local differences of tissue stiffness in muscles and tendons. Shear-wave elastography (SWE) was evaluated to determine the extent to which shear wave velocity was associated with measures of fatty degeneration. MRI-spectroscopic fat measurement was used as a reference to quantify the amount of fat in the muscle belly.
METHODS:
Forty-two patients underwent SWE of the supraspinatus muscles at its thickest diameter. After ultrasound evaluation an MRI-spectroscopic fat measurement of the supraspinatus muscle was performed using the SPLASH-technique. A gel filled capsule was used to locate the measured area in the MRI. The values of shear wave velocity (SWV) measured with SWE and spectroscopic fat measurement were correlated statistically using Pearson's correlation test.
RESULTS:
Correlation of the fat amount measured with MRI-spectroscopy and the SWV measured with SWE was ρ =0.82. Spectroscopic measured fat ratio of the supraspinatus muscle ranged from 0% to 77.41% and SWV from 1.59 m/s to 5.32 m/s. In 4 patients no sufficient SWE could be performed, these individuals showed a larger diameter of the overlying soft tissue. SWV measured with SWE showed a good correlation with MRI spectroscopic fat amount of the supraspinatus muscle.
CONCLUSION:
These preliminary data suggest that SWE may be a sufficient tool in detecting and estimating the amount of fatty degeneration in the supraspinatus muscle in real time.
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of iris pigment epithelial cells cultured on surface modified expanded-polytetrafluorethylene substrates as a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal degeneration年申, Nian, Shen January 2013 (has links)
Retinal degenerative diseases are diseases that may severely affect vision of people at different ages. These include retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The current treatments for these diseases are limited. Since dysfunction and atrophy of the RPE are the key factors in the development of retinal degenerative diseases, transplantation of healthy retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells might be a promising therapeutic strategy. However, homologous RPE cells may lead to host immune rejection and harvesting autologous RPE cells may cause severe complications. Autologous iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells, which are relatively easy to obtain, possess the same embryonic origin and share similar characteristics as RPE cells. Therefore, they may be used as a substitute of RPE cells for transplantation. Increasing interests have been demonstrated with the use of substrate to support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, so that transplanted cells could maintain the differentiated phenotype and perform their normal functions. However, degradation of biodegradable substrates may cause the breakdown of functional cell monolayer and produce toxic byproducts. Therefore, the aim of current study is to investigate the in vitro characteristics of rat IPE cells cultured on surface modified non-degradable expanded-polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) substrates and host response to the substrates without cells.
Primary pure IPE cells were successfully isolated from rat eyes, which provided abundant cells for subsequent experiments. IPE cells harvested from both Long Evans rats and Dark Agouti rats proliferated and reached confluence on fibronectin coated n-heptylamine modified (F-HA) ePTFE substrates. These cells exhibited cuboidal or polygonal morphology with heavy pigmentation. In addition to the typical epithelial cell morphology, rat IPE cells grown on F-HA ePTFE substrates were able to form a cell monolayer with functional formation of tight junctional complex between neighboring cells. The IPE cell monolayers also demonstrated increased phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) with time and expression of cellular retinylaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) that served an important role in the conversion of all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal in visual cycle.
In the in vivo study, F-HA ePTFE substrate was successfully transplanted into the subretinal space of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat, which is a well-recognized animal model of retinal degeneration. The F-HA ePTFE substrate remained flat up to 4 weeks after transplantation and did not induce significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1β as well as activation of Müller cells and astrocytes which occurred in response to retinal inflammation.
In conclusion, rat IPE cells that were grown on F-HA ePTFE substrate were able to establish a monolayer with functional tight junctions and RPE-specific functions. The F-HA ePTFE substrate demonstrated good biocompatibility in the subretinal space of RCS rats. These findings provide a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal degeneration. / published_or_final_version / Anatomy / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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