This paper reviews and summarizes the literature that has concentrated on budget consolidations and their fiscal and economic effects. The issue of fiscal adjustments has again gained importance due to the recent economic crisis and the resulting fiscal imbalances. The existing literature shows that there may be some factors that influence the fiscal and economic impact depending on the methods used and the underlying assumptions. Referring to the fiscal impact of consolidations, this paper concludes that the composition of the adjustment is the most influential factor in reducing public deficits and debt. This result is in line with other recent literature surveys. Other factors mentioned in the underlying studies include the specialization in certain expenditure areas like public administration and social security, the size of the adjustment, the initial state of public finances and the economy before consolidation, fiscal rules, political and monetary institutions. In contrast to the fiscal effects, the results of the studies concentrating on economic effects vary substantially. Since the early 90's there has been a lively debate about the possibility of non-Keynesian effects after consolidations. Despite the fact that there is no consensus about possible expansive effects of consolidations, this paper concludes that a substantial share of the previous work finds that large negative effects do not necessarily have to prevail. Whether these reversed effects are strong enough to turn restrictive effects into expansive ones depends on different factors, which are similar to those mentioned before in the fiscal effects context. (author's abstract)

International Natural Gas Trade Project, Center for Energy Policy Research, Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. / Final report; / Series from publisher's list. / Includes bibliographical references.

by James C. Meehan. / Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references. / Research support from the Center for Energy Policy Research of the MIT Energy Laboratory.

Submitted by Izabel Monteiro (izabel_22@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-13T15:32:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Anne Carolina Marinho Dirane.pdf: 21327336 bytes, checksum: ac3d7b64e5658201097449f7f2e49fdf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-06-13T15:36:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Anne Carolina Marinho Dirane.pdf: 21327336 bytes, checksum: ac3d7b64e5658201097449f7f2e49fdf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-06-13T15:39:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Anne Carolina Marinho Dirane.pdf: 21327336 bytes, checksum: ac3d7b64e5658201097449f7f2e49fdf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T15:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Anne Carolina Marinho Dirane.pdf: 21327336 bytes, checksum: ac3d7b64e5658201097449f7f2e49fdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The erosion process comprehension is essential to prevent and conservation of the soil, in this matter the present study has main objective of mapping the Gully–type erosion incisions and the geo-environmental characterization of the Road- AM-010, which connect Manus to the municipalities of Rio Preto da Eva and Itacoatiara. Having the following specifics objectives: Map and quantify of the gullies during the course of the road AM-010; identify the morphology and morphometry (width, length and depth) of the gullies and erosion features, evolution and growth rate, emphasizing the slope characteristics; identify the capacity of infiltrations and the soil resistance to penetration; describe the geo environmental aspects through the road. The methodological procedures were divided in: bibliography review, fieldwork and data analyze. To characterize the slopes, were observed shape, gradient and orientation. The techniques consisted in observations in loco, notes at cadastral file, use of compass, measuring tape and sketching. It was use parameters to estimate the size and risk scale. The infiltrometer was used to measure the infiltration rate and penetromter the measure the soil resistance to penetration. The results show the mapping of 15 gullies though the road AM-010, showing that the gully located at the km 135 has the greatest length (227,5 m), the greatest width is located at the km 104 (24 m) and greatest depth (9 m) at the km 125. The incision that showed the higest infiltration rate is located at the km 137 (15) and the lowest rate was gullies no5 (km 116), regarding the soil resistance the incision that showed the most compacted surface was the incision no5 (km 116), when associated to results of the infiltration test indicate a compacted surface, allowing the runoff. The occurrence of the incisions is connected to the infrastructure construction (paving and pluvial drainage), as well to the geomorphology. The sections that have concentration of gullies as sections that do not obey the local geomorphology. / A compreensão do processo erosivo é fundamental para a prevenção e conservação do solo, nesse sentido o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal o mapeamento das incisões erosivas do tipo voçoroca e caracterização geoambiental na rodovia AM-010, que liga Manaus aos municípios de Rio Preto da Eva e Itacoatiara. Tendo comoobjetivos específicos foram o mapeamento e quantificação das voçorocas ao longo da rodovia AM-010; identificação da morfologia e morfometria (largura, comprimento e profundidade) das voçorocas e feições erosivas, evolução e taxa de crescimento, destacando as características das vertentes; identificação da capacidade de infiltração e resistência do solo à penetração; descrição dos aspectos geoambientais ao longo da rodovia. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram divididos em: revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo e análise dos dados. Para caracterização das vertentes, foram observadas: forma, declividade e orientação. As técnicas consistiram em observações diretas em campo, anotações em ficha cadastral, utilização de bussola, trena e croqui. Foram utilizados parâmetros para mensurar o tamanho e a escala de risco. O infiltrômetro foi utilizado para medir a taxa de infiltração e o penetrômetro de impacto para medir a resistência do solo a penetração. Os resultados mostram o mapeamento de 15 voçorocas ao longo da rodovia AM-010, mostrando que a voçoroca localizada no km 135 é a que possui o maior comprimento (227,5 m), a voçoroca com maior largura situa-se no km 104 (24 m) e a com maior profundidade (9 m) no km 125. A incisão que apresentou a maior taxa de infiltração foi a voçoroca do km 137 (15) e a com menor taxa a voçoroca 5 (km 116), quanto a resistência do solo a penetração a incisão que apresentou a superfície mais compactada foi a incisão 5 (km 116), que associada ao teste de infiltração denunciam uma superfície bastante compactada, favorecendo o escoamento superficial concentrado. A ocorrência das incisões está ligadas às obras de infraestrutura ao longo da rodovia (pavimentação e drenagem pluvial), bem como a geomorfologia, os trechos em que há concentração de voçorocas são os trechos da estrada que não obedecem a geomorfologia do local.

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Der Vortrag skizziert am Beispiel der Sächsischen Bibliografie online Möglichkeiten der Zusammenarbeit zwischen der im Fachinformationsdienst Geschichtswissenschaft historicum.net entstehenden Deutschen Historischen Bibliografie und den in Deutschland erarbeiteten Landes- und Regionalbibliografien. Er wurde am 27. Oktober 2017 im Rahmen des Workshops 'Deutsche Historische Bibliografie. Präsentation, Partner und Perspektiven' am Institut für Zeitgeschichte München gehalten. Die Präsentation wurde für die Veröffentlichung überarbeitet.

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Ulrich Johannes Schneider wurde an der Universitätsbibliothek Leipig zum Open-Access-Befürworter. Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum Abschied und weiter so!