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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Psychiatry and scientific method : problems of validating causal hypotheses in psychotherapeutic contexts

Dash, Michael Edward January 2001 (has links)
Adolf Grunbaum and others have criticised Freudian Psychoanalysis (FPA) methodologically, because of the potential inferential liabilities of testing causal psychoanalytic claims in the interview sessions. Also, Grunbaum has prescribed scientific experimentation (especially prospective group-comparison studies) as the best means of overcoming these methodological deficiencies. I argue, firstly, that the opportunities for making reliable inferences (including some causal ones) in psychotherapeutic interviews are better than Grunbaum canvasses, though I do this for a theoretically weaker form of psychodynamic psychology than FPA (i.e. General Psychotherapeutic Counselling, or GPC). Secondly, 1 argue that there are substantial problems with and limitations of experimental methodology, both in itself and when applied to test the specific kinds of hypotheses psychotherapists are interested in. Grunbaum and others fail to draw adequate attention to the generic problems of experimentation. I argue that insofar as the acquisition of psychological knowledge is concerned, it is legitimate to distinguish two broad categories of inductive processes capable of providing it: (i) folk-psychological (or FP-) reasoning; and (ii) experimentation (including epidemiology). (By 'FP-reasoning' I mean the largely inherent capacity that human beings have for making inferences about the psychology of others or themselves, in folk-psychological terms.) I argue that FP-reasoning is in some respects inductively superior to experimentation. If this is correct, there ought to be no automatic methodological priority granted to experimentation in psychology and psychiatry. Various topics related to the above are developed. For example; (i) some problems of the practical application to the psychotherapeutic domain of a principle of causal relevance (provided by Grunbaum) are examined; (ii) a sketch for a model of testing for causal relevance in the special case of insults (provided by Grunbaum) is criticised, and an alternative model is proposed; (iii) some general problems of justifying FP knowledge-claims are discussed, and sceptical attitudes towards the acquisition of folk-psychological knowledge are criticised.
2

Freud on time and timelessness : the ancient Greek influence

Noel-Smith, Kelly Ann January 2014 (has links)
This thesis turns on two assumptions: first, that there is a current absence within the psychoanalytic library of a consolidated account of Freud's theories of time and timelessness; second, that there is compelling evidence of an influence by the ancient Greek canon on Freud's metapsychology of time. The thesis is that a detailed examination of this influence will bring additional clarity to our understanding of Freud’s thoughts about time and timelessness and permit the provision of the currently lacking systematic account of this part of his theory. The author brings the three components of the Greek canon most important to Freud - myth, tragedy and philosophy – into dialogue with psychoanalysis to show the importance of their influence on Freud's ideas on temporality. The dialogue permits novel conclusions to be drawn about Freud's theory of temporality generally and Freud's views on how we acquire time in particular.
3

The survival of the object : does Winnicott's work constitute a paradigm shift in psychoanalysis?

Abram, Jan January 2004 (has links)
This context statement provides a critical overview of my work on D.W. Winnicott, as seen in the submitted works, and demonstrates that my critical orientation develops the field, and thus justifies my claim for the award of PhD by published works. To provide a background to my work, I begin with an outline of the context in which my work on Winnicott emerged. This is followed by a brief presentation of the publications of D.W.Winnicott to illustrate the nature of my task in organising his work. I introduce a summary of the submitted works and show how they relate to each other. I begin the second section with a concise account of the evolution of psychoanalysis that results in a Freudian paradigm, in order to illustrate the context out of which Winnicotfs work evolved. This is followed by a résumé of the principal theories in Winnicott's work to show that my comprehensive organisation of the themes and concepts provides a demonstration that Winnicott's theoretical matrix extends psychoanalytic thought and proves him to be one of the most significant innovators in psychoanalysis since Freud. This section is an exemplification that my work on Winnicott, as seen in the main volume of the submitted works - The Language of Winnicott- and elaborated by the other submitted works - constitutes an original contribution to knowledge. I further my claim for a PhD by published works by showing that in addition to my organisation of Winnicott's work I make a step towards extending Winnicott's theory through my introduction of the notion of a "surviving object. In The Lanauaae of Winnicott I lay stress on two fundamental concepts at the heart of Winnicott's theoretical matrix - 'the use of an object and violation of the self. In my clinical paper, Squiggles, clowns and Catherine Wheels, I discuss further these core concepts and show how they allude to the beginning of a new concept - "the surviving object”. Here I elaborate this concept with reference to my clinical work. This section offers further evidence that my original contribution to knowledge, as seen in the submitted works and underpinned by this statement, advances the field for future research in Winnicott's theories. In the third section I explore my development as a researcher and describe my methodology in writing the submitted works. I discuss my style of learning and the value of my trainings in psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, and comment on the distinction between the psychoanalytic paradigm I carry with me in my clinical practice and the research paradigm I make use of in my research. This is followed by a reflection on the limitations of my research and I conclude this context statement with an outline of the consequences of my work. Thus the submitted works, in conjunction with this statement, affirm that my work on Winnicott provides a way of thinking through the question concerning a Wìnnicottian paradigm shift in psychoanalysis.
4

Of two minds : the uneasy relationship between psychoanalysis and postcolonial theory

Greedharry, Mrinalini January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
5

Envy and learning : a psychoanalytic observational study of a group in education

Stamenova, Kalina January 2013 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to explore from a theoretical and empirical perspective manifestation of primary envy in education and to build up an empirical methodology to differentiate the occurrences of aggression stemming from envy from occurrences of aggression stemming from frustration. The first part of the thesis discusses the theoretical framework of the study. I describe the main psychoanalytic concepts, which have informed the research. I investigate the psychoanalytic understanding of symbolization; verbal thought and language; introjection and projection from an objects relations perspective. A particular focus of the theoretical part is the concept of the unconscious phantasy of primary envy and its role in obstructing and destroying learning. Based on the theory I have extracted specific criteria. In order to test these constructs, I conducted a psychoanalytically informed observation of a group of adult learners. The empirical part of the investigation has generated three kinds of interlinked data: (a) the objective observation, (b) the subjective triangulation with the objective, and (c) the supervisory discussions. The data was tested against two sets of criteria that aimed to differentiate aggressive attacks stemming from envy from aggressive attacks stemming from frustration. The research is exploratory and aims to elucidate the occurrences of the two types of aggression in educational settings.
6

Unsupervised categorisation and cross-classification in humans and rats

Close, James Owen Edward January 2009 (has links)
This thesis examines how stimulus similarity structure and the statistical properties of the environment influence human and nonhuman animal categorisation. Two aspects of categorisation behaviour are explored: unsupervised (spontaneous) categorisation and stimulus cross-classification. In my General Introduction, I raise the issue of the respective roles of similarity and the classifier in determining categorisation behaviour. In Chapter 1, I review previous laboratory-based unsupervised categorisation research, which shows an overwhelming bias for unsupervised classification based on a single feature. Given the prominent role of overall similarity (family resemblance) in theories of human conceptual structure, I argue that this bias for unidimensional classification is likely an artefact. One factor in producing this artefact, I suggest, are the biases that exist within the similarity structure of laboratory stimuli. Consequently, Chapter 2 examines if it is possible to predict unidimensional versus multidimensional classification based solely on abstract similarity structure. Results show that abstract similarity structure commands a strong influence over participants' unsupervised classification behaviour (although not always in the manner predicted), and a bias for multidimensional unsupervised classification is reported. In Chapter 3, I examine unsupervised categorisation more broadly, by investigating how stimulus similarity structure influences spontaneous classification in both humans and rats. In this way, evidence is sought for human-like spontaneous classification behaviour in rats. Results show that humans and rats show qualitatively different patterns of behaviour following incidental stimulus exposure that should encourage spontaneous classification. In Chapter 4,1 investigate whether rats exhibit another important aspect of human categorisation namely, stimulus cross-classification. Results show that the statistical properties of the environment can engender such cognitively flexible behaviour in rats. Overall, the results of this thesis document the important influence of stimulus similarity structure and the statistical properties of the environment on human and nonhuman animal behaviour.
7

The theory of fantasy and the visual imagination in the English school of psychoanalysis

Clarkson, Jonathan January 1997 (has links)
No description available.
8

Status and culture moderate emotional and behavioural reactions to email norm violations in higher education, healthcare and international business : a cross cultural study

Almaleky, Atiah January 2017 (has links)
Background: Communication via email plays an increasingly vital role in all work settings, particularly in those which are cross-cultural and culturally diverse, where employees with different cultural backgrounds and professional status groups must interact effectively to achieve individual and organisational goals. This is particularly important in the increasingly culturally diverse organisations within the healthcare, higher education and business sectors, which necessitate cultural intelligence and competence in effective communication, especially in the essential requirement of email communication, in which reactions to email violations in different cultures can differ. Study 1 tests a conceptual model in the higher education (HE) and healthcare (HC) sectors in the UK and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with the aim of exploring whether the cultural background and work status of both email sender and receiver have any moderation and interaction effects on the receiver's cognitive attributions, emotional and behavioural reactions to email violation caused by technical errors and etiquette violation. Study 2 tests a revised conceptual model which includes the additional moderating factors of global identity, trust, extraversion and emotional stability, applied to the international business sector in the context of work status, with regard to social identity theory and appraisal theory (concerning in-group and outgroup members). Method: Both studies employed a 2 (cultural background: same/different) x 3 (work status: high/same/low) experimental design, Study 1 in higher education (N=443) and healthcare (N=411), and Study 2 in international business (N=744), using a cross-sectional survey questionnaire containing an email violation vignette, which included technical errors and etiquette violation. Six experimental variations of this vignette were randomised to participants, to vary the email sender's cultural background and work status. Study 1 Findings: All the participants perceived email violation, with different effects recorded by those in the KSA and the UK, with the KSA participants (more collectivistic and higher power distance culture) reporting stronger negative emotional and behavioural reactions towards email violation than the UK participants. A similar culture negative bias was evident in the UK sample, increasing the effect of anger on the tendency to move against an email sender when from the same culture as the receiver, whereas the KSA participants reacted more favourably towards the same-culture sender, increasing the effect of happiness on the tendency to comply with the sender's request. When comparing country of origin and sector, there was a moderating effect of higher status negative bias in the UK HC, with a higher-status sender increasing the effect of anger on the tendency to move against the sender, but reducing its effect on the tendency to move away from the sender, whereas the sender's status did not moderate the reactions of the KSA HC sample. In addition, it was found that the effects of anger and guilt on the move against tendency were enhanced by lower-status sender (a lower-status negative bias) and reduced by higher-status sender in the KSA HE, whereas the sender's status did not moderate the reactions of the UK HE sample, in which higher levels of anger and guilt, and lower levels of s happiness, liking and positive attributions mediated the relationship between perceived violation and negative behavioural reactions. Study 2 Findings: In the international business sample, it was found that high global identity, and high dispositional and organisational trust reduced the recipients' negative emotional and behavioural reactions to email violation, suggesting that these factors have a positive impact on email communication in international business. The findings from these studies therefore show that email communication is, in fact, influenced by multiple factors affecting how the sender is perceived and how the recipient reacts. Consequently, this complexity in the dynamics of email communication highlights the need to train professionals in appropriate email etiquette across all organisational sectors, focusing on the necessity to control any negative emotional and behavioural reactions towards a perceived email violation, as this could be harmful to professional inter-group relationships and outcomes. Keywords: Cultural background, work status, email communication, email norm violation, experiment, social identity theory, self-categorisation, in-group, outgroup, SIDE model, appraisal theory, attributions, dispositional trust, organisational trust emotional reactions, behavioural reactions, emotional stability, extraversion, global identity, local identity.
9

What is the uncanny? : a philosophical enquiry

Windsor, Mark January 2016 (has links)
From Edgar Allan Poe's macabre tales of mystery, to David Lynch's nightmarish visions of American suburbia, to Rachel Whitread's haunting casts of interior spaces, the uncanny represents a significant aspect of art and culture. Following Freud's famous essay on the topic, the uncanny is typically characterised as an unsettling ambivalence between the familiar and the unfamiliar. But beyond this broad characterisation, it seems that no one is able to say exactly what the uncanny is. This thesis aims to plug this gap by offering an original account of the uncanny. While I reject Freud's theory of the uncanny in terms of the 'return of the repressed', I develop aspects of Freud's more often overlooked theory of 'surmounted primitive beliefs'. I use philosophy of emotion to provide a framework for defining the uncanny-specifying the way that an object is experienced by the individual such that it elicits the emotion of uncanniness. What all uncanny phenomena share in common is that they are incongruous relative to what is believed to be possible: waxwork figures appear to be both animate and inanimate; doppelgangers and twins appear to be the same individual; strange coincidences appear to not merely be coincidences. This incongruity causes an uncertain threat to one's grasp of reality. I define the uncanny as an anxious uncertainty about what is real caused by an apparent impossibility. I elaborate the definition by examining in detail each of the four key concepts that comprise it: reality, impossibility, uncertainty, and anxiety. I discuss fictional cases where the object is not experienced as real, but rather fictionally experienced as real. I discuss two subsets of uncanny phenomena, which I call 'uncanny narratives' and 'uncanny pictures'. And finally, by way of conclusion, I offer some brief remarks on the 'paradox of the uncanny'- the question of why, when the uncanny is essentially a negative emotion, it is also something that we often find attractive.
10

Positive emotion reactivity in mild to moderate depression

Howley, S. A. January 2013 (has links)
Aims: This review paper examines the recent literature on the efficacy of positive psychological interventions (PPIs) at treating low mood and increasing positive affect for adults with dysphoric mood. Potential mechanisms underlying these interventions are also explored. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies which empirically tested the efficacy of PPIs. Inclusion criteria were papers reporting empirical studies of specific PPIs compared to a control group with pre- and post- measures of negative and positive affect. Results: 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, PPIs were efficacious in alleviating dysphoric mood and enhancing positive affect. Moderating and mediating factors were also identified, including personality traits, participant goals and motivations, clinical versus non-clinical samples and format of intervention delivery. There was some evidence that specific PPIs do not perform better than non-specific positive skills tasks. Conclusions: PPIs may enhance positive affect through a non-specific mechanism involving the activation of positive representations of self and others. Recently developed positive cognitive interventions hypothesised specific mechanisms of action relating to “broaden and build” theory (Frederickson et al., 1998, 2002) and competitive memory retrieval (Brewin, 2006). However it is still unclear whether there are different treatment responses to PPIs in non-clinical versus clinical samples that may relate to different ways of processing self-referent information.

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