ABSTRACT DESIGN OF A MECHANISM FOR OPENING HACTHBACK CAR BAGGAGE DOOR Duran, Yusuf M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Eres S&ouml / ylemez September 2009, 65 Pages In this thesis, a new mechanism design for opening hatchback-car baggage door is introduced. Unlike the classical hinged doors used, this new design will include a mechanism so that the door will be opened vertically and thus occupy less space behind the car during the opening. In this fashion even the hatchback doors of closely parked cars may be opened. First, considering type synthesis, different mechanism types are investigated. In dimensional synthesis, with the help of Burmester theory, motion generation is applied. Using the circle and center point curves, considering link dimensions, transmission angle characteristics, branching and some order issues possible solutions that satisfy the position requirements are found. To actuate the mechanism, an appropriate gas-spring is sought. As a case study a prototype is manufactured and mounted on a sample hatchback car to check the mechanism performance.

This thesis investigates in deindustrialization process, its decline impacts and restructuring process in socio-spatial context. Both deindustrialization and restructuring processes are evaluated regarding a muti-layer conceptualization of the problem. Zonguldak Case is chosen to investigate in the deindustrialization process taken place in the mono-centric local economy dependent on coal mining, the decline impacts of this process on the whole urban set-up including labour households, the city, other economic activities and industrial, regional and urban restructuring process in response to these impacts. The study discusses diverse restructuring attempts concerning local dynamics and local characteristics of Zonguldak.

Turkey is one of the leading tourism countries of the world. Tourism contributes to not only national economy but also regional development. Turkey has adhered to several international conventions regarding economic, socio-cultural and environmental sustainability. Nonetheless, since the onset of the 1980s, Tourism Encouragement Law&rsquo / s main policies, along with the globalization and privatization, have developed mass tourism in Turkey, and led to continuous damage on the natural environment. Over the last thirty years, forest lands along the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts have been eradicated and over-exploited to a greater degree through the development of large-scale, inward-oriented and exclusive tourism investments, and second-home developments. This thesis investigates the extent to which forest lands in Turkey are allocated regarding &lsquo / sustainability&rsquo / measures. It first makes a literature review on the notions of &lsquo / sustainability&rsquo / , &lsquo / sustainable development&rsquo / , &lsquo / sustainable forest management&rsquo / and &lsquo / sustainable tourism planning&rsquo / , and examines institutional, stakeholder, policy and legal dimensions of tourism planning on forest lands in Canada and Australia, widely accepted with their advanced practices in the world to draw a theoretical framework and identify main components of &lsquo / sustainability&rsquo / . Second, it analyzes how far institutional, stakeholder, policy and legal structures in Turkey have accommodated the sustainability approach, while allocating forest lands to tourism. Then, it examines the recent development story of Belek Tourism Center (BTC) in Antalya by assessing &lsquo / economic&rsquo / , &lsquo / socio-cultural&rsquo / and &lsquo / environmental&rsquo / sustainability indicators. In the final part, the thesis underlines the major shortcomings and seeks to identify main policies for &lsquo / sustainable&rsquo / allocation and use of forests for tourism in Turkey.

Entanglement is a special correlation of the quantum states of two or more particles. It is also a useful resource enabling us to complete tasks that cannot be done by classical means. As a result, the transformation of entangled states of distant particles by local means arose as an important problem in quantum information theory. In this thesis, we first review some of the studies done on the entanglement transformations. We also develop the necessary and sufficient conditions for the deterministic transformation of W-type states.

This thesis analyzes the process of proactive urban design in a theoretical framework. It asks searching questions about how built environments are conceived of, designed, delivered, protected, enhanced and managed, and it explores these by examining the proactive planning practices in Britain. It defines the proactive approach firstly as / how both the spatial policy and detailed guidance express and prescribe the desired physical form, and secondly / how this is pursued through active negotiation. While encompasses land use planning, spatial planning goes beyond physical planning with a clearly defined local vision which emphasises social, economic and environmental values. This inclusive approach defines urban design as a spatial policy describing both the form and the life of the city. It deals with how urban design infuses planning policies at all levels. The case study looks into policy mechanisms associated with the delivery of good urban design. It represents the proactive planning practice through involvement, partnership working and negotiation processes based on a sustainable community strategy. It focuses on the policies influencing design quality and how these shape the decisionmaking processes of public and private sector stakeholders resulting in better quality of built environment and a more vibrant public realm. This study examines the social structure that developed the proactive approach for best practice to become common practice. It explains the lessons to learn from the definition of spatial planning process with its context and implementation tools, even if these might not be adapted to Turkey without the same intellectual and philosophical backgrounds.

Ternary chalcopyrite compound semiconductors have received much attention as the absorbing layers in the polycrystalline thin film solar cell structures. Most widely used one is CuInSe2 and CuInGaSe2 structures, but there are some diffusion problems with copper atoms in the structure. On the other hand, AgInSe2 is promising material with several advantages over the CuInSe2. The aim of this study was to investigate and optimize the production and post-production methods of the Ag-In-Se thin film based heterostructure devices. In this study Ag-In-Se thin films were deposited on glass, ITO coated glass and Si wafer substrates by thermal evaporation and RF/DC sputtering methods. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the devices were investigated. The XRD measurements of the thermally evaporated films showed that as-grown films in amorphous nature. By annealing the films under nitrogen atmosphere, the AIS films turn to polycrystalline structure which including AgIn5Se8 and &amp / #948 / &amp / #8722 / In2Se3 multi-phases with n-type conductivity. p-Si/n-AIS heterojunctions showed very good diode behavior with 4 order rectification factor. Annealing under nitrogen atmosphere decreased the series resistance of the devices and calculated solar cell conversion efficiency and fill factor of devices increased up to n=2.6% and FF=63, respectively. The XRD measurements of layer-by-layer sputtered AIS films were showed that as-grown films amorphous in nature. The AIS thin films were annealed at 300oC temperature under selenium ambient and mono-phase AgInSe2 with desired p-type conductivity were obtained. n-Si/p-AIS heterojunctions showed very good diode behaviors with 6 order rectification factor. The results of the study showed that AIS thin film has a photoresponce maximum which is exactly matching with solar photon energy maxima. High series resistance of the devices increases the recombination in the junction and this results in the lower solar conversion efficiency. The adequate electrical, optical and structural properties of the AIS thin films reveals that p-AIS thin films could be used as a solar cell absorber layer with an appropriate window layer, such as CdS.

The main concern of this thesis is to evaluate the land-cut as an alternative urban design tool instead of landfill in the creation of shore in waterfront areas in terms of improving space quality, increasing the shoreline length for the use and benefit of public, decreasing the risks of natural disasters while increasing the marine ecosystem and habitat, and promoting the development of the land economy. The development of the idea dates back to an urban design studio study carried out in 2005 in Eceabat, &Ccedil / anakkale by Middle East Technical University Urban Design Master Program. During the study, it was observed that the interaction of small town of Eceabat with water was partially blocked by a seaside road and a ferry port created by landfill. Therefore, the ways of integrating the town life with water was searched and in the design schemes proposed after the analyses, the possibility to create a new shore by land-cut method in Eceabat was evaluated. Within this framework, the possibility of using land-cut method is evaluated in a more detailed case study of KuSdili Meadow and KuSdili Stream (Kurbagali v Dere) located in Kadik&ouml / y, Istanbul where there is a potential to create urban space with an approach which has not been used so far in Turkey. Prior to the analysis, the life near waterside has been studied in order to clarify how people from different geographies developed settlements near waterside and how those settlements existed with water. The reasons and the problematic of landfill has been evaluated with specific examples in order to put forward from what aspects the use of an alternative method be considered is necessary. Therefore, the legal and administrative aspects which resulted in the creation of landfills as problematic spaces on the waterside have also been discussed. At the end of the study, the potentiality of the site has been studied to find out from various urban design aspects with a specific reference to the applicability of land-cut method. Therefore, the analysis of the site has been carried out. And the thesis has shown that land-cut may possibly be an alternative to landfill in the development of waterside urban spaces from various spatial, social, and economic aspects.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between the ownership issues and the conservation of historical housing areas, which is still an ongoing problem in Turkey. The study was carried out with respect to the local and international conservation approaches, as well as three urban conservation experiments from Turkey and Italy. Istanbul - Zeyrek World Heritage Area was taken as a case study to understand further on the issue. Approaches of international authorities on urban conservation such as UNESCO and European Council, and existing conservation legislation in Turkey were studied in relation with the concept of ownership and integration of property owners into the conservation process. Besides, recent changes in Turkish conservation legislation were studied and criticized from the same perspective. Three urban conservation experiences, &ldquo / Renovation of the Historic Center of the City of Bologna&rdquo / from Italy, &ldquo / Rehabilitation of Fener and Balat Districts Programme&rdquo / and &ldquo / TarlabaSi Urban Renewal Project&rdquo / from Istanbul Turkey were also studied within the frame of this study. These practices supplied information about how property owners&rsquo / integration into the process effects conservation of urban environments, from three different perspectives. Zeyrek World Heritage Area is a conservation area with monumental buildings from Byzantine Period and timber houses from Ottoman Period. Although many conservation plans concerning the area has been prepared, historical building stock of the area is in danger. Conservation problems and opportunities of the area were investigated by analysis and social and economic research in the area. At the end of the study, with reference to the experiences discussed, it was emphasized that Zeyrek World Heritage Area could be conserved, with an approach considering property owners within existing social and economic conditions of Zeyrek and current conservation legislation.

A snacks company / that manufactures potato, corn and corn grain chips constructed an anaerobic co-digestion facility (ACF) having a total volume of 4200 m3. The process involved anaerobic co-digestion of anaerobic sludge from its wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), along with organic waste generated in the plant. The anaerobic co-digestion process had two products / 60 % methane containing biogas, and digestate with improved fertilizer characteristics compared to raw organic waste. Produced biogas was being utilized in a co-generation plant, where electricity and heat was produced. The main objective of this study was to enhance biogas production of the ACF. Two routes were followed for this purpose / first being the investigation of OLR effects in an experimental set-up / and second being the assessment of ACF&rsquo / s biogas production performance through observation of biogas production rate, and OLR. Results obtained from the experiments conducted were used to improve ACF&rsquo / s OLR regime. Experimenting with Organic Loading Rates of 3.3 / 5.3 and 6.4 kg VS/m3.d / biogas production rates of 114 L/d / 207 L/d and 246 L/d have been obtained respectively. Related biogas yield values have been found out as 0.396 / 0.431 and 0.200 L/g VS added. Based on the results of the experimental study, two conclusions were drawn: OLR of 5.3 kg VS/m3.d resulted in the highest biogas production rate, and an OLR of 6.4 kg VS/m3.d inhibited the mixed anaerobic cultures and thus biogas production capacity. Regarding the studies realized in real size ACF / adjusting the loading regime and increasing the average OLR from 1.8 kg VS / m3.d to 3 kg VS / m3.d resulted an increase of 50% in the biogas production rate / that would result in an annual greenhouse gas saving of 1,534,250 m3 .

In this thesis, We have calculated the optimized geometries, electronic structures and spin distributions of metal and non-metal elements Li, Na, N and P doped C60 fullerene dimers and trimers with different spin multiplicities using hybrid density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G level of theory. Natural population analysis and Mulliken population analysis show that non-metal elements (N, P) inside the C60 fullerene dimers and trimers are well isolated and preserve their electronic structures while charge transfer processes occur between metal elements(Li, Na) and C60 structures. Energy calculations showed that both doped and undoped linear C60 structures are energetically lower than triangular C60 structures. Calculated spin density distributions make non-metal doped C60 structures advantageous over metal doped C60 cages as spin cluster qubits.