No description available.

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Within fifty years of its foundation in 1726 the Edinburgh Medical School had become the pre-emjnent centre of medical education in the English speaking world. This pre-eminence was part of the cultural movement known as the Scottish Enlightenment. What is attempted here is an elucidation of the intellectual content of the medicine taught at Edinburgh during the period 1726-1776 and the relation of its specific features to the changing Scottish social and philosophical context. When the School was founded its comprehensive curriculum was virtually a copy of that created by Hermann Boerhaave at Leyden. The professors at Edinburgh taught that medicine was a systematic body of knowledge which was to be learned synthetically, beginning with Newtonian natural philosophy. The establishment of Boerhaave's medical system in Edinburgh signified the increasing power in the city of pro-union,improvement minded Scots committed to the values of the Enlightenment. The Edinburgh medical courses on offer in the 1770s had overall similarity with those of the earlier period. The professors still taught that medicine was a systematic discipline which should be based on natural philosophy. However the foreign, Boerhaavian system had been rejected by all of them in favour of idiosyncratic medical systems which had many features in common with each other. Surgery, pathological anatomy, nosology, nosography, and a nervous physiology had all become more prominent in the teaching. Scepticism as the predominant attitude to medical knowledge. Besides relating these elements to intellectual changes in European medicine generally, I have tried to shov how they were shaped by particular local considerations. Further I also attempt to display how specific systematic differences, such as that between John Gregory and William Cullen, indicate differing allegiances to different Scottish philosophical and social groups.

No description available.

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by Robert M. Freund. / Bibliography: p. 33.

Tesis para optar al título de Antropóloga Social

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The name of Sir David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes has always been known to students of Scottish history by reason of his 'Annals of Scotland', long accepted as a fundamental reference book for that period of Scottish history which it covers. It is safe to say, however that few of his other historical publications are now read. Those familiar with the anti-Gibbon literature also know him as one of Gibbon's most respected critics, while the recent studies of the 18th Century revival of interest in early and medieval literature have revealed his key position in this movement, both as an editor, and as an adviser and helper to others. In the legal profession, he was highly thought of as a lawyer and judge, and the number and importance of his correspondents testify to his wide acquaintance and high reputation amongst men of learning. Despite all this, no full account of the man and his work has previously been made, although there have been several unfinished attempts. [...] An attempt has been made to fit Hailes into the cultural and social background of his times, and to make some estimate of the influence and importance of his published work, with particular reference to the fields of history and literature. Much of the basic research in this thesis was done in compiling Appendices A and B. No reliable list of Hailes's publications has ever been drawn up, and Appendix A is a serious attempt to fill this gap. A complete check-list of Hailes's extant correspondence has not been attempted previously and Appendix B is designed to supply this omission.

Orientador: Roberto Romano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T21:10:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_PedroWagner_D.pdf: 13091114 bytes, checksum: a18d10b3c35a6c8bb28a4597dbdeee8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: James Hutton, 1726-1797, pensador e naturalista britânico, contribuiu para diversificados assuntos de filosofia e ciência. Ele foi algumas vezes considerado apenas teórico e alheio aos problemas práticos de sua época. Nesta tese, defendo interpretação contrária: esse autor realizou uma cuidadosa reflexão sobre problemas práticos e teóricos de seu tempo e nunca lhe bastou a simplicidade, a explicação rápida ou desprovida de bases empíricas. Em todos os campos que seus escritos se referem, a análise das aparências é parte crucial de sua doutrina. Leitor atento de seus contemporâneos e da antigüidade clássica, reinterpretou o mundo baseado na síntese entre fórmulas gerais, correntes em sua época, e na coleta de dados nos campos natural e social. Quais foram os campos principais a que se dedicou, quais eram suas referências culturais e como Hutton se situa no cenário filosófico? Persegui equacionar estes problemas no desenrolar de minha pesquisa. Para tanto, levantei e descrevi as manifestações das imagens analógicas largamente usadas pelo mencionado autor principalmente em seus escritos cosmo lógicos e filosóficos. O emprego destas metáforas aclara que tais noções migram intensamente da análise moral para a natural e vice versa. Seu compromisso com o experimento conduziu-o à noção científica de virtude nos estudos morais e sociais. A virtude se baseou sobre a análise científica da sociedade e sua teoria da analogia projetou uma concepção otimista sobre o futuro da ciência, do homem e da filosofia. Por meio de sua linguagem, Hutton revelou os débitos com o pensamento moderno e com a antigüidade clássica / Abstract: In the second half of eighteenth century, James Hutton (1726-1797), a British naturalist, developed different subjects in science and philosophy and he has been recognized as a leader of modem geology. Although he was sometimes considered merely a theoretical philosopher and an alien man in front of the practical problems of his time. I defend opposite interpretation: he was a careful thinker conceming practical and theoretical questions and he never accepted the simplicity of quick answers or insufficient empirical data. AlI themes which he dedicated are references to analyse appearances as the crucial part of his doctrines. He was attentive reader of his contemporaries and of the classical antiquity and from them he lent many concepts but he made general formula with them to interpret his own epoch. These general formula were reunited with a large colIection of data in natural and social subjects. Which were his main subjects and intelIectual interests, which were his cultural references and how Hutton locate him .in philosophical scenery? I folIowed to enlighten these questions by means ofmetaphors which were presented by Hutton's original texts, I mainly explored the notion of ~alogy. I privileged the diversified use of the analogy in natural and cosmological subjects. I show up as some notions migrated from natural analysis to moral subjects and vice versa: there is a exchange of the concepts between these two fields. His compromise with the experiment leaded him to the scientific notion of virtue in social and moral studies. Hutton's theory of analogy was applied to base on the scientific analysis of society. He used his knowledge of natural history and chemistry and he projected the optimism of Enlightenment era. He simultaneously revealed his debts with JoOO Locke, David Hume and classical thinkers (mainly of the Stoics) / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia