SILVA, Rafael Ricarte da. A capitania do Siará Grande nas dinâmicas do império português: política sesmarial, guerra justa e formação de uma elite conquistadora (1679-1720). 2016. 264f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-31T12:34:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_rrsilva.pdf: 3100723 bytes, checksum: 5e8a9b49d8309d81c8118bcc2a0f2d64 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-31T12:39:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_rrsilva.pdf: 3100723 bytes, checksum: 5e8a9b49d8309d81c8118bcc2a0f2d64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T12:39:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_rrsilva.pdf: 3100723 bytes, checksum: 5e8a9b49d8309d81c8118bcc2a0f2d64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This dissertation aims to analyze the formation of a conquering elite in the captaincy of Siará Grande between 1679 and 1720, considering that the process of conquest of the captaincy was part of the political and economic conjuncture of affirmation of the domains of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, in the face of the competition presented by other Modern States from the early seventeenth century onwards. The formation of this conquering elite was based on the fraying of the relationship between the State and the society; as far as the context of war against the gentiles, the affirmation of the territorial controls and the provision of services to the Portuguese Crown allowed the social experience of the historical subjects involved to overlap the regulations imposed by the metropolis itself, as it is evident in the allotments awarded due to the participation in the just war against the gentiles, breaking the legal standards, in the arrangements of the administration of the land by the captain-generals and in the conflict between the owners of the sesmarias, local government and the judge of the sesmarias, Cristóvão Soares Reimão, in the process of measurement and demarcation of the captaincy’s land. It is advocated the hypothesis that the effective conquest of Siará Grande capitancy was fully part of the portuguese policy in a context of redefinitions of the imperial hegemonies in Europe and in the colonial areas and used the concession of benefits (mercês) – such as military ranks, distinctive titles, administrative positions and, mainly, allotments (sesmarias) – as the way to recruit the colonial agents. The documental sources of the dissertation consists of loose manuscripts from the Overseas Council (regarding the captaincies of Siará Grande, Rio Grande, Pernambuco, Maranhão e Paraíba), legislations concerning to sesmarias (Ordinances, Decrees, Licenses and Royal Charters), sesmarias letters and records of benefits (mercês) from the Torre do Tombo National Archive. / Esta tese busca analisar a formação de uma elite conquistadora na Capitania do Siará Grande entre os anos de 1679 e 1720, entendendo que o processo de conquista territorial da capitania fez parte da conjuntura política e econômica de afirmação dos domínios do Império ultramarino português perante a concorrência de outros Estados Modernos a partir do limiar do século XVII. A formação desta elite conquistadora foi fundamentada a partir do esgarçamento da relação entre Estado e sociedade na medida em que o contexto de guerra contra os gentios, a afirmação dos domínios territoriais e a prestação de serviços a Coroa portuguesa, permitiram que as experiências sociais dos sujeitos históricos envolvidos se sobrepusessem as normativas impostas pela própria metrópole. Evidencia-se esta relação nas sesmarias concedidas pela participação na guerra justa contra os gentios, quebrando os padrões de legalidade, nos arranjos da administração da concessão de terras pelos capitães-mores e no conflito entre sesmeiros, governança local e o juiz das sesmarias, Cristóvão Soares Reimão, no processo de medição e demarcação das terras da capitania. Desta maneira, defende-se a hipótese de que a efetiva conquista dos sertões e das ribeiras do Siará Grande foi parte integrante da política lusitana em um contexto de redefinições de hegemonias imperiais na Europa e nas áreas coloniais e se utilizou da concessão de mercê – tais como: patentes militares, títulos distintivos, cargos administrativos e, principalmente, sesmarias – como a forma de “recrutamento” de seus agentes coloniais. O corpus documental da tese é composto por manuscritos avulsos do Conselho Ultramarino (referentes às capitanias do Siará Grande, Rio Grande, Pernambuco, Maranhão e Paraíba), legislação referente a sesmarias (Ordenações, Decretos, Alvarás e Éditos Régios), cartas de sesmarias e registros de mercês do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo.

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本論文旨在闡釋費希特之超驗哲學的知識論面向。處理這問題的過程除了闡釋部份外還會涉及兩個觀點。第一個觀點是透過歷史的角度來揭露費氏的早期知識學(Wissenschaftslehre)所處置的理論哲學脈絡，而第二個觀點則是從一個當代角度去考察費氏的早期知識學作為一知識論策略的本質並檢討當代對其哲學以基礎論(foundationalism)及反基礎論(anti-foundationalism)作評斷的考察方式。對費氏理論集中闡釋的部份則成為樞紐把兩觀點貫穿起來。第一個觀點的作用在於透過把費氏的理論放置於其獨特的、特殊的背景下理解來防止時代錯置的判斷(anachronism)，而這樣也為我們提供理解費氏哲學的恰當途徑。這對闡釋費氏的理論有關鍵的理解作用而不只具有歷史意義。而第二個觀點雖然較易傾向時代錯置，但可以透過當代的資源和方法來為問題作翻新的處理。這做法有助突顯闡釋中隱藏的、未被充份處理的問題，而透過處理這些問題可側面地補充闡釋。因此本論文主要有三大部份。第一部份著重解釋在甚麼意義下費氏知識學趨生於三個哲學家雅各比（而從他關聯到斯賓洛沙）、康德 和 萊茵霍爾德(K. L. Reinhold)的理論脈絡並試圖作出回應。明白這點則不難理解第二部份之主張費氏所提出的三個基本原則其用意其實是要把人類知識基礎建於人類自發性之上。第三部份（即上述所指的對當代觀點的處理）則會指出把費氏理論詮釋成反基礎論是不準確和誤導的，他的理論反而指向一抗拒這種二分法的統一性。 / This thesis aims at explicating the epistemological aspects of Fichte's transcendental philosophy from a historical perspective that exposes the theoretical philosophical context in which Fichte's early philosophical project Wissenschaftslehre is embedded, as well as from a contemporary perspective that examines the nature of Fichte’s epistemological strategy and reviews the examination of it in foundationalist and anti-foundationalist terms. The first perspective prevents anachronism by situating the theory within the unique particular background, which also gives us a proper access to the philosophy of Fichte. The latter perspective, though could be prone to anachronism, gives the problematic a refreshment by bringing in contemporary resources and devices to review the theory. An explication of Fichte's three fundamental principles and an analysis of the third as the culmination of foundation make up the hinge that connects both perspectives. The first perspective is an essential prologue to the explication, its significance lies not in merely giving out information of the historical development, but in making the theory itself intelligible; the second perspective considers an issue that is hidden in the explication but not yet sufficiently addressed, and in addressing this perspective I provide a review of the review, through which the explication can be supplemented. / Hence it should be obvious that the thesis consists of three parts and how they are connected. The first part sets up the historical background through which the epistemological relevance of Fichte is to be appreciated. Three philosophers are given extra weight for this purpose Jacobi (and through him Spinoza as well), Kant, and Reinhold. It is in the face of a particular set of issues resulting from their interaction that Fichte's theory of knowledge emerges to resolve. With this in mind, we will find that Fichte's proposal of the fundamental principles is a strategy to ground the foundation of knowledge on human spontaneity, as spontaneity is found to be the necessary condition for the third principle and the third principle the necessary condition for the coordination of the first two principles which Fichte takes as hardly disputable. Based on this understanding, we shall see that Rockmore’s suggestion to understand Fichte's theory of knowledge as a kind of anti-foundationalism is inaccurate and misleading, instead it rather points to a theoretical tendency that resists such dichotomy. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Tse, Chiu Yui Plato. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-112). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.1 / Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter One: --- p.6 / The Relevance of the Absolute to the Foundation of Knowledge / The Epistemological Relevance of the Absolute --- p.7 / Jacobi’s Spinozakritik: The Skeptic Consequence of “Ex Nihilo Nihil Fit“ --- p.12 / Jacobi’s Kantkritik --- p.16 / Reinhold’s Principle of Consciousness and Beyond --- p.29 / Chapter Two: --- p.35 / Part I / The Three Fundamental Principles: With an Explanation of a Common Phenomenon of Consciousness / The I-Talk --- p.38 / The First Principle --- p.42 / The Second Principle --- p.44 / The Third Principle --- p.46 / The Absolute I and the Forgotten --- p.49 / Part II / An Analysis through a Dialectics of Contradictions --- p.52 / Step A --- p.53 / Step B --- p.55 / Step C --- p.58 / Step D --- p.60 / Step E --- p.65 / Chapter Three: --- p.74 / The Conflict between Foundationalist and Anti-foundationalist Interpretation / The Problem --- p.75 / Tom Rockmore’s Anti-foundationalist Interpretation --- p.79 / Problem of Daniel Breazeale’s Response --- p.87 / Klaus Hammacher a Leap towards Certainty --- p.92 / Conclusion --- p.101 / Bibliography --- p.108

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Inaug. Diss.--Neuere Geschichte--Freiburg, Schweiz. / Bibliogr. p. 11-24. Index.

Drawing on the ideas of J.G. Fichte and M. Merleau-Ponty, I argue that experience and freedom are intersubjective, linguistic, and bodily. In the first chapter, I take up Fichte's three "fundamental principles" from the Science of Knowledge alongside his ideas of embodiment and intersubjectivity from the Foundations of Natural Right to show that all experience is an indefinite mixture of self and not-self, and, therefore, that both the experiences of self-consciousness and its freedom must also be accomplished with reference to the not-self, and particularly others. The second chapter is an examination of Merleau-Ponty's account of expression in his Phenomenology of Perception. The key insight I pursue here is that the medium of expression, which makes possible all significance, is bodily and intersubjective, and that any expressive act is therefore both self-opaque and soliciting cooperation. In the end, I turn to how this cooperation, i.e. freedom, should be enacted.

In spite of the well-known importance of written norms and administrative structures in the Society of Jesus, there are only a few specialized studies of these subjects. A very general concept of a monolithic and centralized religious order is prevalent. But when administrative practices and internal communication are analyzed thoroughly, it becomes clear that Jesuit structures were based on consultative guilds which took part in decision-making processes. Among the least investigated administrative topics, the freedom of action of provincial congregations is most surprising. / A pesar de la importancia notoria de las normas escritas y de las estructuras administrativas en la Compañía de Jesús, hay muy pocos estudios específicos sobre estos aspectos. Predomina una visión muy general de una Orden monolítica y centralizada. Sin  embargo, al analizar la práctica administrativa y las comunicaciones internas, se puede ver que la estructura de la Compañía de Jesús se basa en gremios consultivos que participan en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Entre los temas administrativos menos trabajados, sobresalen lasfranjas de libertad de las congregaciones provinciales.

Favorable judgment of a work of art, or of a man, usually means that the work of art, or a record of the man, will be preserved for future generations to judge for themselves. An unfavorable judgment may result in a richly deserved obscurity or an irreplaceable loss, unless favorable circumstances combine to preserve the evidence for a more perspicacious generation. One can be forgiven if he distrusts history's judgment; mistakes which have been corrected are legion (the case of J. S. Bach comes most vividly to mind) and skepticism is warranted unless or until the facts are available for confirmation. It is difficult to explain the paucity of information about Jacques-Christophe Naudot, Not that he is another J. S. Bach; neither Fleury, who made the first serious effort to revive interest in his music in the early 1920's, nor Ruf, who has done much in this regard recently, nor this writer makes any such claim. He does not, however, deserve the obscurity that has been his lot. If his music is not always profound, it nevertheless has both intrinsic and historical value, and some of his works reveal considerable contrapuntal skill. It may be that Naudot stood in the shadow of Blavet, whose prowess as a flutist bolstered his reputation as a composer, or that his music was never quite the right style for the time; in any case, although his name was not unknown, he never gained the fame that earned a contemporary biographer. As a result, no autographs and very little biographical data have been found, although one or more printed copies of all his known works, except two, are to be found in various libraries, principally the Bibliotheque National in Paris.

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Le mémoire s'interroge sur les liens qui existent entre un texte et son illustration. Il prend pour assise un récit de voyage réalisé à la fin du XVIIIe siècle au Canada. Son auteure, artiste amateur, réalise en supplément au texte des esquisses qui complètent son travail pour renseigner sur la situation du Canada. Parmi ce qu'elle découvre en Amérique, la nature du continent retient la majeure partie de son attention. De 1791 à 1796, Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim (1762-1850) accompagne son mari, le colonel John Graves Simcoe, assigné au poste de lieutenant-gouverneur du Haut-Canada (Ontario). Jeune femme de la classe supérieure britannique, Lady Simcoe assiste aux premières tentatives de colonisation dans une nature sauvage qui prend pour elle des allures grandioses. Dotée d'une curiosité insatiable, ravie de découvrir tout ce qui caracterise la nature de l'Amérique du Nord britannique, elle rédige de nombreuses lettres pour sa famille et ses proches qui, réunies, prennent la forme d'un récit de voyage détaillé. À ces lettres, elle ajoute également des dessins, paysages pour la plupart, qui servent de supplément à son texte. Ces dessins, esquisses de lieux admirables aux yeux de Lady Simcoe, sont conservés dans des carnets qui l'accompagnent dans la plupart de ses déplacements. Ces esquisses constituent le point de départ de cette étude, qui s'attarde essentiellement sur les relations entre un récit de voyage et ses illustrations. La période du voyage au Canada correspond à la fin de l'âge d'or de l'esthétique pittoresque en Angleterre. L'approche de la nature canadienne de l'artiste, marquée par la recherche d'un aspect sauvage, de l'irrégulier et de toute beauté naturelle apte à être transposée et codifiée dans un tableau d'art, est grandement influencée par les principes du goût pittoresque anglais de la fin du XVIIIe siècle. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Lady Simcoe, Récit de voyage, Pittoresque, Esquisse, Haut-Canada, Bas-Canada.