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published_or_final_version / abstract / Humanities / Master / Master of Philosophy

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Texte remanié de : Thèse doctorat : Sciences des textes et documents : Paris 7 : 2000. / Bibliogr. p. [273]-291. Notes bibliogr. Index.

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The idea explored in this thesis is that the Reverie is a distinct literary genre, which found its birth with the realization of the Reveries du Promeneur solitaire by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The analysis of that text suggests that the literary Reverie is defined by the thoughts it contains about language's power to reflect reality accurately. In this context, Rousseau's book appears to be a place of experimentation in which the author attempts to capture his inner self and the world that surrounds him, as precisely as possible. The notion of referent plays a key role in this study. It is by observing the way Rousseau uses referents of different natures, that we will be able to understand Reverie as a literary genre. We start our study by attempting to define the Reverie as a genre. We then compare it to other literary genres with which it shares similarities. In the following sections, we analyze both the internal and external referents present in Rousseau's text. Nature, people, memories and imagination are some of the referents we consider. We finally observe some referents that are both internal and external. This leads us to understand how Rousseau tries to convey a "total referent" through his Reveries.

This work intends to show the extent of the influence of Voltaire's religion-related writings on Pigault-Lebrun, a famous 19$ rm sp{th}$ writer scarcely remembered today. / The subject is divided in two separate parts. The first part will demonstrate how the different clergy members described by Voltaire are rendered quite faithfully as the characters of the secular and the regular clergy found in the author's novels. In the second part, we will find out the extent to which Pigault-Lebrun has used the 18$ rm sp{th}$ century philosopher's writings in order to write Le Citateur, an anti-clerical essay used by Napoleon as a political weapon, which summarizes the history of christianism from the biblical era until the Enlightenment. / Our study clearly illustrates a broad range of borrowings from Voltaire's work and shows that Pigault-Lebrun played an important part in the diffusion of Voltaire's ideas in the 19$ rm sp{th}$ century.