Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. / Cadbury's basic contribution regarding the historical Jesus involves the conviction that he was a product of his own Jewish environment and, as such, is not to be thought of as unique. His method of teaching can be paralleled with the rabbis of his time. His moral earnestness is comparable to that of the Old Testament prophet. Only in his "excess of virtue" can any originality be attributed to him. Jesus' religious experience is no different from that of any other pious Jew. Revelation came to him through the normal cognitive processes. Nor should one assign to Jesus a conscious plan or well-defined program; his teachings were casual and occasional. The unique theological portraits which successive generations have painted of Jesus are not based upon historical evidence. The scholar must rid himself of such Christological presuppositions. [truncated]

Doctor en filosofía con mención en estética y teoría del arte / Tesis no autorizada por su autor para ser publicada a texto completo / La presente tesis explora la relación entre la “estética” y el concepto de “actividad productiva” en Karl Marx, atendiendo a los aspectos más relevantes de su obra temprana y madura. Este trabajo de investigación se propone, en primer lugar, exponer el contexto en el que emergen las categorías marxianas de “actividad sensible” (sinnliche Tätigkeit), de “relación práctica” (praktische Verhältnis) y de “fuerzas humanas esenciales” (menschlichen Wesenskräfte), para a partir de aquí presentar el modo en que ellas se traman a un pensamiento de lo “común” o del “comunismo”, inseparable de la idea de una “emancipación plena de todos los sentidos humanos (vollständige Emanzipation aller menschlichen Sinne)”. Respecto a esto último, nuestra investigación, en segundo lugar, se plantea el problema de los posibles vínculos entre la primera fase de la obra de Marx y la estética del idealismo alemán, particularmente el lazo entre la concepción marxiana de una revolución estética más profunda que la revolución política y la idea en Schiller de una “revolución de la sensibilidad”. Se trata, finalmente, de indagar sobre las relaciones de continuidad y de discontinuidad que hay entre aquel conjunto de categorías en la obra marxiana temprana y la emergencia de los conceptos de “fuerza de producción” y de “división del trabajo”, con el objetivo de esclarecer la problemática de la obra de arte en el marco general de una crítica de la economía política.

At the outset it had been my intention to make only the slightest of references to the Church Controversy in which Bishop Colenso was involved and to have touched only lightly on his theological position. Apart from anything else I hesitated to enter the arena in which so many had already collided violently and where my own prejudices might be enlisted on one side or the other. It became evident however that Colenso the Controversialist, the Theologian could not be dissociated from Colenso the missionary, without giving an inadequate, and even misleading history of his missionary activities. The Controversy had a serious and deleterious effect on his missionary work, and no estimate of the value of a missionary's labours would be valid without some consideration of his teaching, more especially when his orthodoxy is suspect. I have therefore dealt as briefly as I could with these questions in Chapter V because of their relevance, and because to produce a work on an ecclesiastic without some reference to his tenets would be like writing a biography of Louis Botha without any allusion to his political 'faith', or of Wellington, without any mention of Waterloo. it would represent a distortion of history to write about a Missionary Bishop as though he were an amateur politician, or of a missionary as though he were interested only in finance and administration.

This thesis is basically a study of William Carlos Williams' Paterson, with emphasis on Book Five, the final completed book of the poem. Because Williams is repeatedly concerned with the Unicorn tapestries in Book Five, much attention is given to them, and the rest of Book Five is seen as complementary to this central metaphor. And because this metaphor is a restriction to the essentials, or what Williams calls "by multiplication a reduction to one," the thesis is largely involved in interpreting the implications of this metaphor, developed and determined by the context of the rest of the poem. Previously, most critics have either treated Paterson V as a postscript to Paterson I-IV, or have dismissed the book by stating in general terms that Williams in Book Five takes Paterson into the realm of the Imagination. In either case, a detailed analysis of Book Five has been avoided. This thesis attempts such an analysis, in order to reveal that Paterson V is not a postscript to the rest of the poem, but its culmination. Though Book Five is in a sense in a different realm from the first four books, the transition from the realm of life to that of art is not only foreshadowed by the former books, but is also the means of solution to the Paterson dilemma, struggled with and developed in Paterson I-IV, but never crystallized. This occurs in Book Five, where the Unicorn tapestries are the metaphoric "hub" of the crystallization. Though the dilemma involves both Paterson the man and city, it is mostly concerned with Paterson the poet, and his manifestation, the poem Paterson. Hence the dilemma is to a large extent autobiographical. Paterson's problem is Williams' problem: the necessity of transforming the poet's life quest, with all its implications, into a culminatory work of art. To this basic problem must be added several crucial obstacles. The first is that of approaching death. By the end of Book Four, Paterson has reached the end of his life course. Williams, in the year of Book Four's publication, has had several crippling strokes. In other words, Williams' life, like Paterson's, may soon be terminated, and thus the work of art may never be created. Secondly, Williams' work of art must include the processes of art and life, as well as their products. Without process, the product will stagnate, and without product, the process will remain a confused delirium. In this sense, Book Five becomes the product of the processes involved in Paterson I-IV, the product that clarifies both the poet's quest and his poetics, saves both Williams and Paterson from meaningless death, and gives the poet impetus to continue his craft. Intrinsic to the union of process and product is the union of life with literature, the poetic with the anti-poetic, and the Dionysian aspect of creation with that of the Apollonian. In Paterson, these turn out to be the "inter-penetrating realities" that the poet seeks to unite throughout the poem. The following analysis attempts to reveal how the union does symbolically or metaphorically occur, how the various disparate forces in the poem become embodied in a complex but harmonious whole, and why this union, as portrayed in the Unicorn tapestries, does succeed, where similar earlier attempts had failed / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

This thesis seeks to identify the philosophical arguments behind William Carlos Williams' constant attack upon accepted patterns of thought, behaviour and art. The first chapter outlines Williams' belief in the necessity of a continual process of renewal in order to prevent traditional approaches to experience from decaying individual perception into unconscious habits of preconception. The thesis then debates the possibility and value of pure perception in contrast to preconception, of objectivity in contrast to subjectivity, of the need for artistic impartiality to prevent biassed perception. This line of inquiry develops into a discussion of Williams' doctrine of change as essential to clear perception: Williams' advocation of the new, of the perception of present, local reality is a struggle against the traditional habitual concentration upon the past, the foreign and upon future abstractions. By Chapter Four, the thesis has evolved into a detailed inspection of the poetic techniques necessary for the clarifying expression of a continually renewed awareness. An attempt is made to show how poetry must change to keep reflecting a changing reality that is perceived now as a world of process rather than as a static and definable quantity. Underlying the whole thesis is the central interpretation that Williams' objection to established doctrines is a rejection of that tradition of man's egotistical aloofness from the ground and of his urge to control nature by destruction which has alienated him from his consciousness of his environment and from his source of. self-discovery. The second half of the thesis tries to reveal the poem Paterson as the assimilation of Williams' organic philosophy in a poetic form whose construction releases beauty from its abstraction in the mind into a living sentient experience. The thesis evolves towards an attempt to reveal Williams' call for man to rediscover a primal awareness of himself through an interpenetration with nature, a sympathetic appreciation of and yielding to the unopposed objects of his environment. The method of approach used is apocalyptic, rather than purely analytical. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The thesis is, that the dance, as metaphor and as ordering function, is central to an understanding of William Carlos Williams' poetry and of his activity as poet. The first chapter, which is a ground for what follows, begins with a close examination of "The Rose" from Spring and All as a demonstration of some of Williams' basic principles concerning the act of making the poem. My emphasis is on what one can observe happening in the poem itself, the poem as enactment or dance. I then proceed to examine the prose passages from Spring and All as statement of those principles, in order to establish the meaning of some terms, imitation, engagement, imagination, as Williams uses them "both as theory in the prose descriptions and as actuality in the poems. The second chapter deals with the notion of dance as alternative to description, the action or enactment in a poem, which Williams calls imitation. I attempt to show what dance is, the metaphor of it, and how it might manifest itself in (as) language, that is to say, the energy of the poem as dance. Then, in the light of several poems included in the text of the chapter, I discuss imitation in terms of composition and invention, what Williams considers the basic activities of the poet in the making of a poem. The third chapter deals with the act of engagement as dance, to engage in an activity, making love or writing a poem. I attempt to show, by reference to several of Williams' short stories and to In the American Grain, as well as to the poems, some of the kinds of perceptions and awareness that are characteristic of this kind of engagement, and how they shape the poem; and, in the end, to come to an understanding of what Williams means by penetration. In the fourth chapter, measure as dance, I examine some of Williams' ideas and practice in the rhythm and form of the poem, to show how measure is the shape the dance assumes, and how Williams resolved some of his own difficulties concerning the problem of measure. And the chapter concludes with a restatement of, and an insistence upon, the importance of the metaphor of dance. My purpose has not been to attempt a historic analysis or evaluation of Williams as critic and theorist, or as poet – though the fact of the thesis does imply certain judgements of value, and the text of it is, to some degree, analytical -- but to demonstrate and elucidate, by making the dance a basis for my discussions, some of Williams' primary concerns as poet. My emphasis, then, has not been on the views and theories of other critics, not on chronological developments in the poems themselves, but on the facts of the dance, immediate and actual. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Orientador : João Manoel Cardoso de Mello / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T18:58:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mazzucchelli_FredericoMathias_D.pdf: 5995510 bytes, checksum: 8c8891741468057761ebea33550b29e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Doutorado / Doutor em Economia

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