Richard Wagner, in writing the text which would become the libretto of his four operas comprising the Ring was influenced greatly by German Mythology as well as old Norse writings. His main sources are the Volsungensaga, the Thidreksaga and the Nibelungenlied. Certain portions of the Ring follow closely the events described in some of the sagas, other portions have been changed and elaborated to achieve theatrical effect. I have endeavoured to explain the differences between the sources and the finished masterpiece. Whether his version of the tales was to ensure good theatre or whether he felt that he was improving on the originals is a moot point. The similarities are sufficient to prove that he had totally immersed himself in the literature available and no doubt felt himself to be a worthy protagonist of this culture. There is no doubt that his music is a masterpiece which may be enjoyed with or without any depth of knowledge of its origins.

Orientador: Ricardo de Medeiros Carneiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello_GuilhermeSantos_D.pdf: 1949349 bytes, checksum: 4a0843142fcf9b77114faf3a800192e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta Tese tem por objetivo estudar a importância central assumida pelo mercado de derivativos na dinâmica do capitalismo contemporâneo, debruçando-se particularmente sobre o mercado de derivativos de crédito e sua contribuição para a formação e eclosão da crise financeira que abalou os EUA e o mundo em 2007/2008. Três aspectos fundamentais são analisados para elaborar uma explicação acerca da crise em questão: primeiramente, elencam-se os elementos sistêmicos que serviram como pano de fundo para a crise, argumentando-se que o capitalismo adentrou uma nova "dimensão" ao longo dos anos 1990 e 2000. Esta dimensão esta marcada pela forma derivativa, que altera as relações de propriedade, introduz novos agentes e motivações, aumenta a integração financeira entre os agentes e transforma a lógica de precificação dos principais mercados financeiros. Em segundo lugar, argumenta-se contrariamente à abordagem da "macroeconomia tradicional" acerca das raízes da crise e dos desequilíbrios globais, pleiteando se uma explicação "monetária" para tais fenômenos, introduzindo como ponto de importância central o papel dos mercados de derivativos na determinação dos principais preços macroeconômicos. Por fim, descreve-se a transformação pela qual passou o mercado de crédito imobiliário norte-americano, argumentando-se que tais mudanças ganharam vigor renovada e apenas se completaram com a ascensão e crescimento dos derivativos de crédito (CDS) e dos CDOs sintéticos, que foram fundamentais para a manutenção das taxas baixas de juros sobre as hipotecas, contribuindo assim diretamente para a bolha no mercado imobiliário que culminou na crise econômica / Abstract: This thesis aims to study the central importance assumed by the derivatives market in the dynamics of contemporary capitalism, focusing in particular on the credit derivatives market and its contribution to the formation and the outbreak of the financial crisis that has shaken the U.S. and the world economy in 2007/2008. Three fundamental aspects are analyzed to elaborate an explanation about the crisis in question: first, enrolls systemic elements that served as backdrop to the crisis, arguing that capitalism entered a new "dimension" over the years 1990 and 2000. This dimension is marked by derivative form that changes the property relations, introduces new agents and motivations, increase financial integration between the agents and transforms the pricing logic of the major financial markets. Secondly, it is argued, contrary to the approach of "traditional macroeconomics" about the roots of the crisis and global imbalances, pleading a "monetary" explanation for such phenomena, introducing as central point of importance the role of derivatives markets in the determination of the key macroeconomic prices. Finally, we describe the transformation through which passed the American mortgage market, arguing that such changes will gain renewed vigor and are only completed with the rise and growth of credit derivatives (CDS) and synthetic CDOs, that were fundamental to the maintenance of low interest rates on mortgages, thus contributing directly to the bubble in the property market that resulted in economic crisis / Doutorado / Politica Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This dissertation takes as its premise the belief that privileging the text of a play as the site of meaning is inadequate, given the social nature of theatre. This privileging is evident in the low critical opinion of dramatic adaptations of prose works: the dramatic text, incomplete by nature, cannot compete with the self-sufficient narrative text which it adapts. Rather, as described in the introductory chapter, the socio-historical context of a production must be investigated to flesh out the meaning of the text. Four theatrical adaptations of Franz Kafka's novel Der Prozefi (1925) illustrate a history not only of Kafka reception, but also of society, politics and theatrical practice in Europe and North America. The first adaptation, Le Proces (1947), by Jean-Louis Barrault and Andre Gide, is interpreted in the second chapter in the context of post-Occupation tensions in France, including a sense of guilt left by collaboration. Against an intellectual backdrop of existentialism and absurdism, Le Proces renders Joseph K. as a Jewish victim of unjust authorities. The third chapter describes actor/playwright Steven Berkoff’s antipathy to the middle-class conformism of 1970s Britain, which turns his adaptation, The Trial (1973), into a highly personal protest in which K. is destroyed by bourgeois "mediocrity." Peter Weiss's German adaptation, Der Prozefi (1975), treated in the fourth chapter, attempts more sweeping Marxist social criticism, depicting Kafka's world as a historically specific Eastern Europe in the days leading up to the Great War: K. is a bank employee who, by refusing to ally himself with the workers, seals his own fate under exploitative capitalism. Finally, Sally Clark's Canadian The Trial of Judith K. (1989) is described in the fifth chapter as a cross-gender revision of the novel reflecting both a feminist critique of male oppression and the freedom of interpretation of canonical works enabled by North America's relative intellectual isolation from the canon's European roots. K., as a victim of patriarchy, is a woman. The diversity of these four adaptations pleads for the acceptance of dramatic adaptation as a creative form of interpretation, rather than as an ill-advised misappropriation, of its source. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

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The purpose of this thesis is to contrast Wagner's usages of the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth intervals and chords, as found in Die Walküre, Act I and Götterdämmerung, Act I.

La presente investigación analiza las parejas compuestas por mujeres peruanas y chilenos que se formaron en el contexto de la ocupación militar de Lima por el ejército chileno en el período de 1881-1883. Como fuentes para el estudio se revisaron los libros de bautizos y matrimonios de las parroquias más importantes de Lima en el siglo XIX. Las parejas encontradas han permitido demostrar que la convivencia entre las poblaciones peruana y chilena durante la ocupación fue compleja, es decir, no solo hubo rechazo hacia los chilenos militares y civiles residentes en la ciudad. La formación de estas parejas ocurrió debido a la existencia de un contacto continuo y, también a causa de la existencia de relaciones previas entre las poblaciones chilena y peruana, que no se vieron del todo interrumpidas durante la guerra del Pacífico. Incluso la llegada del ejército chileno a la capital influyó en el incremento del número de parejas registradas en las fuentes parroquiales. Asimismo, se demuestra que las relaciones entre chilenos y mujeres peruanas, no solo fueron violentas, como se espera en una situación de guerra, sino que existieron relaciones consentidas de convivencia y matrimonio. Aquellas relaciones también estuvieron definidas por el código de honor, legitimidad y status presentes en la sociedad limeña del siglo XIX. / Tesis

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The story of Parsifal is presented in two manners: through action and through narrative. Using the formalist theories of Vladimir Propp, the overall narrative is articulated in three narrative episodes. This thesis interprets the structure of narrative episodes in Parsifal on the basis of expectation. Propp's theory of functions provides labels for an interpretive analysis. Levi-Strauss' reconstruction of Propp's functions into paired structures identifies key points in the drama as moments of "functional" saturation. This "functional" saturation coincides with Wagner's practice of Leitmotivic saturation. The semiotic theories of Charles Sanders Peirce, specifically his notion of sign, clarify the dense accumulation of meanings accrued by the Leitmotifs. Finally, Parsifal, as a "quest" for the unobtainable object, fits into the matrix of desire as formulated in the theories of Jacques Lacan.