This study identifies permanence, the search for it and its attainment, as the most important variable influencing social, economic and demographic behaviour in rural society. The dissertation examines the interaction between families and land between 1820 and 1890 in a rural mid-Victorian Upper Canadian community, Toronto Gore township. The Gore of Toronto, one of the prime wheat producing townships in nineteenth century Ontario, is a wedge-shaped tract of land of some nineteen thousand acres situated fifteen miles northwest of Toronto. The theoretical underpinning for the study is Richard Easterlin's consumption/inheritance model for the behaviour of rural societies. This is butressed by historical studies of the American midwest as well as studies of rural Ontario by David Gagan, Marvin Mclnnis and Lorne Tepperman. These studies, as well as the data for Toronto Gore, are used to demonstrate that the processes of social change in rural society were related to incursions of economic stress arising out of land and population pressure. Stress was accompanied by demonstrable changes in demographic and economic behaviour at the household level. Toronto Gore was subjected to two forms of economic stress during the period. The first arose from agricultural change and the demands for land made by immigrants and a maturing younger generation. The second was a crisis of shorter term that began in 1857 with the collapse of the wheat market and was exacerbated two years later by a drastic decline in land values. In responding to these crises the younger generation postponed marriage and family formation. The older generation limited marital fertility and adopted devices for the distributuon of property that would protect the productivity and profitability of the land. These changes, which conform to the broad outlines of the Easterlin model and the actual historical experience of populations elsewhere, suggest that the Gore's households were not unusual in their behaviour. The major thrust of the dissertation, however, is that permanence was the most important variable influencing the timing and degree of change. The foundation for permanence was laid during the settlement phase when approximately one hundred families put down roots. Three generations later most of those families were still represented among the township's householders. Others have identified core populations during the settlement phase but thus far no one has systematically studied their behaviour. For Toronto Gore, techniques of family reconstitution developed by French and English demographers are used to reconstruct the population and family relationships. In three generations, intermarriage knit the permanent families into a cohesive group. They owned the largest farms, had the largest households, and were the leaders of the principal social and political institutions. Their children had the best opportunities of acquiring places for themsleves in the township. They maintained their relative prosperity because,. as a group, they were more sensitive to economic change. In times of economic stress they reacted quickly to protect what they had. Their neighbours responded much more slowly and adjustments in their demographic behaviour appeared almost a decade later. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 follis_f_dr_arafcl.pdf: 4154137 bytes, checksum: 8bc16044c0eb0781cea1b71176a804f6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esse trabalho teve como objetivo central desvendar como se processou a expansão urbana e a obtenção de equipamentos e serviços públicos coletivos (entendidos como direitos sociais urbanos) pelos moradores da periferia da cidade de Franca-SP, no período compreendido entre os anos de 1890 e 1996. Para isso, procuramos analisar tanto os ideais e os interesses que nortearam a política urbana levada a efeito pelo Poder Público Municipal, quanto às circunstâncias históricas (políticas, econômicas e sociais) que possibilitaram ou motivaram a formulação de direitos sociais urbanos e a luta coletiva por esses direitos. Conforme constatado, o fato da expansão urbana da cidade ter ocorrido via loteamentos legais, apesar de contribuir para a não proliferação de favelas e de loteamentos clandestinos, não proporcionou aos seus moradores o imediato acesso a equipamentos e serviços públicos coletivos imprescindíveis a uma boa qualidade de vida. Isso ocorreu porque, em detrimento do interesse público, o Poder Público Municipal promoveu uma política urbana de caráter patrimonialista orientada para o atendimento dos interesses privados de loteadores e proprietários de terras para fins urbanos. Nesse contexto, a conquista de grande parte dos direitos sociais urbanos nos loteamentos periféricos da cidade, assim como também em vários conjuntos habitacionais de promoção pública destinados a famílias de baixa renda, passou a depender, em grande medida, da mobilização coletiva de seus moradores que, a partir da década de 1940, foram tomando consciência de que eles também têm direito, enquanto moradores da cidade e pagadores de impostos, aos equipamentos e serviços públicos coletivos já disponibilizados aos moradores das áreas mais privilegiadas da cidade, desencadeando, assim, a luta por melhoramentos. Como conseqüência dessa trajetória histórica marcada pelo predomínio... / This study was aimed at revealing how it was processed the urban expansion and the development of collective equipment and public services (understood as urban social rights) by the outskirt population of the city of Franca-SP, between the years of 1890 and 1996. In order to accomplish this task, we tried to analyze the ideals and interests which guided the urban policies taken by the Municipal Public Administration, related to the historic circumstances (political, economic and social) which made possible or motivated the elaboration of the urban social rights and the collective struggle for these rights. As it was realized, the fact that the urban expansion in the city must have occurred by legal plotting, although contributing to the non-proliferation of slums and illegal area occupation, did not provide the outskirt population access to public equipment and services indispensable to acceptable life standards. This happened because, contrary to public interest, the Municipal Public Administration created a patrimonial urban policy oriented to private interests of urban land owners. In this context, the conquer of a great deal of social urban rights in the outskirts of the town, as well as several public built housing complexes designated to low-income population, started to depend on, in great measure, to the collective mobilization of its inhabitants who, from the 1940s on, began to get more conscious about their rights, as town citizens and tax payers, having as reference the public equipment and services already available to the residents of more prominent town areas, launching, thus, the struggle for improvements. As a consequence of this historic trajectory characterized by the predominance of private over public interest, contrary to what advertisers have been defending, the city of Franca has always presented urban problems related to the ones... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_vrl_me_ia.pdf: 14449326 bytes, checksum: 1756915d289cd45137e5058e4d96975c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo primordial dessa pesquisa é examinar a representação pictórica e fotografica do negro no Brasil. O uso da indumentária retrada serviu como refêrencia principal na observação e análise das imagens. Foram estudadas obras realizadas durante o periodo de 1850 a 1890, com ênfase naquelas que posuem conteúdo típico e recorrente. A utilização dos trajes foi considerada como um indicativo de condição social constituite da indentidade negra, idealizada por meio de uma perspectiva da população branca. Examinei as caracteristicas em comum nas imagens e a relação da indumentária associada aos papéis sociais, vinculados ás vestimentas que integram as obras. Pesquisadores lançam mão de vários tipos de material como fonte de pesquisa. Entretanto, fontes não escritas são por muitas vezes pouco creditadas, funcionando apenas como simples ilustrações e textos. Nesse caso, podem agregar novos significados aos textos que ilustram, ou perpetuar idéias racistas. Para realizar as análises das imagens, considerei a historiografica concernente ás origens da representação do negro nas artes brasileiras, à moda, à fotografia, às heranças africanas, às teorias perspectivas, às influências da Missões artísticas que viveram ao Brasil e às teorias evolucionistas vigentes durante as últimas décadas do século dezenove. Fótografos como Christiano Júnior, Militão e Victor Frond produziram inúmeras fotografias de negros que foram comercializadas aos europeus como material etnográfico e ilustração do exótico, no final do século dezenove. Pintores com Biard e Pallière destacaram o cotidiano dos negros. Negras vendedoras de frutas, amas-de-leite, negros e mestiços embranquecidos e homens executando trabalhos braçais, são exemplos de uma figuração padronizada e perpetuada, a estética da escravidão. Essas figuras constituem meu foco investigativo para a reflexão acerca da iconografia do negro. / The primary objective of this study is to examine the pictorial and photographic representation of the black people in Brazil. The way the costumes were worn was the basis for the observations and image analysis. The pieces studied comprehend the period from 1850 to 1890 with emphais to typical and recurrent content. The way the outfits were was considered as an indicator of the black communit identity, idealized throught the viewpoint of the white population. The common characteristics of the studied paitings and photographs, as well as the relation between the costumes and their social roles connected to the relation between the costumes and their social roles connected to the observed pieces, were examined. Researches make use of various types of materials as source of inquiry. However, pictorial sources often black credit and are seen as mere text illustrations. In the case, these images can add to the texts they depict or perpetuate racist ideas. In order to carry out the image analysis, the historiography as regards the original representation of the black brasilian population as regards art, fashion, photography, African heritrage, perceptive theories, the influence of the artistic Missions that came to Brazil and the evolutionist theory in vogue during the last decades of the nineteen-century were considered. Phootographer like Christiano Júnior, Militão and Victor Frond produced countles photographs of the people that were sold in the European market as ethographic material and ilustration of the exotic. Paintes like Biard and Palliére have singled out the bach peoples everyday life. Black womens selling fruits or breat-feeding whitened black and half-cast people, and men handling heavy work are examples of a standard everlasting representation, the slavery aesthetics. This imagery constitutes the investigative focus of this paper as regards the black people iconography.

Orientador: Percival Tirapeli / Banca: José Leonardo do Nascimento / Banca: Dilma de Melo / Resumo: O objetivo primordial dessa pesquisa é examinar a representação pictórica e fotografica do negro no Brasil. O uso da indumentária retrada serviu como refêrencia principal na observação e análise das imagens. Foram estudadas obras realizadas durante o periodo de 1850 a 1890, com ênfase naquelas que posuem conteúdo típico e recorrente. A utilização dos trajes foi considerada como um indicativo de condição social constituite da indentidade negra, idealizada por meio de uma perspectiva da população branca. Examinei as caracteristicas em comum nas imagens e a relação da indumentária associada aos papéis sociais, vinculados ás vestimentas que integram as obras. Pesquisadores lançam mão de vários tipos de material como fonte de pesquisa. Entretanto, fontes não escritas são por muitas vezes pouco creditadas, funcionando apenas como simples ilustrações e textos. Nesse caso, podem agregar novos significados aos textos que ilustram, ou perpetuar idéias racistas. Para realizar as análises das imagens, considerei a historiografica concernente ás origens da representação do negro nas artes brasileiras, à moda, à fotografia, às heranças africanas, às teorias perspectivas, às influências da Missões artísticas que viveram ao Brasil e às teorias evolucionistas vigentes durante as últimas décadas do século dezenove. Fótografos como Christiano Júnior, Militão e Victor Frond produziram inúmeras fotografias de negros que foram comercializadas aos europeus como material etnográfico e ilustração do exótico, no final do século dezenove. Pintores com Biard e Pallière destacaram o cotidiano dos negros. Negras vendedoras de frutas, amas-de-leite, negros e mestiços embranquecidos e homens executando trabalhos braçais, são exemplos de uma figuração padronizada e perpetuada, a estética da escravidão. Essas figuras constituem meu foco investigativo para a reflexão acerca da iconografia do negro. / Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to examine the pictorial and photographic representation of the black people in Brazil. The way the costumes were worn was the basis for the observations and image analysis. The pieces studied comprehend the period from 1850 to 1890 with emphais to typical and recurrent content. The way the outfits were was considered as an indicator of the black communit identity, idealized throught the viewpoint of the white population. The common characteristics of the studied paitings and photographs, as well as the relation between the costumes and their social roles connected to the relation between the costumes and their social roles connected to the observed pieces, were examined. Researches make use of various types of materials as source of inquiry. However, pictorial sources often black credit and are seen as mere text illustrations. In the case, these images can add to the texts they depict or perpetuate racist ideas. In order to carry out the image analysis, the historiography as regards the original representation of the black brasilian population as regards art, fashion, photography, African heritrage, perceptive theories, the influence of the artistic Missions that came to Brazil and the evolutionist theory in vogue during the last decades of the nineteen-century were considered. Phootographer like Christiano Júnior, Militão and Victor Frond produced countles photographs of the people that were sold in the European market as ethographic material and ilustration of the exotic. Paintes like Biard and Palliére have singled out the bach peoples everyday life. Black womens selling fruits or breat-feeding whitened black and half-cast people, and men handling heavy work are examples of a standard everlasting representation, the slavery aesthetics. This imagery constitutes the investigative focus of this paper as regards the black people iconography. / Mestre

Orientador: José Antonio Segatto / Banca: Agnaldo de Sousa Barbosa / Banca: Hercídia Mara Facuri Coelho / Banca: Oswaldo Mário Serra Truzzi / Banca: Maria Tereza Miceli Kerbauy / Resumo: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo central desvendar como se processou a expansão urbana e a obtenção de equipamentos e serviços públicos coletivos (entendidos como direitos sociais urbanos) pelos moradores da periferia da cidade de Franca-SP, no período compreendido entre os anos de 1890 e 1996. Para isso, procuramos analisar tanto os ideais e os interesses que nortearam a política urbana levada a efeito pelo Poder Público Municipal, quanto às circunstâncias históricas (políticas, econômicas e sociais) que possibilitaram ou motivaram a formulação de direitos sociais urbanos e a luta coletiva por esses direitos. Conforme constatado, o fato da expansão urbana da cidade ter ocorrido via loteamentos legais, apesar de contribuir para a não proliferação de favelas e de loteamentos clandestinos, não proporcionou aos seus moradores o imediato acesso a equipamentos e serviços públicos coletivos imprescindíveis a uma boa qualidade de vida. Isso ocorreu porque, em detrimento do interesse público, o Poder Público Municipal promoveu uma política urbana de caráter patrimonialista orientada para o atendimento dos interesses privados de loteadores e proprietários de terras para fins urbanos. Nesse contexto, a conquista de grande parte dos direitos sociais urbanos nos loteamentos periféricos da cidade, assim como também em vários conjuntos habitacionais de promoção pública destinados a famílias de baixa renda, passou a depender, em grande medida, da mobilização coletiva de seus moradores que, a partir da década de 1940, foram tomando consciência de que eles também têm direito, enquanto moradores da cidade e pagadores de impostos, aos equipamentos e serviços públicos coletivos já disponibilizados aos moradores das áreas mais privilegiadas da cidade, desencadeando, assim, a luta por melhoramentos. Como conseqüência dessa trajetória histórica marcada pelo predomínio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study was aimed at revealing how it was processed the urban expansion and the development of collective equipment and public services (understood as urban social rights) by the outskirt population of the city of Franca-SP, between the years of 1890 and 1996. In order to accomplish this task, we tried to analyze the ideals and interests which guided the urban policies taken by the Municipal Public Administration, related to the historic circumstances (political, economic and social) which made possible or motivated the elaboration of the urban social rights and the collective struggle for these rights. As it was realized, the fact that the urban expansion in the city must have occurred by legal plotting, although contributing to the non-proliferation of slums and illegal area occupation, did not provide the outskirt population access to public equipment and services indispensable to acceptable life standards. This happened because, contrary to public interest, the Municipal Public Administration created a patrimonial urban policy oriented to private interests of urban land owners. In this context, the conquer of a great deal of social urban rights in the outskirts of the town, as well as several public built housing complexes designated to low-income population, started to depend on, in great measure, to the collective mobilization of its inhabitants who, from the 1940s on, began to get more conscious about their rights, as town citizens and tax payers, having as reference the public equipment and services already available to the residents of more prominent town areas, launching, thus, the struggle for improvements. As a consequence of this historic trajectory characterized by the predominance of private over public interest, contrary to what advertisers have been defending, the city of Franca has always presented urban problems related to the ones... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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This thesis has examined the idea of Antichrist, much converted in the nineteenth century, as a key to the prophetic thought of John Henry Newman, one of England's most gifted writers of Victorian prose. Using Przywara's A Newman Synthesis as a model, all of Newman's writings on Antichrist have been collated chronologically in order to trace the development of the subject in Newman's mind. In another section his principles of prophetic interpretation are outlined along with their application to his major study of patristic interpretation, Tract 83: Advent Sermoas on Antichrist published in 1838. In a concluding section, the Antichrist theme has been placed in the context of Newman's whole prophetic outlook and its significance for today.