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Thesis, 1983. / Bibliogr. p. 432-439.

Sowohl in den Romanen als auch in den Novellen und Erzählungen beschäftigt sich Bergengruen immer wieder mit dem Thema der Gerechtigkeit. In diesem Zusammenhang taucht stets die Frage auf, ob irdische Gerechtigkeit überhaupt möglich ist, und wenn, ob sie eine Kardinaltugend ist, nach welcher der Mensch unbedingt streben soll. Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit soil nun gezeigt werden, wie der Mensch richtet und was für Formen daher irdische Gerechtigkeit annimmt. Im zweiten Teil sind es aussermenschliche Mächte und vor allem Gott, die Gerechtigkeit ausüben. Das Gerechtigkeitsprinzip wurzelt in einer von Gott beherrschten Welt der "ewigen Ordnungen". Diese Welt gerät durch ein Vergehen in Unordnung, und der daran Schuldige wird einem Gericht unterstellt. Der Richter muss versuchen, die Ordnung wieder herzustellen. Auf diesen sich in einer "Grenz-situation" befindenden Menschen ist das Hauptinteresse Bergen-gruens gerichtet. In dieser Situation wird der Richter gezwungen zu urteilen. Es bestehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten für ihn, denn er kann sich entweder für ein gerechtes oder für ein ungerechtes Urteil entscheiden. Er wird auch oft, weil Gerechtigkeit auf Erden nicht immer möglich ist, bei allem Bemühen keinen gerechten Richtspruch fällen können. Er kann sich aber auch für überrechtliches Richten entscheiden. Überrechtlich richtet der Richter, wenn Gnade und Liebe eine starre Gerechtigkeit, die vom Buchstaben abhängt, überflügelt. Die Ordnung der Welt kann also auch durch Begnadigung des Täters wieder hergestellt werden. In manchen Fällen kann der Schuldige von menschlichen Richtern nicht erreicht werden. Doch auch das Gewissen kann ihn richten und somit einer allwaltenden göttlichen Gerechtigkeit zu ihrer Erfüllung verhelfen. Göttliche Gerechtigkeit ist oft anders als menschliche. Was hier auf Erden als Ungerechtigkeit erscheint, kann bei Gott als Gerechtigkeit gelten, oder umgekehrt. Auch Gott kann eingreifen, wenn der Täter vom irdischen Gericht nicht erfasst wird, auf dass die ewigen Gesetze erfüllt werden. Hierzu tragen auch, hauptsächlich im Frühwerk, dämonische Mächte und das Reich der Toten bei. Diese Untersuchung hat zu dem Ergebnis geführt, dass völlige Gerechtigkeit bei Bergengruen selten erreicht werden kann. Es besteht immer die Gefahr, dass sie in starre Buchstabengerechtigkeit ausartet. Diese gehört zwar mit in Bergengruens Weltbild, doch sie soll, falls die Gelegenheit dazu da ist, der Gnade weichen. Der Richter soll neutestamentlich, überrechtlich richten. Zu dieser Anschauung gelangt Bergengruen erst als reiferer Dichter. Sie ist teilweise eine Folge seines Bekenntnisses zum Christentum. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

John Robson, one of the most forceful and dynamic personalities of British Columbia's history, was editor and proprietor of the New Westminster British Columbian during the colonial period. This thesis is an attempt to appraise the importance of Robson in the development of the colony primarily from a study of his newspaper writings from 1861 to 1869. Such a study has distinct limitations: it is not possible to delineate accurately Robson's personality solely from what is revealed in his newspaper, and one cannot claim to arrive at specific conclusions without abandoning fundamental principles of historical research. Nevertheless it is hoped that some appreciation of Robson's importance can be gained from a close study of his newspaper over an eight-year period. Because of the veritable mine of information that is revealed in Robson's writings, it has been necessary to limit the topic considerably. No attempt has been made to embrace the multitude of subjects which Robson discussed in his journal. Those selected for consideration are subjects which illustrate to advantage Robson's attitude toward the question of developing the colony's resources and his opinions on matters of economic, social, and political importance. Since this work is concerned only with an appraisal of the editor's attitude to these subjects, and since some of them are but minor threads in the fabric of the region’s history, no attempt has been made to trace the history of each topic. An introductory chapter opens the work. In it the geographical environment is discussed, to indicate the importance of geography in the colony's development. This is followed by brief comments upon the character of the men who were drawn to the region during the colonial period, and leads to a section of approximately twenty pages which outlines the history of the colony from 1855, when gold was first found in the region, to 1861, the year of the founding of Robson's newspaper. In the second chapter an attempt has been made to gather together the known facts of Robson's youth and formative years to serve as an introduction to this important personality. Because of the paucity of available material on his early life, the section of Robson is necessarily brief and incomplete. The second part of this chapter is devoted to a brief discussion of Robson's newspaper, to indicate the medium through which the editor presented his views. Embodied in this section is a sketch of the history of the newspaper from 1861 to 1869. In chapter three Robson's attitude toward the development of the colony's resources is discussed. Seven aspects of this topic are considered: immigration, surveying the colony's resources, agriculture, land policy, lumbering, fishing, and manufacturing (these three being considered together), mining, and roads. Considerable use was" made of quotations from The British Columbian in this chapter and in chapter four: the latter considers the editor's attitude toward eight other questions of public importance during the colonial period. These include Robson's opinions on an export tax on gold, retrenchment in government expenditures, a northern route to the interior, the Indian question, education, union of the colonies, Confederation with Canada, and the location of the capital of the united colony. In conclusion, an attempt is made to appraise Robson's writings and to indicate those qualities of this pioneer editor which are revealed in his newspaper. A bibliographical note, in which emphasis is placed upon The British Columbian as the most important source for the thesis, concludes this study of a pioneer British Columbia editor and his newspaper. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

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Texte remanié de : Thèse de doctorat : Philosophie : Paris 1 : 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 225-233.

No description available.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of History, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

C.M. Özveren, A.S. Willsky. / Caption title. "1990 IFAC World Congress"--Leaf 1. / Includes bibliographical references. / Supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. AFOSR-88-0032 Supported by the Army Research Office. DAAL03-86-K0171

Werner Bergengruen has written Das Beichtsiegel as a story, but I believe that except for its narrative form, this story is a Seelendrama in the tradition of Goethe’s Tasso. Das Beichtsiegel answers the definition of a Seelendrama and fulfils its purpose. In a Seelendrama the action takes place within the soul of the hero. His soul is torn by an inner conflict. As it is impossible to escape one’s own soul, the conflict tears the hero apart. In the first part of my thesis I have made a comparison between Das Beichtsiegel and Tasso. This comparison reveals that both characters, Goethe’s Tasso and Bergengruen’s Priest Martin, suffer from conflicts of the soul, and these conflicts finally destroy each man in its inner-self. In the second part of my thesis I have analyzed the reasoning and actions of Priest Martin. Through the confession of a stranger Martin finds out about an alleged murder plot against Princess Elisabeth, the daughter of Count von Thann-Ballenstein, whose confessor Martin is. The confession seals Martin’s lips and forces him to live in constant fear. Martin tries in vain to protect Elisabeth from her alleged fate. The priest turns into a detecti ve and Elisabeth’s lifeguard. In his soul there arises the conflict between his duty of confessional silence and his love for Elisabeth. Finally Martin must bow to God’s will and admit that each person must accept, bear and fulfil his own fate. According to the dramatic effect, I have divided Das Beichtsiegel into five scenes, in which I have followed Martin’s agony step by step. The secondary literature used in this part consists of thirteen sources, which I collected during my study year in Germany.