This paper is a study of Walt Whitman's influence in England, Northern European countries, Southern Europe, Latin America, and other countries.

No description available.

No description available.

The primary purpose of this study is to show that anticipations of the "art for art's sake" theory can be found in Tennyson's poetry which is in line with the tenets of aestheticism and symbolism, and to show that Tennyson's lyricism is a "Palace of Art" in which his tragic emotions-- sadness, sorrow, despair, and melancholic sensibility--were built into beauty.

A fines del siglo XIX en Lima, luego de un período republicano marcado por las guerras que reafirmaran la independencia, el conflicto con Chile y la posterior ocupación de Lima, se produce una de las más encarnizadas guerras civiles de la historia: la lucha por el poder entre Andrés A. Cáceres y Nicolás de Piérola. Nunca antes se había librado una batalla ideológica y mediática tan intensa y violenta en torno al poder. Y, en esta etapa, la caricatura política protagonizó grandes y contundentes espacios dentro de la prensa combativa de un bando y otro. Certeros ataques del lápiz, la pluma y la represión en la carrera por el sillón presidencial. / Tesis

The purpose of this thesis is to organize and examine Walt Whitman's poetic representations and discussions of laborers and labor issues in order to argue that form a distinct "poetics" of labor in Leaves of Grass. This poetics of labor reveals that Whitman was attempting to enlarge the audience for American poetry by representing American society at work in poetry. Whitman also used labor as a poetic subject in order to justify the work of the poet in that society. In this sense, Whitman's poetics of labor is comprised of numerous demonstrations of his argument for the labor of poetry because the representation of America at work is contained within the work of the poet. The organization of this thesis rests upon a distinction between the work of the hands and the work of the mind. This distinction resonates in nineteenth century American literature, and it is especially important to debates about the status of the writer in a working democratic society. This question figures prominently in the works of Emerson and Thoreau, and a central issue for both of them is whether or not the writer should participate in the work of the hands. Whitman engages in this debate as well, and argues that the poet can participate in all kinds of work through poetic representation. He participates by representing workers in poetry, and in Whitman's argument the poet then becomes a representative of those workers. A central premise of this thesis is that Whitman's poetry of labor demonstrates an attempt to ensure that America works according to Whitman's interpretation of democracy. This is most apparent in poems where he directly addresses his working audience, and those addresses reveal a specific ideology behind Whitman's poetics of labor. That is, Whitman attempts to level the implicit hierarchical organization of different kinds of work. For instance, in such poems as "Song for Occupations" and "Song of the Broad-Axe," Whitman engages in a conversation with manual laborers in an effort to acknowledge their value and significance to the democratic process. As he celebrates their contribution, he also associates his own work with them, and argues for the · usefulness of such poetry to that process as well. In such poems as "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer'' and "To A Historian," Whitman addresses those who labor with the mind in order to include them in the dialogue, and also to argue that the majority of that work needs to be revised because its claim for authority perpetuates hierarchical distinctions. Whitman offers poetry as a solution, and argues that it is central to democracy because it "completes" all labor by fusing the work of the community with the work of shaping individual identity that comes from reading and writing poetry. This thesis draws upon New Historicist methodologies and approaches to Whitman in order to reconstruct the significance of labor in Whitman's poetics. The poetry which directly addresses laborers and labor issues in Leaves of Grass forms the basis of the argument, but Whitman's relevant prose is considered in detail as well. In particular, Democratic Vistas is examined for its claims that the "work" of poetry is itself incomplete. "Work" is used here to refer both to the aesthetic object and the effort involved in reading it. In other words, Whitman argues that the work of poetry, like the work of democracy, is a continuous, recursive process.

Not available / text

This thesis examines the reasons why Walt Whitman has been a "puzzle" to literary critics for well over a century. It shows the correspondence between Walt Whitman's work and the mystical tradition of East as also interpreted by American Transcendentalists. Enquiry into "self" is the central theme of most of Whitman's work. Two aspects of this enquiry have been investigated in this thesis and compared with the Upanishads: the development of self; and the use of contradictions as a means of conveying meaning. Both aspects support the view that Whitman displays a worldview not in accordance with the popular Western view in which God and man are entirely different and can never meet on equal terms. Whitman's view can be compared to that of the American Transcendentalists and Neoplatonists which finds a sympathetic chord in the native European tradition of humanistic values as well as in the Upanishads. Whitman works from a state of consciousness that is different in spirit and structure from the Hegelian dialectical principle which has wielded so much influence over Western thought. Whitman's poetry is remarkably akin to that of the Upanishadic writers in whose consciousness the subject and object have fused into one. Whitman is shown to draw his ideas from a depth of the human psyche that is often associated with Eastern thought but which is also present in the West. Four stances of self in Whitman's work have been identified which are seen to be related to, but not identical with, four states of consciousness in the Upanishads. The thesis concludes that not only is there a remarkable degree of correspondence between Walt Whitman and the Upanishads, both in respect to development of the self and use of contradictions, but that interpreting him in the light of the Upanishads provides another modern opportunity for meeting of the East and the West.

The study has two main aims: it presents an overview of Tsvetaeva's poetic world and it analyses one of her major themes, that of the conflict between the lyric hero and reality. / Close reading of Tsvetaeva's entire oeuvre reveals a system of invariant themes, motifs and their concrete manifestations; this system is hierarchically organized. / The study describes the structure of Tsvetaeva's artistic universe: its mutually opposed worlds ("this", non-authentic, and "the other", authentic) and its different types of characters. / Particular attention is given to the peculiarities of Tsvetaeva's lyric hero, notably intensity, the "two-fold nature", and the predilection for conflict. Analysis focuses on various forms of conflict of the lyric hero--with the world, with life, and with the self. This demonstrates the total disharmony of Tsvetaeva's universe.

Germaine Tailleferre (1892-1983) is best known as the only woman in the "Groupe des Six". This thesis purports to shed greater light on her work, hitherto largely unknown, as well as to present biographical information and a catalogue of compositions. / The analytical study intends to demonstrate expertise, which lay in the use of the "motive" as a generative component of form. In order to demonstrate the latter concept, an analytical model has been developed comprising three methods of analysis: motivic, reductive and formal. Three pieces of different genres and styles representative of Tailleferre's work have been analyzed using this analytical model: (1) Quatuor a cordes (1917-1919); (2) it Image (1918); (3) Cantate du Narcisse (1938). / Musical analysis of these pieces reveals the "organic cohesion" in Tailleferre's work, which consists of an intrinsic relation between motive and form.