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There has been relatively little historical analysis of the life and work of Hayim Zelig Slonimski (1810-1904), the foremost popularizer of the sciences in the Eastern European Jewish Enlightenment movement. Initially inspired by the rationalist trend and discussion of scientific matters in the classical Jewish religious sources, he succeeded in linking these traditionally sanctioned modes of thought to the burgeoning field of nineteenth century science. / Slonimski thought that the dissemination of scientific knowledge among the traditionalist Jewish readership would strengthen their commitment to rationalism and the belief in progress, fundamental principles of liberalism, and thus facilitate the secularization and modernization of Eastern European Jewry. He was eminently successful in his strategy of using the holy tongue, Hebrew, to popularize modern science among his traditional readers. His periodical Ha-Tsefirah (The Herald) represents a significant and unique contribution to the advancement of the Jewish Enlightenment's program among Eastern European Jewry.

Graham Greene has stated that he believes there to be an undercurrent of fantasy running through all of his work that has largely gone unnoticed by his critics. Within the context of any discussion on Greene can be found a starting point for an evaluation of his work in terms of the fantastic and fantasy. Eric S. Rabkin defines fantasy as the inverse of reality. In a fantasy world, the ground rules, expectations, and perspectives of everyday experience are reversed, or diametrically opposed, and the effect is a sense of hesitation and wonder. All of Greene's fiction describes worlds divided. He constructs borders that continuously separate people, places, situations, motivations, perspectives, objectives, and states of mind. Each side of the border describes a world that is the opposite of the other. The reality of one side is turned over on the other side, and life on the border is unpredictable and uncertain. The concept of alternate realities and other worlds which characterize fantasies, can be applied to all of Greene's works in general, and more specifically to a particular group of the fiction which exhibits a much higher degree of fantastic content.

This study is concerned with the question of the treatment of time in economic theory. It is a clarification of how different interpretations of the concept of time intervene in the process of building economic models and in analysing problems of change. It discusses how various interpretations of the notion of time lead to different forms of Economic Dynamics which are not necessarily compatible with each other. / This perplexing question of time is made concrete by the analysis of the writing of an eminent modern economist, Sir John Hicks. He has been very much concerned with the treatment of time in economic theory. The methods he used to try and deal with time in economic analysis, together with his commentaries on the issue, will serve to illustrate the difficulties involved.

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Note: / Graham Greene’s first three novels are historical adventure stories. For example, the man within, published in 1929, is the story of a young man who betrays his fellow smugglers into the hands of the law. The examination of his fear because of his knowledge that they will be avenged, constitutes the main material of the book. The novels of Greene which appeared in the period 1932-1938, however, have a contemporary setting.

This thesis studies the concept of the baroque as applied to the works of the Cuban novelist Alejo Carpentier (1904-1980). It revisits the original inspiration that the writer found in baroque architecture and sculpture, as expressed in the articles he wrote from Spain in the early 1930s, and follows his use of baroque culture in each of his novels. It is found that, through his attempt to create a period ambience for his historical fictions by incorporating into his novels descriptions of the art and architecture of the Baroque era, and by imitating the literary style of Spanish Golden Age writers, he ultimately produced a parodic and ironic style that was put to a highly original use even in those works set in the contemporary period. Finally, the mature works produced in the last decade of Carpentier's life are studied, and the continuities and discontinuities between these works and those of previous periods are examined, in order to arrive at a critical assessment of the potential to renovate the Latin American novel created by this writer's use of the baroque. Throughout this thesis the primary focus is placed upon the role played by the visual arts, including architecture, in Carpentier's development of baroque themes and style, a secondary focus being placed upon literary influences. Thus the importance for Carpentier of various writers and artists is examined, such as Cervantes, Quevedo, Piranesi, Vico, Goya, Barr????s and d'Ors. It is found that Carpentier's use of baroque themes, motifs and style enabled him to make a unique contribution to literature in a number of ways: by creating an original means of representing the position of the individual with regard to society and the historical process, by reevaluating Latin American culture and environment vis-????-vis is Europe, and by adopting a postcolonial perspective of cultural self-assertiveness that was to pave the way for the 'boom' in the Latin American novel.