published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

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This dissertation is a combined digital history-narrative history project. It takes advantage of newly digitized historical newspapers and soldier files to explore how the people of Victoria B.C. Canada, over 8000 kilometers from the front, experienced the Great War 1914-1918. Although that experience was similar to other Canadian cities in many ways, in other respects it was quite different. Victoria’s geographical location on the very fringe of the Empire sets it apart. Demographic and ethnic differences from the rest of Canada and a very different history of indigenous-settler relations had a dramatic effect on who went to war, who resisted and how war was commemorated in Victoria. This study of Victoria will also provide an opportunity to examine several important thematic areas that may impact the broader understanding of Canada in the Great War not covered in earlier works. These themes include the recruiting of under-age soldiers, the response to the naval threat in the Pacific, resistance by indigenous peoples, and the highly effective response to the threat of influenza at the end of the war. As the project manager for the City Goes to War web-site, I directed the development of an extensive on-line archive of supporting documents and articles about Victoria during the Great War that supports this work (http://acitygoestowar.ca/). Once reviewed by the committee, this paper will be converted to web format and added to that project. / Graduate

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Este trabalho pretende analisar a «questão das subsistências» em Portugal, no período da Primeira Guerra Mundial, a partir do estudo do caso portuense. Com o deflagrar da Grande Guerra acentuaram-se as debilidades que o país apresentava no que respeitava à produção de bens alimentares, nomeadamente dos cereais. Os preços aumentaram, começaram a aparecer fenómenos de açambarcamento e de contrabando. Por fim, depois do inverno de 1916-1917, a fome fez a sua aparição. Nesse inverno, os Aliados tinham reforçado o bloqueio à Alemanha, tendo esta reagido violentamente, coma guerra submarina no Atlântico, procurando cortar o abastecimento aos países aliados Em todo o lado faltavam matérias-primas e alimentos. Todos os países, beligerantes ou não, mergulharam no caos. Uns mais que outros, mas a maioria, como Portugal, sofreram uma grave crise de subsistências, inflação e fome, acompanhadas por uma crescente agitação operária e popular, greves, motins de rua, insurreições militares e revoluções. Tendo em conta este contexto geral e depois de analisada a legislação produzida para fazer face à questão das subsistências, bem como o grau de eficácia dessa legislação, esta dissertação entra no cerne da problemática em estudo: a situação no Porto, tendo em conta os aspectos particulares da crise nesta cidade, a acção do Governo Civil, a génese da Comissão Municipal de Subsistências e os seus objectivos. [...]

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This dissertation is about a group of influential British publicists on the left-wing of the Liberal Party known as Radicals. The focus is on the year 1917 during the First World War and the Radical publicist’s belief in the necessity of a negotiated settlement as an essential ingredient to achieving a just and lasting peace. These publicists also believed that the United States could play a unique role in mediating an end to the war and reforming the international system. Radical publicists tirelessly campaigned for a revision of Allied war aims and were convinced that alliances, the arms race, secret diplomacy, imperialism and militarism, played a large part in the outbreak of war and its prolongation. They believed that when the peace settlement came, it should not be a peace of vengeance but a just peace that addressed these flaws in the international system. The Radical publicists looked increasingly to the American President Wilson for leadership, while Wilson was drawn to the Radical publicist’s progressive internationalist ideas, particularly the concept of a league of nations. The Conclusion examines the reason for the failure of the Wilsonian strategy to achieve a just and lasting peace in 1919, but points to the enduring legacy of the Radical publicist’s ideas about creating a stable world order. This dissertation finishes by looking at contemporary commentators who advocate an approach to world order in the tradition of the Radical publicists of the First World War / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophisch-historische Fakultät--Universität Bern, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. 388-417. Index.

Habilitationsschrift--Fachbereich Geschichte und Kulturwissenschaften--Marburg--Philipps-Universität, 1999. / Bibliogr. p. 333-380. Index.