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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-21T12:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Tadeu Veroneze.pdf: 2998041 bytes, checksum: bb21bd29bbc98e93306236ef0e99a59b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Tadeu Veroneze.pdf: 2998041 bytes, checksum: bb21bd29bbc98e93306236ef0e99a59b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research aims to analyze "radical needs" in Agnes Heller's view as a contribution to understanding the cyclical and structural crises of capital, in the face of the wave of popular demonstrations and the political-economic crisis of the recent years that has affected Brazil, in particular. The choice of theme stemmed from the contradictions generated by these crises from the recognition of the values of freedom, democracy, equality, equity and social justice, in view of the principles established by its ethical-political-professional project of the Brazilian Social Service. In order to understand the limits and the personal, social and professional contradictions between the subjectivity and the objectivity of the individual and collective social subjects, as well as the social and professional limits and contradictions of the work of Agnes Heller, especially in her everyday life, lack and needs theories, and how to broaden the understanding of freedom and social and human emancipation that mark the emancipatory and revolutionary project of Social Service, having as motto a new sociability "beyond capital". The hypothesis raised here is that "radical needs" provoke the organization of civil society to overcome the status quo of social life tied to the destructive logic of capital, in order to understand the dynamics of social movements and popular manifestations, especially in Brazil, as a mobilization of resistance against the Brazilian political-economic crisis and the macrocorruption scheme that has been established in the country's political and economic system. Through a theoretical-conceptual analysis, based on the Marxian legacy and the Marxist tradition, we start from the thesis that it will only be possible to demolish the existing barriers between working time and non-working time, through the organization of civil society revolutionary subject. Only in this way will revolutionary social changes be realized for the anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist struggles. It is in this direction that Agnes Heller points to a new collective revolutionary subject. The "radical needs" are all those that are born in capitalist society as a consequence of the development of civil society, and that can not be satisfied within the limits of the same, which implies in factors that can lead to the overcoming of capitalism, the wage relationship, the concentration of private property, the class struggle and the loss of the bourgeois state. Only on these bases, of a totally new sociability, we do believe that social individuals can fully develop themselves ("wholly and entirely"), in which work, sociability, consciousness, freedom, ethics, art, philosophy, truly free time and idleness are in conformity with the most authentic aspirations raised within the everyday life and in the valuation of the feeling of community as an ontological-social value. We start from these assumptions because, with the precarization and flexibilization of labor relations, outsourcing, globalization, robotics, new technologies, the increase of the service sector, among other vectors, have caused significant changes in the social body of the working class and in their leadership. Thus, in Agnes Heller's view, it is only with the organization of civil society that it will be possible to destroy the overwhelming and destructive wave of capitalism / A pesquisa trata de analisar as “necessidades radicais”, na visão de Agnes Heller enquanto contribuição para entender as crises cíclicas e a estrutural do capital, frente à onda de manifestações populares e a crise político-econômica dos últimos anos que tem afetado, sobretudo, o Brasil. A escolha do tema partiu das contradições geradas por estas crises a partir do reconhecimento dos valores de liberdade, democracia, igualdade, equidade e justiça social, tendo em vista os princípios estabelecidos pelo projeto ético-políticoprofissional do Serviço Social brasileiro. Buscando aprofundar na obra de Agnes Heller, sobretudo, em sua teoria do cotidiano, dos carecimentos e necessidades, de modo a entender os limites e as contradições pessoais, sociais e profissionais entre a subjetividade e a objetividade dos sujeitos sociais, individuais e coletivos, bem como ampliar o entendimento sobre a liberdade e a emancipação social e humana que balizam o projeto emancipatório e revolucionário do Serviço Social, tendo como mote uma nova sociabilidade “para além do capital”. A hipótese aqui levantada é que as “necessidades radicais” provocam a organização da sociedade civil para a superação do status quo da vida social atrelada à lógica destrutiva do capital, de modo a entender a dinâmica dos movimentos sociais e das manifestações populares, sobretudo no Brasil, enquanto mobilização de resistência frente a crise político-econômica brasileira e o esquema de macrocorrupção que tem se firmado no sistema político e econômico do país. Através de uma análise teóricoconceitual, embasada pelo legado marxiano e pela tradição marxista, partimos da tese de que só será possível a demolição das barreiras existentes entre o tempo de trabalho e o tempo de não-trabalho, através da organização da sociedade civil enquanto sujeito revolucionário. Só assim é que se realizará as mudanças sociais revolucionárias para as lutas anticapitalistas e anti-imperialistas. É nessa direção que Agnes Heller aponta para um novo sujeito coletivo revolucionário. As “necessidades radicais” são todas aquelas que nascem na sociedade capitalista como consequência do desenvolvimento da sociedade civil, e que não podem ser satisfeitas dentro dos limites da mesma, o que implica em fatores que possam levar a superação do capitalismo, da relação de assalariamento, da concentração da propriedade privada, da luta de classes e ao definhamento do Estado burguês. Somente sobre essas bases, de uma sociabilidade inteiramente nova, é que acreditamos que os indivíduos sociais possam se desenvolver plenamente (“por inteiro e inteiramente”), na qual trabalho, sociabilidade, consciência, liberdade, ética, arte, filosofia, tempo verdadeiramente livre e ócio estejam em conformidade com as aspirações mais autênticas suscitadas no interior da vida cotidiana e na valoração do sentimento de comunidade enquanto valor ontológico-social. Partimos desses pressupostos porque com a precarização e flexibilização das relações de trabalho, a terceirização, a globalização, a robótica, as novas tecnologias, o aumento do setor de serviços, entre outros vetores, tem provocado alterações significativas no corpo social da classe operária e em suas lideranças. Assim, na visão de Agnes Heller, somente com a organização da sociedade civil é que será possível destruir a onda avassaladora e de destrutibilidade do capitalismo

Following the writings of philosophers such as Harry Frankfurt, Gary Watson, and Alfred Mele, in this thesis I defend some central claims of the self-control view of human agency. However, I not only defend, but also supplement this view in the following two ways. First, drawing on work by Mary Midgley and Sigmund Freud I advance the claim that self-control requires the experience of internal conflict between an agent’s motivations and intentions. Second, drawing on insights from Simone de Beauvoir and Friedrich Nietzsche, as well as recent research in social psychology and cognitive science, I will argue in this thesis that self-control and vulnerability are inextricably intertwined with one another, and that as a result both are to be seen as constitutive of human agency. While it is the capacity for self-control that marks us out as human agents, I argue that it is also our uniquely human vulnerability which distinguishes our agency from the kind of agency which we might attribute to other potential or actual forms of sentience. Further, while the concepts of human agency and personhood are typically conflated in the analytic tradition of philosophy, in this thesis I will show that there are good reasons for understanding these two concepts as subtly distinct from one another. The term personhood, I will argue, can fruitfully be understood in substantive rather than purely formal terms. A person, in the superlative sense, is to be understood as someone who exercises their agency well; and, as such, persons are answerable to a number of normative prescriptions. Following Midgley, Nietzsche and Martha Nussbaum, I argue against Frankfurt’s normative prescription for personhood in the form of what he calls ‘wholeheartedness’, and offer four normative prescriptions for personhood of my own.

My D.Phil, dissertation sheds new light on German literary decadence around 1900, its universal concepts, plurality of discourses and poetic transformations. The heuristic value of my dissertation is a refined differentiation of Dekadenz which reconstructs the literary history of the concept and for the first time proposes specific poetic constellations. In chapter 1, decadence is reviewed with its rich research heritage and introduced as a decisive concept and discourse of aesthetic modernism. Although much has been written on decadence, the concept is clearly in need of scholarly reconsideration. I argue that decadence is not only a vague epochal construct and an ensemble of motifs, but also encompasses discourses, universal concepts and a versatile literary style. In view of the stylistic eclecticism around 1900, I argue that decadence is a dynamic and malleable concept which can be combined with other aesthetic styles, movements and philosophical contexts depending on the specific author. Chapter 2 contextualizes Dekadenz from its etymology and central discourses to its universal concepts. Etymologically derived from the Latin verb de-cadere decadence signifies a downward movement and a figure of fragmentation. It evokes cultural and political decline especially that of the Roman Empire (décadence romaine) and undergoes various aesthetic transformations (1857-1894). After touching upon the precursors Baudelaire (1857), Bourget (1883) and Bahr (1889-1894), I dwell on Nietzsche to demonstrate the philosophically complex German double evaluation of decadence. I derive three universal concepts from Nietzsche (health vs. sickness, endings vs. new beginnings, fragmentation vs. wholeness) which are crucial to my literary analysis. My comprehensive literary analysis centers on three specific poetic constellations of decadence between late realism and aesthetic modernism. Chapter 3 illuminates Mann's spätrealistische Dekadenz (1894-1924) with his (Nietzschean) double evaluations. Transformations of decadence are shown in his early novellas, Buddenbrooks, Der Tod in Venedig and Der Zauberberg. Chapter 4 illustrates Hofmannsthal's ästhetizistische Dekadenz (1891-1902) in his early essays, his prose fragment Age of Innocence and Das Märchen der 672. Nacht. A significant transformation of decadence is illuminated in Ein Brief (1902), where Nietzschean decadence is concentrated and tentatively overturned. In chapter 5, Rilke's modernistische Dekadenz (1898-1910) is shown from his early fragment Ewald Tragy to his only novel Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge. His novel attempts a poetic 'revaluation of all values' and culminates in the emergence of a genuinely modernist decadence.

This dissertation analyses the protagonists in The Dispossessed, The Left Hand of Darkness, and Tehanu by Ursula K. Le Guin, and looks at the extent to which they confront the Jungian archetype of the anima. I demonstrate that individuation and wisdom are not achieved in these characters until they confront the anima archetype within their individual psyches. I analyse the experiences and behaviour of each protagonist in order to identify anima confrontation (or lack thereof), and I seek to prove that such confrontation precipitates maturity and wisdom, which are goals of the hero's journey. The essential qualities of the anima archetype are wisdom, beauty and love. These qualities require acceptance of vulnerability. I argue that the protagonist is far from anima integration when he displays hatred and fear of vulnerability, and conclude that each protagonist is integrated with the anima when wisdom, beauty and love are evident in his character. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

This thesis examines selected speculative novels by Margaret Atwood, Ursula K. Le Guin, Doris Lessing and Marge Piercy. It argues that a specifiable ecological ethic can be traced in their work – an ethic which is explored by them through the tensions between utopian and dystopian discourses. The first part of the thesis begins by theorising the concept of an ecological ethic of respect for the Other through current ecological philosophies, such as those developed by Val Plumwood. Thereafter, it contextualises the novels within the broader field of science fiction, and speculative fiction in particular, arguing that the shift from a critical utopian to a critical dystopian style evinces their changing treatment of this ecological ethic within their work. The remainder of the thesis is divided into two parts, each providing close readings of chosen novels in the light of this argument. Part Two provides a reading of Le Guin’s early Hainish novels, The Left Hand of Darkness, The Word for World is Forest and The Dispossessed, followed by an examination of Piercy’s Woman on the Edge of Time, Lessing’s The Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five, and Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale. The third, and final, part of the thesis consists of individual chapters analysing the later speculative novels of each author. Piercy’s He, She and It, Le Guin’s The Telling, and Atwood’s Oryx and Crake are all scrutinised, as are Lessing’s two recent ‘Ifrik’ novels. This thesis shows, then, that speculative fiction is able to realise through fiction many of the ideals of ecological thinkers. Furthermore, the increasing dystopianism of these novels reflects the greater urgency with which the problem of Othering needs to be addressed in the light of the present global ecological crisis.

This dissertation analyses the protagonists in The Dispossessed, The Left Hand of Darkness, and Tehanu by Ursula K. Le Guin, and looks at the extent to which they confront the Jungian archetype of the anima. I demonstrate that individuation and wisdom are not achieved in these characters until they confront the anima archetype within their individual psyches. I analyse the experiences and behaviour of each protagonist in order to identify anima confrontation (or lack thereof), and I seek to prove that such confrontation precipitates maturity and wisdom, which are goals of the hero's journey. The essential qualities of the anima archetype are wisdom, beauty and love. These qualities require acceptance of vulnerability. I argue that the protagonist is far from anima integration when he displays hatred and fear of vulnerability, and conclude that each protagonist is integrated with the anima when wisdom, beauty and love are evident in his character. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

Synopsis :<p><p>La thèse démontre la force du discours de la survivance à travers tant l’essai que le roman, respectivement chez deux auteurs représentatifs et exemplaires. Jean Améry est l’initiateur d’un discours où l’accent est mis sur l’expérience de la privation totale de liberté et sur le suicide comme paroxysme de l’acte libre voulu par le survivant des camps de concentration. Imre Kertész fonde, lui, une écriture synonyme de stratégie de survie. Le suicide y constitue le moyen fictionnel, pour l’être survivant, de regagner sa liberté et son propre « destin ».<p><p><p><p>Résumé :<p><p>La thèse se propose d´analyser l´articulation littéraire du thème de la survivance, thème étudié à travers un corpus déterminé. « Articulation littéraire » est à entendre ici au sens de vecteur d’écriture dans l’acception la plus riche, à savoir depuis la représentation, les procédés littéraires jusqu’au processus lui-même. Le titre original du texte s’articule autour du vocable « Weiterüberleben », lequel opère une synthèse entre les deux facettes « survivre » et « continuer à vivre ».<p><p>A cet égard, le choix du terme « survivance » en français semblait très approprié. Celui-ci s’oppose dans un premier temps au mot usuel de « survie » par l’accent qu’il met sur l’action, la durée, la continuité ainsi que l’irréversibilité de cette expérience. <p>Dans un deuxième temps, dire « survivance » signifie introduire d’emblée un impact philosophique intentionnel qui place le phénomène étudié dans le sillage conceptuel de Derrida – différance, restance, absence, démeurance. A ce titre, la survivance peut être considérée comme trace et hantise au même moment.<p><p>Dès lors, le mouvement exprimé dans le titre sert de matrice ;dans le « discours sur la survivance », la survie n’est plus la condition d’écriture mais le véritable objet et, si l’on veut, l’objectif de cette écriture. Ce discours articule a) une reconquête de la dignité et liberté qui contient la possibilité du suicide, b) le vœu de continuer à faire vivre la mémoire à la Shoah et aux survivants et c) l’écriture comme stratégie de survie et résistance contre l’oubli.<p>Le centre de gravité de ce travail est l’étude du rapport entre l´expérience des survivants des camps de concentration et l’écriture de celle-ci. Il s´agit dès lors de se pencher sur les formes d´écriture qui traitent de cette problématique. Le témoignage, d´abord :quel est son rôle en tant que mise en parole d’une expérience ?A côté du témoignage, on observe l´émergence du traitement fictionnel de la thématique.<p><p>Une interrogation sur les modes d´émergence littéraire de ce sujet nécessite le passage par une historiographie parcourant les principales tentatives antérieures de représentation. Le témoignage a d´ores et déjà offert des possibilités intéressantes en tant que vecteur de représentation mais a également révélé ses limites. La fiction a montré quelle portée elle peut avoir ;si elle permet entre autres une ouverture du discours, elle se heurte aussi à des obstacles tels que les problèmes de la factualité, de la vérité, de l´authenticité. <p><p>Tout en puisant chez bon nombre d´autres écrivains, la thèse se base sur un corpus de deux auteurs emblématiques pour ce qu´ils ont apporté dans le domaine concerné :Jean Améry et Imre Kertész.<p><p>Le choix de Jean Améry se justifie notamment par le fait qu’il est l’initiateur d´un discours de la survivance où l´accent est mis sur l´expérience de la privation totale de liberté et sur le suicide comme paroxysme de l´acte libre voulu par le survivant. Kertesz, prix Nobel 2002, apparaît comme l’héritier d´Améry mais, dans une sorte de retournement, transforme le discours négatif de celui-ci en un discours positif par une analyse en termes de dialogicité et d´intertextualité. <p><p>Notre point de départ dans l’œuvre d’Améry est son essai sur la torture (« Par-delà le crime et le châtiment », 1966). C’est là qu’il insiste sur l’irréversibilité du moment subjectif qu’est la torture (« Celui qui a été torturé reste torturé ») ;Améry construit à cet endroit le fondement de la « perspective de la victime » et pose, dans le voisinage immédiat, la question de savoir comment surmonter l’insurmontable. <p><p>Avec le concept de « contre-violence », Améry explore le paradoxe de la libération – ou la « réversibilité de l’irréversible » – à travers les crises existentielles de son protagoniste (et alter ego) Lefeu (artiste-survivant); son roman-essai « Lefeu ou la démolition » donne lieu à l’analyse de ce phénomène paradoxal, cher à l’auteur.<p><p>L´exposé des quatre concepts fondamentaux d´Améry, également fondateurs de tout discours sur l´Holocauste – la perte de la confiance existentielle, le ressentiment, l´exil et la judéité – prépare la voie à une analyse détaillée du discours sur le suicide déployé dans « Porter la main sur soi ». En franchissant les frontières de la psychologie et les limites de la langue, Améry procède à une phénoménologie du suicide qui souligne la liberté individuelle mais qui écarte en même temps l´individu de la société.<p><p>Imre Kertész, dont l´œuvre marque le passage vers la fiction par sa trilogie « Etre sans destin », « Le refus », « Kaddish pour l´enfant qui ne naîtra pas », place l´individu dans toute sa fragilité face à l´Histoire nazie et communiste en faisant de celui-ci un survivant « sans destin », c´est-à-dire sans existence personnelle. Regagner son propre destin devient la modalité de la survivance. <p>Une analyse détaillée de son essai « L’Holocauste comme culture » inscrit d’emblée Imre Kertész dans la filiation de Jean Améry. Cet essai peut être lu comme un manifeste éthico-esthétique ;il insiste sur la nécessité de transposer l’expérience vécue dans l’espace littéraire. A cette condition seulement, le survivant réussit à survivre grâce et à travers les œuvres qu’il crée. Il y réussit en effet à figurer la « catharsis » ou à transfigurer la matière brute du vécu pour pouvoir continuer à survivre. <p><p>Tout en refusant catégoriquement le suicide pour des raisons éthiques, Kertész met paradoxalement en scène au cœur de Liquidation le suicide d´un écrivain né à Auschwitz. Il pose ainsi la question de « ce qui reste » de l’expérience de la survie après la disparition des survivants et, donc, au-delà de la possibilité d’en témoigner.<p><p>L’analyse monographique de ces deux auteurs permet, d’une part, de démontrer la relation référentielle qui lie Kertész à Améry, d’autre part, d’étudier la problématique à travers deux générations, deux appartenances historiques et deux univers culturels différents. Elle débouche ainsi sur une histoire interculturelle et transgénérationelle de la survivance à l’époque des totalitarismes.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished