This study investigated the effects of monetary and fiscal policy actions upon the real outputs of a large number of individual economic sectors. Two main hypotheses were tested: (1) monetary and fiscal policy actions have direct effects upon sectoral outputs, in addition to indirect effects working through the influence of general economic activity; (2) monetary and fiscal policy actions have differential direct effects among the sectors, such that stabilization policy actions affect the composition of aggregate production. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this investigation is the application of the penetration model for gas absorption with chemical reaction in a stirred reactor and the evaluation of the parameters of the penetration model, viz. the gas-liquid interfacial area and gas-liquid particle contact time, for the different agitation intensities and gas rates. The values of these parameters for the model were determined by measuring the rates of absorption of carbon dioxide into caustic solutions and then forcing the model to give values of the parameter consistent with observed rates of absorption. The contact times and interfacial areas were determined for five agitation rates ranging from 150 revolutions of the agitator to 350 and for five gas input rates ranging from superficial gas velocities of 0.29 centimeter per second to about 1.2 centimeters per second. These parameters were evaluated for three different caustic strengths. The interfacial areas show discrepancies in values for the three different caustic strengths. These results, together with the work of an earlier investigator, seem to suggest that, for design and scale-up purposes for gas absorption in solutions, experiments be set up with the solutions of actual interest. The interfacial areas obtained correlate well] with the correlations given by Calderbank, which is based on the work of Hinze on bubble sizes in turbulent regimes. The gas-liquid particle contact times are again found to be dependent on the intensity of agitation and the gas rates. A correlation based on the theory of isotropic turbulence has been proposed and found to correlate the data well. / Ph. D.

The Lower Cbazyan (Middle Ordovician) Blackford Formation of the area studied consists of dominantly carbonate rocks deposited in a shallow sea which transgressed on a subaerially eroded carbonate terrane having up to 110 feet of relief locally. The lower two-thirds was deposited in a generally supratidal environment and grades up into rocks deposited in the gradually deepening waters of the intertidal and shallow subtidal environments. The Blackford is divisible into three parts. The lowermost part, which laterally is limited in extent, is a red to purple or yellow green breccia-conglomerate of chert and dolomite clasts in a silty to sandy argillaceous dolomite matrix. The middle part is brownish red to purplish red locally green and mottled, dolomite to dolomitic sandy siltstone. It is locally conglomeratic. It contains algal and faunal debris locally, and varying quantities of terrigenous detritus, including chert and dolomite clasts, rounded quartz grains) quartz crystals, an illite-mica-chlorite clay mineral suite, and a heavy mineral suite characterized by hematite, magnetite and kyanite. This terrigenous detritus dominantly was derived locally, from the unconformably subjacent Canadian (Lower Ordovician) Knox dolomites. The upper part of the Blackford is a sequence of gray to yellowish and greenish gray argillaceous calcilutites to calcareous claystones which grade into the overlying Elway Limestone. This part contains algae algal stromatolites, ostracodes, bryozoa and rare trilobites. Nodular black chert is locally present in the uppermost part. The proportion of coarse clastics and dolomite decreases upward whereas the clay content increases abruptly in the upper beds. The new assemblage is definitely volcanic. Abundant we11 preserved conodonts found with the biotite and apatite are potentially useful for precise paleontologic dating of this volcanism. The volcanic zone in the upper Blackford may be one previously recognized by Laurence in Lower Chazyan rockS at Douglas Dam, Tennessee. The Blackford volcanic zone is homotaxial with a bentonite recognized by Fox and Grant near Chattanooga and in Rhea County, Tennessee, and with one found by Miller and Fuller in the Rose Hill district, Lee County, Virginia, but it is somewhat older than either. The fairly widespread extent of the argillaceous limestones-calcareous claystones of the upper Blackford, and implicitly their contained conodont population, indicates that these synchronous units may be traceable over large areas of southwest Virginia. They are therefore potentially useful as a Olazyan reference time plane in this part of the Appalachians. / Ph. D.

Seventy five mature and 520 prepuberal Dublin Disease Resistant rats were utilized to study the effects of exogenous hormones upon various reproductive phenomena. Ovulation was induced in 45 day old females by means of PMS and HCG. Progesterone (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg) was dissolved in peanut oil and administered subcutaneously daily from day 2 to day 20 post coitus. Estradiol (0.2 mcg) was dissolved in peanut oil and administered subcutaneously on day 3 post coitus. Control rats received oil only. / Ph. D.

This thesis constitutes a study in the field of approximation theory and is restricted to sets defined on the complex plane. The main objective is to present means that have been used to determine whether a sequence of polynomials can be considered as being uniformly convergent to a given analytic function and if convergence can be considered stronger than uniform. Background material is given in Chapter I. This includes definitions of point sets and of measures of approximation. Also basic theorems concerning both approximation and conformal mapping are given. In Chapter II properties of conformal mappings are established. The theorems discussed lead to a statement of necessary and sufficient conditions for a mapping of a simply connected region onto the interior of the unit circle to be homeomorphic on the closure of the region. The bulk of the work presented in Chapter II is based on definitions and theorems given by Caratheodory and Markushevich. The last chapter puts to use the theorems given in Chapters I and II to prove Walsh's Theorem and Farrell's Theorem. Other theorems originally presented by Walsh and Mergelyan are also discussed in Chapter III. The thesis concludes with examples of sequences uniformly convergent but not convergent in a given measure of approximations in order to show the reader that the latter property is stronger. / M.S.

The cost of handling and disposal of sewage sludge is a major expense in sewage treatment. Often half of the treatment plant expense is in the purchase and maintenance of sludge handling equipment. The sludge problem becomes particularly acute with activated sludge processes because of the large volumes of waste activated sludge produced and the nature of the activated sludge itself. The object of this investigation was to conduct laboratory scale investigations of the effects of aerobic digestion on activated sludge dewatering and to attempt to determine the chemical and biological mechanisms affecting sludge filterability. The results of this investigation showed that aerobic digestion can have a considerable effect on sludge filterability. The filterability of all sludges was improved with moderate aeration at 20° C. The degree of improvement depends on the nature of the fresh sludge, the rate of aeration during digestion, the temperature during digestion, and the time of digestion with the optimum time of digestion between four to six days. The mechanism of filtration improvement during aerobic digestion appears to be biological in nature. Biologically produced extracellular polymeric substances are secreted by or exposed on the surface of bacteria during the endogenous phase of metabolism. These polymers cause coagulation and bridging between sludge particles, thus affecting the filtering properties. This phenomenon occurs only when oxygen is present in the system. However, the organisms responsible can survive up to four days without the artificial addition of oxygen. A study of various operating parameters in aerobic digestion leads to some further conclusions regarding sludge filtration. Factors which have a detrimental effect on filtration are: lack of dissolved oxygen, excessive mixing, low temperature during digestion, and chlorination of sludge before filtering. Factors which do not appear to have a significant effect on filtration are: differences in dissolved oxygen concentrations above two mg per liter, and the maintenance of a neutral pH in the digester. / Ph. D.

The plane strain solution is obtained for the natural vibrations and impulse response of a thin circular cylinder containing an added line mass. The solution for a uniform cylinder is derived by taking the added mass to be zero. Numerical calculations of the frequencies and mode shapes for several of the lower modes are presented in graphical form for various values of the added mass. The general impulse response solution for arbitrary initial conditions is obtained by normal mode theory. For both the natural vibrations and impulse response, the theory is found to be in reasonable agreement with available experimental results. In a particular mode, four distinct solution states are found to exist: a symmetrical and anti-symmetrical branch for each class of vibration, flexural and extensional. Noteworthy features revealed by this investigation are the difference in frequency and mode shape of each solution state and the presence of coupling between the flexural and extensional classes, particularly noticeable in the extensional class mode shapes. In comparing impulse response solutions for velocity with and without the added mass, the major influence of the added mass is found to be an increased participation of the flexural class modes, including the rigid body translation, and decreased participation of the extensional class oscillatory modes. / Ph. D.

The investigation of N,N'bis(salicylidene)-1,7-diamino-4-azaheptane, SALLDIPN, N,N'bis(salicylidene)-1,5-diamino-3-azaheptane, SALDIEN, and N,N'bis(salicylidene)-1,5-diamino-3-thiopentanane, SALUAES, as pentadentate ligands is logical in that they offer an analogy to the environment around the cobalt atom in Vitamin B₁₂, I [see Figure I], represented below. These complexes might be expected to give some insight as to the behavior and role of the metal ion as it interacts with the five-donor atoms and hence an insight into the role of the metal ion in Vitamin B₁₂. [See Figure I] Compounds formed by the reaction of Ni(XSAL)₂·2H₂0 with 1,5-diamino-3-azaheptane, DlEN, and Ni(OAc)₂·4H₂O with X-SALDAES were isolated and characterized. In addition to these, alkyl σ-bonded derivatives formed by the reaction of reduced Co(SALDIPN) with R-X were also isolated and characterized. Mass spectra, magnetic moments; X-ray powder patterns, infrared, visible, and near infrared spectra were obtained on the majority of the compounds. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained on the majority of the σ-bonded alkyl complexes. It was concluded that the Ni(X-SALDIEN) complexes are square planar whereas the Ni(X-SALDAES) complexes are distorted square planar or possibly a five-coordinate species. Spin state changes were observed for both complexes when they were dissolvea in pyridine which is in contrast to Ni(X-SALEN). The alkyl derivatives were all primary in nature and very stable to light, air, and H₂0 which in contrast to the alkyl derivatives of Co(X-SALEN) which happen to be photolabile. The geometry around the cobalt atom in R-Co-(SALDIPN) was concluded to be pseudo-octahedral. Reasons for certain anomalies (i.e., magnetic moments, etc.) were discussed in detail. / Master of Science

From the case studies presented, one could conclude that for large values of n the standard deviation of r, the usual estimator of the correlation coefficient, and its transform z are only negligibly affected by variation in skewness or variation in kurtosis, the effect being slightly greater for variation in kurtosis. When the variations are in both skewness and kurtosis, the standard deviation of r and of Z are more affected by non-normality, a few significantly so. In small samples (n=10, n=5) the standard deviations of r and,z are quite visibly larger for variations in skewness and variations in kurtosis. The effect is greater for the simultaneous variation of the two. However, all of the values fall within a 95% confidence interval. It would appear then that the increase in the standard deviation of rand z is due more to the natural rise of the standard deviation in small samples rather than to non-normality. Viewing the studies made in totality we may in final conclusion state that the effect of non-normality on the standard deviation of r for samples of any size is not significant enough for concern; i.e., from this Monte Carlo study we will state that the standard deviation of the sample correlation coefficient is robust to the assumption of normality. / Master of Science

The objectives were (1) to survey the helminthfauna of the beaver, <i>Castor canadensis</i>, collected in western Maryland, particularly Garrett County, (2) to relate the helminth infections to sex, age, weight, and general condition of the beaver, and (3) to record any evidence of gross pathology involving helminths. A sample of 63 beaver, 31 males and 32 females, was obtained from Garrett, Alleghany, and Washington Counties in Maryland through fur sealing stations and the University of Maryland Natural Resources Institute at LaVale. Five helminths were found. <i>Travassosius americanus</i> infected 98,4%; <i>Castorstrongylus castoris</i>, 96.8%; <i>Stichorchis subtriquetrus</i>, 50.8%; <i>Trichostrongylus</i> sp., 36.5%; and <i>Gongylonema</i> sp., 11.1%. The unknown <i>Trichostrongylus</i> species is probably a new host record, while the <i>Gongylonema</i> sp. confirms a tentative description by another researcher in 1916 who speculated on the description of another researcher from an 1896 report. The 63 beaver surveyed were infected with at least one helminth, with a mean number of worms per infection of 220.49 (±67.52). Infections ranged between 8 and 837 helminths. The combined number of helminths per infection decreased with age; the sex had little effect, except for <i>S. subtriquetrus</i> where the rate was slightly greater in females (59%) than in males (42%). The 1½ to 3 year old beaver appear to have higher mean numbers of worms per infection with <i>T. americanus</i> and <i>C. castoris</i> than do younger or older hosts. <i>Gongylonema</i> sp. Was more prevalent in older beaver where they had a greater mean number of worms. The males and females of the helminth occurred in the esophagus of the beaver embedded parallel to each other in zipper-like burrows which caused severe irritation of the mucosal lining. <i>Gonglyonema</i> sp. Appeared to be the only helminth which had obvious pathology connected with its presence in beaver. / M.S.