The purpose of this investigation was to design, build, and test a preparative-scale column which contained a blocked-off center tube, thus forming an annular space for the packing. The chromatographic system for this study consisted of 1-methylnaphthalene injections with helium carrier gas and a liquid phase of Craig polyester succinate on crushed firebrick. The analytical column had an inside diameter of 0.061 inches. For the preparative-scale column, the outer diameter was. 2.075 inches and the inside diameter was 1.050 inches. The operating temperature for both columns was 300 degrees Fahrenheit. The flow rates were 0.012 and 10.30 liters per minute for the analytical and preparative-scale columns, respectively. Several sample sizes were injected on both columns. Variation of HETP with sample size was determined. Preparative-scale column efficiencies were calculated from average HETP's at all sample sizes tested. Efficiencies of 36.5, 33.4, 58.2, 69.3, and 52.7 per cent relative to the analytical column were calculated for preparative-scale injections of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9, milliliters, respectively. HETP for the preparative-scale column was very sensitive to variation in sample size in the range from 0.l to 0.9 milliliters. HETP for the analytical column was not sensitive to variation in sample size in the range from 0.12 to l.00 microliters, as was expected from literature data. / Master of Science

James Breckinridge, frontier aristocrat, was active in the Virginia House of Delegates during the formation of the United States under the new Constitution. He was a member of Congress from 1809-1817, a time when the young nation was beginning to stand on its own and develop internally and internationally. Bearing the Federalist label, Breckinridge' s career fluctuated with Republican mistakes. But he was more of an independent politician than a doctrinaire Federalist. He voted with expediency to benefit his state and his agricultural section of Virginia. Genuinely interested in developing education and transportation in Virginia, he served on a James and Kanawha River canal coanission and he worked with Thomas Jefferson in initiating the new ersity of Virginia. Of great significance to Breckinridge was the Virginia militia of which he was a member from his boyhood days during the Revolution until the War of 1812, when he attained the rank of brigadier general. But it was Breckinridge's estate, Grove Hill, that gave him the status of frontier aristocrat. Breckinridge amassed a land empire in the Valley of Virginia at a time when land could be bought almost for the asking. Soldier, surveyor, lawyer, educator, politician, and planter, Breckinridge led a full and interesting life and can lay claim to being another of Virginia's outstanding citizens. / Master of Arts

Various concentrations of grease were fed to a completely mixed activated sludge laboratory plant and the effects of blending and the addition of a surfactant on removal efficiencies were determined. Blended and unblended raw sewage containing grease was studied to obtain a comparison between the removal efficiencies by organisms acclimated to a synthetic substrate and organisms naturally present in raw sewage. Grease determinations were made by a modification of Loehr and Rohlich's wet analysis method using chloroform as the solvent. The experimental results indicated that grease was readily metabolized by the organisms of activated sludge, that the addition of a surface active agent decreased the removal efficiency, and that blending of raw sewage prior to biological treatment should increase removal efficiencies to greater than 90 per cent. / Master of Science

A method for solving general compressible three-dimensional boundary-layer flows is developed. The equations are initially placed in a Crocco-type form which makes use of similarity variables. A general solution technique which employs an implicit finite-difference scheme that is stable for negative transverse velocities is developed. The solutions for some 10° vertical half-angle elliptical cones of varying ellipticity ratios at up to 8° angle of attack at a Mach number of 7.95 are presented. Skin friction and heat-transfer-rate distributions are presented for all cases. Good agreement has been found with experiment for the heat-transfer rates on circular cones at angle of attack. It has also been determined that increasing ellipticity tended to produce large heat-transfer-rate gradients, and large increases in the peak heat-transfer rates and peak skin frictions. It has also been found that for even moderate angles of attack and small ellipticity ratios the peak heat-transfer rate and peak longitudinal skin friction fall close to the major axis of the cone. / Master of Science

In November, 1966, Tinker Creek, a hard water stream was introduced into Carvin cove Reservoir, a very infertile, water-supply reservoir. This provided an excellent opportunity to study some of the interactions between fish productivity and water quality. Physicochemical conditions were monitored in the reservoir from 1965 to 1968 by the Roanoke City Water Department. These records demonstrated that a significant water quality alteration resulted from the addition of Tinker Creek water. Total hardness and alkalinity were seen to increase from 10 - 20 ppm in 1965 and 1966 to 50 - 60 ppm by the end of 1968. Hydrogen ion concentrations, which averaged about 6.8 before the hard water introduction, had increased to about 7.6 in 1968. The hard water introduction caused variations in the physicochemical conditions of different areas of the reservoir during 1968. Waters nearest the hard water inflow ranged somewhat higher in dissolved nutrients. Bottom fauna distribution and abundance was affected. Greater concentrations of macrobenthic organisms were found in the area nearest the Tinker Creek inflow. High concentrations of fish, especially gizzard shad and white suckers, were found in the area near the hard water inflow. Length-weight relationships and condition indices suggest that bluegills and bullheads were in better physical shape in 1968 than they were in 1951. An age and growth study on the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, indicated that growth rates had doubled in the sucker after the Tinker Creek water was added. / Master of Science

This thesis describes interfacing electronics designed to couple the Magnafile 8502 disk storage unit to the Raytheon PB 440 computer. The computer can use the disk for both data storage and recovery. However, data must be exchanged in blocks of 1024 words (one complete track on the disk). The interfacing was designed incorporating diode-to-transistor logic (DTL) integrated circuits. The PB 440 computer has sufficient speed and capability to effectively use the disk storage unit at an operating speed of 3450 rpm (1725 rpm is also available). The bit transfer rate is approximately 2.1 megahertz. The 32,768 word disk capacity (expandable to 131,072 words) extends the capability of the PB 440 to include commonly used general programming languages. / Master of Science

Three study areas and five techniques were used in this study of movements and activities of dogs and influence of dogs on deer. Radiotracking with telemetry equipment was ineffective due to infrequent and unpredictable movement of dogs. The percentage of licensed dogs estimated from surveys of rural inhabitants was suggested to be inversely related to the number of residents under a dog warden's responsibility. Activity indices determined from sand plot track counts for dogs were insignificantly different for three study areas and for the three seasons. Dogs appeared to be most active in the morning between 7:00 AM and 10:00 AM. Activity and movement data from this study were compared with questionnaire responses from game wardens and biologist and other data. Six dogs were trapped at Big Levels during the fall. Two were instrumented but tracking was ineffective. Approximately 70 percent of the dogs trapped and seen during this study were hounds. Data concerning the age and condition of deer killed by dogs in Virginia were scarce. Freerunning dogs may present less of a problem in eastern Virginia than in western Virginia due to physiography of the region. Dogs are probably a serious mortality factor in deer stocking programs or in areas of low deer numbers. Enforcing dog laws seems to be the most effective way to control free-running logs. Trapping, poisoning, and shooting are desirable techniques only when enforcement methods fail. Deer mortality of dogs is probably neither large nor significant in influencing deer population dynamics statewide. / Master of Science

Economic guidelines for regenerating loblolly pine were developed for Virginia forest landowners. The general procedure used was the structured personal interview. The basic economic guidelines are expected regeneration costs calculated using the actual total regeneration cost and an associated probability of achieving an acceptable stand of loblolly pine. Average expected costs are calculated for the most frequently used regeneration technique-opportunity combinations in Virginia. Results indicate the use of expert opinion is an acceptable procedure for developing economic guidelines. The guidelines appear to be useful in determining which regeneration method to use, as well as aids in determining the future financial yield necessary to justify the initial expected regeneration cost and in computing rate of return on the regeneration investment. / Master of Science

Throughout his completed novels, Nathaniel Hawthorne employs a unique set of character relationships which fall into two divisions: either parasitic or symbiotic in nature. The parasitic relationship occurs between two characters, each having a clearly defined role of host or parasite. This particular bond is distinguished by the parasite who leeches from and often destroys the host. The symbiotic pairing exists between two characters when a reciprocal exchange of services occurs so that both characters profit and depend upon each other for a meaningful existence. These two relationships differ significantly in motivation and effect. Parasitism concerns the parasite's possession of a special power over the host and the exercise of that power with a cold, obsessive intent to fulfill a particular, selfish need. Symbiosis presupposes a relationship between two characters who willingly render reciprocal services to each other. These characters' basic motivation represents a need to relate fully to themselves and other characters. Thus, the parasitic bond is detrimental to both characters, while the symbiotic contact offers some benefit to the symbiants. Nathaniel Hawthorne employs these two character relationships in order to give his characters significant dimensions in their personalities. Once these characters bond together, their potentiality as actual individuals increases. Through these relationships they can fully relate to humanity by attaining self-realization and an undenying love for the universal human community. / Master of Arts

Batch studies to determine the effects of pH on aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge were performed using a detention time of at least 20 days. Total and volatile solids reductions were not affected over a pH range from 3.5 to 9.5. Somewhat greater solids reductions were realized when pH was held constant rather than allowed to vary as occurs with normal aerobic digestion. High reductions in mixed liquor BOD were consistent among digesters over the pH range investigated, however, sludge digested 23 days at pH 9.5 developed a putrescible odor when aeration was discontinued for 24 hours. Cellular carbohydrate and cellular protein accumulated during digestion, but no distinct relation to pH 1 evel was obvious although cellular carbohydrate showed a slightly greater accumulation with lower pH. Striking improvement in the settleability, drainability and filterability of sludge digested at pH 3.5 occurred. This effect was attributed to the development of an - overwhelming protozoan population which caused observed improvement in the flocculation characteristics of the sludge. / Master of Science