This thesis deals with the AC Load Flow Problem and the comparison of two different solution techniques. The basic solution used was the Newton Raphson method. The two methods used to solve for the corrections to the bus voltages are general matrix storage and nonzero element storage. In the general matrix all matrices are used with every element represented. In the non-zero routine, only nonzero entries in the YBUS and the Jacobian matrix are stored. Along with the non-zero routine, a form of sub-optimal ordering was used to make the inversion process faster. The execution times and storage requirements for seven examples are given. These results show the advantages of using a non-zero storage technique with respect to execution time as well as storage requirements. / Master of Science

Claytor Lake, Virginia, an 1820 ha main stern hydroelectric reservoir, was studied for one year to determine the effect of water discharge on reservoir phytoplankton. Number/liter, areal units/liter, average cell size, and chlorophyll a content were used as measures of phytoplankton abundance. Rate of water discharge had an adverse effect on reservoir phytoplankton populations during spring and surruner. Although increased rate of water discharge caused increased phytoplankton discharge, the adverse effect of rate of water discharge on reservoir phytoplankton populations was probably at least partially due to additional discharge of nutrients. The inverse relationship between rate of water discharge and reservoir phytoplankton populations decreased in the uplake direction. / Master of Science

The normal behavior of Evans blue in the vacuolar apparatus of rat kidney and the changes in this normal behavior imposed by a magnesium deficiency were investigated. Since Evans blue binds tightly to serum albumin, and since Evans blue-albumin complexes are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by pinocytosis by the cells of the renal proximal tubules, Evans blue served as a suitable marker of the vacuolar apparatus for these studies. Rats were injected intravenously with Evans blue and sacrificed at either 1/2, 1, 3, or 12 hours post-injection. Kidneys were removed and homogenized. By fractional centrifugations at the different time periods post-injection, the net uptake of Evans blue by the total kidney and each subcellular fraction was observed. The amount of Evans blue taken up by the total kidney was shown to increase with time. Also a gradual increase in the amount of Evans blue in the nuclear fraction with time was seen. This was interpreted as an accumulation of Evans blue in large heterolysosomes. The same experiments were applied to three day magnesium deficient rats. Differences observed from control kidney studies were: increased total kidney Evans blue at 3 hours after injection, increased heavy mitochondrial Evans blue at 3 hours, increased supernatant Evans blue at 3 hours, elevated sertim Evans blue, and increased urine Evans blue at 6 hours after injection. Possible explanations of these differences are discussed in the thesis. / Master of Science / Pages 42 and 49 are upside-down

Optimality criteria for the selection of a response surface design have been presented by many authors. For the most part these criteria have led to optimal designs for predicting response. In many applications of response surface methodology, however, the primary experimental objective can best be fulfilled by estimating the slope of the response surface. This would be the case, for example, in preliminary experiments for exploring the factor space. Criteria for selecting a design to estimate the slope have been presented only for certain situations. In this dissertation the integrated mean squared error criterion for the selection of a response surface design has been generalized. The generalized criterion applies to the selection of an experimental design to estimate specified linear functions of the parameters of a polynomial model in k≥1 independent variables using the method of least squares. When the linear parametric functions are chosen to be the first order partial derivatives of the fitted polynomial, the criterion leads to optimal designs for estimating the slope. It is found that the generalized criterion function can be minimized in the situation in which the slope is to be estimated using the partial derivatives of a fitted equation of first order. The optimal designs are two-level designs augmented in some cases by center points. They are obtainable using 2^k-p fractional factorial designs and the Plackett and Burman two-level designs. For the case in which the slope is to be estimated using the partial derivatives of a fitted equation of second order, the generalized criterion function cannot be minimized. Because of this the criterion function is expressed as the sum of a bias component and a variance component. An attempt is then made to obtain optimal designs with respect to each component. When the variance component is considered alone, moment conditions are obtained that characterize the optimal designs. Then conjectured optimal designs are obtained for the situation in which there are two independent variables and the region of experimentation is of finite extent. This is done for both the case in which the region of interest is a hypercube and the case in which it is a hypersphere. For the bias component it is found that the optimal designs are rotatable designs regardless of whether the region of interest is a hypercube or a hypersphere. Because the optimal designs are not uniquely determined with respect to the design moments, minimization of the variance component within the class of optimal designs with respect to the bias component is used as a secondary design criterion. This leads to uniquely determined designs with respect to the design moments and methods are given for constructing the designs. / Ph. D.

A key based on medulla type, gross appearance, and external scalation was presented. Conventional photomicrographs of the medulla, as well as scanning electron micrographs of the external scales, were included for each land mammal. The majority of Virginia's 75 land mammals could be identified to species. / M.S.

This study was concerned with the utility of the secularization concept for understanding processes of religious change. From initial consideration of the previous sociological treatment of the secularization concept, as found in church-sect literature, it was argued that a redefinition of the concept was necessary for two reasons. First, the usage of the secularization concept within church-sect literature lacked clarity of definition, and was too often associated with normative assumptions. Second, secularization in church-sect literature was often utilized to refer to both an ideological and organizational shift in religious organization, with no attempt made to distinguish between the two processes or test their association. For these two reasons, secularization was redefined in ideological and organizational terms, and operational definitions were developed conducive to sociological analysis. The remainder of this study considered the utility of the secularization reconceptualizations. The sacred-secular model of ideological secularization was applied to major shifts in Protestant theology in the 20th century in an effort to test it's utility for contrasting the nature of these shifts. Both the ideological and organizational secularization definitions were applied to a particular church setting in order to test their utility for isolating religious change. Lastly, this study recommended a number of possible alternatives for further sociological study of the secularization process, as understood in ideological and organizational terms. / M.S.

A review of recent works in the field of Political Participation revealed much confusion over what the concept meant. It was decided to test the measuring instruments used in the major works in the participation field in order to come up with more precise working definitions for Political Participation and Involvement. The measuring instruments were compiled and tested on a sample of adults in the Roanoke, Virginia, area. Attempts to locate dimensions of political participation were made by means of cluster analysis, factor analysis, and guttman scaling procedures. The methodological results were inconclusive. There was, however, evidence of the existence of two dimensions of Political Involvement. The writer labeled the first dimension "Psychological Readiness for Participation." It was made up of attitudinal measures of participation The second dimension was labeled "Overt Participation" and consisted of overt participation measures. There was support found for the hypothesis that one must hold the proper attitudes towards participating in politics before the overt behavior can take place. It was proposed that the two logical dimensions of Involvement in Politics, suggested in this project, be explored in future research. / M.A.

The purpose of the study was to ascertain if any differences existed in attitudes toward children between high school child development students and non-child development students. Forty-seven high school females who had completed a semester of child development seminar and nursery laboratory school were matched by grade, age, race, and community to forty-seven females who had not studied child development. The "Child-Guidance Inventory" by T.L. Engle and Louis Snellgrove was the instrument used to test attitudes toward children. A statistical analysis, t-test, of the test results indicated that there was a significant difference between the test scores of the two groups. Child development students scored better grades on the instrument. As a consequence it appears that a course of instruction in child development does affect or influence student attitudes toward children. An item analysis revealed that questions on discipline, play and respect for the child discriminated the most between the two groups. A variance analysis indicated a significant relationship between test scores and students' curriculum and community. Students enrolled in academic programs scored higher on the instrument as did students from the upper economic level as indicated by their communities. / M.S.

A total of 182 students attending Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University were sampled by means of a questionnaire in an effort to study their attitudes towards marriage, divorce and remarriage after divorce. The questionnaire was composed of: The McGuire-White short-form index of social status; items concerning personal and family background variables; Hill's "Favorableness of Attitude towards Marriage" Scale; the Locke-Wallace short form marital adjustment scale; Thurston's "Attitude toward Divorce" Scale; Hardy's "Divorce Opinionnaire"; and an "Attitude towards Remarriage" scale developed by this investigator. Total scores were compiled for each subject for attitudes towards marriage, divorce, and remarriage after divorce. The following variables were found to be statistically significantly related: 1. Attitude toward marriage and A. Attendance at religious services; B. Perceived effect of religion on the subject's life; C. Population area, or place of residence; D. Subject's perception of parental marital happiness; 2. Attitude toward divorce and A. Attendance at religious services; B. Subject's perception of parental marital happiness; 3. Attitude toward remarriage and A. Attendance at religious services B. Subject's perception of parent's marital happiness; C. Age of child at time of breakup of parents' marriage. Variables found to be not significantly related to attitudes toward marriage, divorce, and remarriage were sex, socio-economic status, and length of the parents' marriage at the time of the divorce or separation. / M.S.

論文(碩士)--香港中文大學,1976. / Ms. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 420-442). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1976. / 前言 --- p.1-4 / Chapter 第一章 --- 章士釗的生平 --- p.5-116 / Chapter 第二章 --- 民立報時期章氏的政論 --- p.117-200 / Chapter 一 --- 民立報之性質及地位 / Chapter 二 --- 章氏在民立報上的正主張 / Chapter 三 --- 一九一二年中的政局及章氏對時局的議論 / Chapter 甲 --- 總統責任問題 / Chapter 乙 --- 參議院地位問題 / Chapter 丙 --- 毀黨造黨說 / Chapter 第三章 --- 甲寅雜誌時期章氏的政論 --- p.201-329 / Chapter 一 --- 政治本質精神之討論 / Chapter 甲 --- 政本在「有容」 / Chapter 乙 --- 政力向背論 / Chapter 丙 --- 調和立國論 / Chapter 丁 --- 民約基於平等、良社會基於良政治 / Chapter 二 --- 法制改革及國體問題之討論 / Chapter 甲 --- 約法會議及新約法 / Chapter 乙 --- 國體問題之討論 / Chapter 三 --- 聯邦制的討論 / Chapter 四 --- 甲寅日刋上之重要言論 / Chapter 甲 --- 一院制議 / Chapter 乙 --- 外交上的意見 / Chapter 丙 --- 創設特別國務會議增造不管部之國務員議 / Chapter 第四章 --- 新聞報及後甲寅時期章氏的政論 --- p.330-415 / Chapter 一 --- 對代議制度之批評 / Chapter 二 --- 「農國」及「業治」觀念之提出 / Chapter 甲 --- 「農國」之構想 / Chapter 乙 --- 業治論 / Chapter 三 --- 「後甲寅」時期思想轉變之原因 / 結語 --- p.416-419 / 主要參考書目 --- p.420-442