It is proposed to place a space station in a short period orbit about the L₄ triangular point in the earth moon system for the purpose of communication and possibly astronomical observations. Within limits of a linear analysis, an exhaustive and general approach to the dynamical problem is presented. The equations of motion for a finite sized body of arbitrary shape and internal mass distribution are derived. The phenomenon of resonance and stability are discussed. Stability boundaries for such a space station are established. Initial conditions and pointing errors are analyzed. / Master of Science

At present, there are several methods of determining the mass concentration of suspended particulate matter in ambient air. Most of these methods, including the EPA reference method, require manual filtering and weighing of the collected sample. This is both costly and time-consuming and is subject to a considerable amount of human error. Another serious drawback to most of these procedures is the long (24 hour) sampling times required, and the resultant insensitivity to fluctuations due to the long averaging intervals. The piezoelectric microbalance and high volume sampler techniques were employed in this investigation to measure the mass of ambient undifferentiated particulate matter. The results were compared and conclusions drawn concerning the feasibility of using the piezoelectric microbalance along with or in place of the high volume sampler for measurement of ambient particulate matter. It was found that the piezoelectric microbalance can be used in place of or along with the high volume sampler but consideration must be given to the fact that the piezoelectric microbalance will give lower average particulate concentration readings depending on the particle size distribution of the ambient particulate matter being sampled. / Master of Science

In view of the shift of emphasis of the architectural practitioner's responsibility from environmental design for which he was trained to that of business management, especially in areas of contract document production, the possibility of relieving the practitioner from one time consuming activity, that of specification production, was investigated. Specifically, the possibility of automation of the task was a major consideration. A procedure for the incorporation of the computer was developed. This procedure, entitled MSPEC/TSO, includes several recent developments in construction communication; namely, the CSI Format and the Uniform Construction Index. MSPEC/TSO consists of several original computer programs used in combination with the IBM System/360 Time Sharing Option for use with remote computer terminals. The procedure for operation was designed to be conversational with the operator, so as to be capable of operation by a clerical staff member. / Master of Architecture

This study was conducted for the purposes of discerning pollution potential for specifically defined types of storm runoff and for determination of whether non-point sources of pollution are great enough to be included in water pollution abatement programs. The Town of Blacksburg, Virginia, was the area of study with eleven sampling sites determined by size of drainage area and dominant land use existing within the drainage basin. Concentrations of specific water pollution parameters were measured for the runoff from each drainage area. Conclusions drawn from this investigation are that nonpoint sources of pollution are serious sources of degradation to water quality, and proper land management is necessary if pollution abatement programs are to be successful. In addition, where man has disturbed a natural ecosystem by activities that severely reduce ground cover within a watershed, the greatest concentration in most pollution parameters was found. / Master of Science

Proponents of labeling theory argue that the labels we use to identify things are not merely harmless words, but, in fact, shape and control experience to some degree. Others, such as W. E. B. Dubois, argued that names only identify things and if one changes a label by which a thing is identified the meaning will not be changed. The major aim of the present study was to determine if there were any significant differences in responses elicited from a random sample of the white population of Roanoke, Virginia, by using varied minority group labels (Negro, Colored, Afro-American, Black). The random sample of 800 was divided into four groups cf 200, each receiving a different form of the questionnaire. Proposed differentiation responses were measured by the use of mean prejudice scores on a cognitive, emotional and action level. The data revealed that there was no significant differences in prejudice scores elicited by the use of varied minority group labels (Negro, Colored, Afro-American, Black). This study, as opposed to traditional labeling-theory, utilizes the group as the unit of analysis and did not presume the passivity of the labelee. Therefore this would tend to indicate that labeling theory, when the unit of analysis is the group, should take into consideration resistance to and counter-application of labels by the labelees. / Master of Science

This study evaluates the effect of the Foreign Direct Investment Program on the U.S. balance of payments. It fits several simple models to cross-section data reported to the Office of Foreign Direct investments by U.S. multinational firms. With these, estimates of earnings and exports associated with direct investments were made. The reduction in the level of direct investment itself was estimated, using a flexible accelerator model. Finally, the amount of foreign borrowing and associated interest payments induced by the Program were calculated. It appears that the Program produced a reduction of about $1 billion in each of its first two years. The reduction in subsequent years was substantially less. The internal rate of discount, a key summary measure of the effect of controls, is discussed. Evidence is presented showing that the internal rate of discount associated with reductions in investment is quite high, suggesting that the Program was an inferior policy choice to the extent that it reduced investment itself. The internal rate of discount associated with foreign borrowing was substantially less. To the extent that the Program induced foreign borrowing, it appears neither clearly better nor clearly worse than policy alternatives. / Master of Arts

The objective of this investigation is to adapt the standard search by sectioning to response surfaces confounded by random error and to develop cost related termination criteria for the application thereof. Replication is employed at each point of the search in an effort to reduce the random error. Of particular concern is the application of this procedure to simulation models where the cost of such a search could prove to be very expensive. When the response can be expressed in terms of cost or profit, the expense incurred by the optimization procedure is viewed as a direct charge against any gain revealed. The statistical model selected assumes that the measure of effectiveness at each point in the search is normally distributed and that two adjacent points possess the same, but unknown, variance. The expected value at each point is unknown and is estimated by the sample means. A test of hypothesis employing the sample means is employed to assess the difference between successive points in the search. Two test statistics of known distribution--normal and t--are considered. The search is terminated when an economic point of diminishing returns is indicated. Computerization of the search procedure is discussed and a wide range of computational studies are presented using four different test functions. / Master of Science

The present study investigated the parental attitudes expressed by adults who were reared in an institutional setting and adults who were reared in a nuclear family setting. The Parental Attitude Research Instrument, developed by Schaefer and Bell (1958), was used to elicit parental attitudes of the adults regarding child-rearing practices. The sample of the study consisted of fifty-four Caucasian adults, thirty-four males and twenty females. Of the total sample, twenty-seven adults, seventeen males and ten females, were reared in an institutional setting and twenty-seven adults, seventeen males and ten females were reared in a nuclear family setting. Subjects from the nuclear family setting were matched according to sex, age and level of educational attainment to subjects from the institutional setting. The most important finding of the study was that the parental attitudes expressed by adults reared in the instructional setting did not differ significantly from the parental attitudes expressed by the adults reared in the nuclear family setting. Females were more likely than males to view their children as equals and to express preference for an atmosphere where children would feel free to express their opinions concerning policies that governed their behavior. Males were more likely than females to exhibit attitudes favorable to inhibition of the sexual curiosity expressed by their children and to the acceleration of their children's development. There was little difference in the mean scores between males and females on the eleven remaining subscales. / Master of Science

This study was conducted in order to obtain information that would permit comparisons of six nutrient parameters, both organic and inorganic, in runoff from five different land types. Sampling and laboratory determinations were conducted on runoff samples collected during the summer of 1973, in and around the town of Blacksburg, Virginia. The five different types of runoff that were studied were construction, residential, commercial, agricultural, and forest. The six parameters investigated during the study were five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand, orthophosphorous, total phosphorous, nitrate, and total organic carbon. The major interest was in BOD₅ concentrations because of the importance of land runoff in stream assimilation modeling. Analyses were also performed during low flow periods to permit a comparison with runoff collected during storm events. Concentrations of BOD₅ in runoff from all six land types were higher than the 2 mg/l normally assumed as a value for runoff in stream assimilation models. Also, nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in all runoff samples were high enough to constitute a significant contribution of fertilizer elements to streams. Of the types of runoff tested, commercial and construction runoff were greater sources of pollution than residential, agricultural, or forest runoff. / Master of Science

An apparatus to experimentally verify the accuracy of filmwise condensation heat transfer theories for small diameter horizontal tubes was developed. The apparatus was designed so that the condensation pattern was visible at all locations, all of the parameters necessary to calculate the average heat transfer coefficient were accurately determinable, and the removal of noncondensible gases was effected before the start of the condensation process. A method was devised to insulate the test specimen and cooling water from the rest of the apparatus to obtain an accurate measure of the heat transfer rate. The surface temperature of the tubes was directly measured by copper-nickel thermocouples which were electroplated onto the tube. Initial testing of the apparatus was performed using steam as the condensing vapor. Difficulty in obtaining and maintaining filmwise condensation was caused by small amounts of impurities which were introduced during the assembly of the apparatus. The surface thermocoup]es produced output of approximately l mv per 75 F and were responsive to transient temperature fluctuations. / Master of Science