Locations of 113 aftershocks of the magnitude-7.6 (M_s) Peruvian earthquake of October 3, 1974, were determined from data obtained by a ten-station network installed along the coastal area between lat 11° and 14° S. These epicenters define an irregular shaped zone approximately 210 km long by 150 km wide, the oceanward or long side of which trends subparallel with the coast and extends between about lat 12° and 13.8° S. The distribution of hypocenters ranges in depth from near surface to roughly 65 km and is indicative of shallow underthrusting. Focal mechanisms are consistent with low angle thrust faulting. A b value of approximately 0.90 was determined for earthquakes within the Peruvian shallow seismic belt (1963-1975) and the aftershock sequence. / Master of Science

Oidaematophorus monodactylus (L.) is a plume moth commonly found feeding on hedge bindweed (Convolvulus sepium L.) in southwestern Virginia. Females maintained at 23.9 + 1°C laid an average of 173 eggs, 61% viable, during a 10-day oviposition period. Average larval leaf consumption was 13 cm² at 18.3°C, increasing to 16 cm² at 29.4°C; over 60% was consumed by the last instar. Mean development period from egg to adult was 28.3 days at 23.9°C. O. monodactylus completely defoliated a hedge bindweed plant which was infested at the rate of 5 larvae per leaf in greenhouse cage experiments, and caused a significant decrease in the mean percentage of leaf and shoot production as well as total plant length with infestations of 3 larvae per leaf in field cages. This indicated that inundative releases of late instars in early June could reduce the growth rate and seed production of hedge bindweed plants. An estimate of the initial direct cost of rearing 10,000 third instars for a June release totaled a little less than $8,000; of which 30% are non-recurring costs. A second insect feeding on hedge bindweed is the leaf miner, Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller), which can be found in southwestern Virginia from September through October. Females maintained at 23.9 ± 2°C laid an average of 169 eggs, most of them within the first 8 days of oviposition. The highest rate of pupation was at 23.9°C (98.0), but only 4.6% pupated at 29.4°C. Less than 5% of field collected larvae were parasitized by Apanteles bedelliae Vier. / Master of Science

The work is divided into two portions, one dealing with the logical structure of a consciously formed object, and the other promulgating a construct of the sensible elements of physical form. Although the body of the work is composed of several projects, the intent remains constant. That is, through the under¬standing of the basic processes by which man has exchanged with his surroundings, order and clarity might be brought to the designed environment. / Master of Architecture

Cambrian Shady Dolomite facies exposed northwest and southeast of Austinville, southwestern Virginia, apparently formed in a platform-to-basin setting. Northwest of Austinville, the Shady Dolomite (600 m thick) overlies the Lower Cambrian Erwin Formation and is overlain by the Middle Cambrian Rome Formation. Here the unit consists of ribbon-laminated carbonates (Patterson Member) overlain by massive dolomites and fenestral, cryptalgal carbonates (Austinville and Ivanhoe Members) which pass up into Rome Formation red mudcracked clastics and carbonates. Relict textures suggest that northwestern belts of the Shady Dolomite were deposited in an upward-shoaling sequence on the inner part of a carbonate platform. The Shady Dolomite thickens southeast of Austinville where exposed (400 m thick) upper Shady Dolomite beds (partly equivalent to Rome Formation) contain calcareous algal bioherms, limeclast grain-stone, monomictic and polymictic carbonate breccia and black laminated limestone and shale. Algal bioherms, limeclast grain-stones and carbonate breccias of southeastern belts suggest seaward, outer platform environments; black laminated limestone and shale units containing local algal bioherms and breccias may indicate local off-platform "deeper water" deposits. Slopes on the carbonate platform margin were probably low (few degrees) as indicated by interlayering of shallow and deeper water lithologies recording considerable migration of facies bands. This southeasternmost facies of the Shady Dolomite exposed in the Valley and Ridge may give important clues as to the lithologic character of equivalent units in the Virginia Piedmont. / Master of Science

A system to measure the performance of a 10 kN horizontal axis wind turbine was designed and was employed to test an Electro WVG-120G wind generator. Parameters measured were wind speed, voltage, current, and frequency. Output power and tip speed ratio were calculated from the measured parameters. A system to automatically calculate instantaneous power and to integrate power was developed. An improved digital anemometer odometer was designed and built. Tests were performed with the windmill powering a resistive heating load as well as charging a battery. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study is to construct and test decision models that will enable utility companies to identify cost effective strategies for dealing with enrichment service contracts. Specifically, three decision models are developed to analyze the 18 month decision points of the Long-Term Fixed-Commitment Contract for ten contracting years. The first model indicates ERDA's current method for acquiring enrichment services assuming maintenance of the split-tails mode of enrichment plant operation. The second model, referred to as the static decision model, utilizes the variable tails concept at a single 18 month decision point. The third model uses the basic equations of the second model to develop a dynamic inventory system that is designed to manipulate the fuel inventories and tails enrichments at the 18 month decision points over ten years. The application of the three decision models is done by using data from a typical ten year fuel contract for a 1000 Mwe reactor. A computer code is constructed to solve the decision models for the optimum decision policy in contracting for fuel enrichment services. The results indicate that the application of the dynamic inventory model produces a significant amount of savings in utility costs and uranium feed. The dynamic inventory process is more economical than the split-tails method because the utility company is allowed to manipulate the tails enrichment and the fuel inventories in the dynamic model. The dynamic inventory model appears to be an appropriate vehicle for improving the fixed-commitment contract and more study is merited. / Master of Science

Twelve study areas on abandoned contour mines in southwest Virginia were surveyed to investigate relationships between breeding bird population parameters and structural aspects of the disturbed area vegetation. The territorial mapping method was employed to census bird populations. The number of breeding species, number of breeding pairs, bird species diversity, and number of observed species (breeding or visiting) were determined for each disturbed area, the marginal undisturbed forest, and each total study area (marginal and disturbed areas combined). Vegetation was sampled within units of similar vegetation on each disturbed area; 17 vegetation parameters were recorded for each unit. These were weighted by the size of each vegetation unit and averaged for each disturbed area. Linear and multiple regressions of each population variable were performed on 51 vegetation and site-factor variables. Bird population parameters of the disturbed and total study areas showed positive relationships with several aspects of disturbed area revegetation. However, among forested orphan mines, decreases in bird populations were observed when canopy closure apparently affected a reduction in understory vegetation. Bird populations of the marginal areas decreased with the reforestation of the disturbed areas, apparently reflecting a decrease in the edge effect. Several sets of equations for population parameters of the disturbed and total study areas are presented for use in habitat evaluation. Relationships revealed for bird population parameters of the disturbed and total study areas suggest that reclamation efforts should strive to achieve a high degree of vegetative cover, increase the amount of ground layer vegetation, and provide for the future development of higher vegetational strata. These vegetational features should be introduced in a manner which will augment existing vegetational heterogeneity. / Master of Science

Eighty male and 80 female college students participated in an experiment to study reactions to stress as a function of room size and interaction distance. Two subjects (one male and one female) sat on stools either relatively close together (1.22m) or far apart (2.74m), in a waiting room relatively large 5.94m X 3.96m or small 2.44m X 3.96m. They completed a Personality and Environment questionnaire, received task instructions and consent forms, and then waited 10-min in the large or small room for the experimental task that involved receiving either shocks or lights as performance feedback. During the waiting period three observers watched through a one-way mirror and recorded specific behaviors of each of the subjects. After the 10-min wait, the Personality and Environment questionnaire was readministered as well as a sociometric questionnaire. The design was a factorial of 2(Stress Conditions) X 2(Room Sizes) X 2(Seating Distances) X 2(Sex of Subject) X 2(Assessment Times). Ten pairs of subjects were randomly assigned to one of the eight experimental conditions. The analysis of the three semantic differential items relating to current stress state (Rattled and Jittery vs Cool and Collected, Calm vs Worried, Tense vs Relaxed) indicated a significant Stress Condition X Seating Distance X Assessment Time interaction. That is, when anticipating the Shock Condition subjects showed a greater increase in stress feelings when they interacted Close than Far. No effects of sex nor room size on these stress ratings were observed. These findings supported the notion that interaction distance, and not room size, is the more prominent spatial variable associated with crowding effects. / Master of Science

The exploration of two buildings for the use by plants and animals incorporating similar structuring and checking devices. A vertical field for the cultivation of crops and a fiberglass "Barn" for livestock confinement are discussed in terms of each other, in terms of farms and farming historically, and in terms of farms and their relationship to the development of the church cloister. Each of the discussion categories function as checking and direction devices to support the projects development. A selection of drawings, investigation papers and photographs visualizing the two projects are also included. / Master of Architecture

The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the usage patterns of gasoline, diesel fuel, and other fossil fuels in different types of agriculture; (2) to determine the demand relationships for gasoline and diesel fuel in agricultural use and to identify and assess the major factors that affect these relationships; and (3) to determine differences in the demand relations for gasoline and diesel fuel in agricultural use. The usage patterns of gasoline, diesel fuel, and other fossil fuels in agricultural production in Virginia, the South, and the U.S. were developed from cross-sectional data provided jointly by the Economic Research Service and the Federal Energy Administration. From the static theoretical development and the dynamic and technological adjustment concepts of derived input demand, the theoretical demand relationships for gasoline and diesel fuel were formulated. Asymptotically efficient, asymptotically normal, asymptotically unbiased, and consistent parameter estimates were obtained by employing a generalized least squares (GLS) procedure on the Parks model in combining cross-sectional and time-series data. All data were from the period 1971 through 1976. The agricultural sector in Virginia appears to adjust to changes in economic factors and other variables influencing the demand for gasoline and diesel fuel. While farmers.appear to be somewhat passive to increases in the real prices of gasoline and diesel fuel in the current period, they are quite responsive to such increases when given time to adjust their usage patterns. / Master of Science