The sublethal dosage effects of carbaryl were studied in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Carbaryl was fed to colonies during a 14-day period in a 0.95 M sucrose solution. Carbaryl dosages were based on 0.0036, 0.0178, and 0.0356 ug/bee/day, and concentrations approximated 0.09, 0.44, and 0.86 ppm, respectively. Five potential areas of sublethal effect were examined: brood production, brood mortality, adult mortality, colony weight change, and worker resistance to the toxicant. The carbaryl dosages appeared to fall within the sublethal range. No significant differences (P≤0.05) in adult mortality were found between Control and carbaryl treatments during or following carbaryl application. Statistically-significant increases in brood production and brood mortality were observed at the median dosage, but no significant differences were found at the highest dosage. The lowest dosage also caused no significant differences in brood production. A significant increase in worker resistance to carbaryl was observed at the median dosage, but a significant decrease occurred at the highest dosage and the Control. No significant differences in colony weight change were observed during the treatment or post-treatment periods at any dosage. Although statistically-significant differences were observed, they were not felt to be biologically significant. Intra-treatment colony variation was considered to be partly responsible for the differences observed. This variation is great enough to make honey bee colonies unsuitable for general insecticide screening, although they may be useful when prior evidence of sublethal effects exists / Master of Science

The natures of reason and architecture are things man has struggled with since the beginning. As reason evolves and gets more complex, human needs and values change. Interaction among ourselves and surroundings has become a need. Architecture balances this need creating a unifying spirit. This thesis is a collection of work resulting from a struggle that lead to an understanding and appreciation of architecture. / Master of Architecture

The thesis presents an analysis of FET based Multiple Valued Logic circuits. The circuit analysis program SPICE2 was used to analyze these circuits. A description of device modelling as done by SPICE2 is included in the beginning of the thesis. Techniques to implement MVL circuits using simple threshold circuits as building blocks are outlined. The two principal methods of achieving different switching voltages, namely, changing the device threshold and the device transconductance, for these threshold circuits are discussed. A comparative study of these two methods from a theoretical and practical viewpoint is included. Several MOSFET based MVL circuits are developed and an explanation of their operation is also given. / Master of Science

The broad architectural issue of whether a specific design form can facilitate the function of an educational institution was focused upon the question of how the addition of a media center might serve to unify and improve the School of Education at the University of Virginia. Specifically the two thesis issues are the addition in architecture and the media center as catalyst. Here the media center addition is intended to bring together isolated areas of the school and become both a physical and ideological center. / Master of Architecture

The present study tested Abramson, Seligman, and Teasdale's (1978) reformulation of the learned helplessness hypothesis. Specifically, the study employed a laboratory paradigm to investigate: (a) whether attributions about uncontrollable events mediate subsequent deficits, particularly self-esteem loss; and (b) if lower socio-economic class individuals are more susceptible to helplessness following uncontrollability than are middle class individuals, All subjects were Black female college students, 25 from the lower class and 25 from the middle class. These subjects were randomly assigned to one of five experimental conditions: internal attribution provided for failure to a concept-identification task, external attribution provided for failure, no attribution provided for failure, no attribution provided for success, and no pretreatment task. All subjects were then tested for performance deficits on an anagram-solving task. Additional dependent variables included mood change, self-esteem change, and persistence at Rubick's Cube. A two-way analysis of variance using the factors social class and experimental condition revealed few differences across groups on any of the measures. Possible reasons for the failure to obtain differences were discussed. / Master of Science

This thesis explores the effect of climate on the development of high density housing. With the situation in Lagos there is a tendency to neglect the effect of climate. The low income housing project proposed under the Ijaiye housing scheme is used as a vehicle to investigate this climatic concerns. The conditions that generated the design included site conditions, climate, human comfort criteria, building materials, and construction. The issues that were dealt with include ventilation, protection from direct solar radiation, treatment of common spaces, orientation, drainage, and the choice of building materials. The design solution submitted in this thesis is influenced by various sources from the field of tropical architecture with the understanding that these studies are not definitive and that further investigation still needs to be made. / Master of Architecture

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stimulus dimension and mode of exploration on preschool children's responses to two original thinking tasks. Eighty children from four child care centers ranging in age from 46-65 months comprised the five condition groups: 2-D stimuli for visual exploration only, 2-D stimuli for visual plus haptic exploration, 3-D stimuli for visual exploration only, 3-D stimuli for visual plus haptic exploration. The groups were match on intelligence, sex, and center attended. IQ scores were extrapolated from the Information and Picture Completion subtests of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. During the test session the children were shown the stimulus materials in the appropriate dimension and mode of exploration for their condition. The unusual uses task and the pattern meanings task were used to assess original thinking. The children's responses were scored for total fluency and unique responses. Several factors relating to the selection of the optimal method of stimulus presentation were considered in relation to the development of an assessment tool for creativity in young children. Significant relationships were found between the pattern meanings task and unusual uses task when the 3-D stimuli were used and haptic exploration was allowed. This relationship was much higher for this condition than the correlation of either task to IQ. Three dimensional stimuli and visual plus haptic exploration also had the highest mean fluency of responses although one way analysis of covariance failed to show significant effects of group and total fluency or unique responses. From these findings the best form of stimulus presentation to assess original thinking in preschool children appears to be three-dimensions with visual plus haptic exploration. Additional investigation is warranted into the effects of dimension and exploration and their interaction on the generation of responses to original thinking tasks in young children. / Master of Science

Conventional measurements of NO and NO₂ produced by a diffusion flame around a cotton ball wetted by heptane have been performed and prove that NO is oxidized to NO₂ on a mole for mole basis when the air of the flame is doped with hydrogen and that the NO to NO₂ mechanism does not require carbon atoms in the dopant. In-situ spectroscopic measurements of NO in a laminar H₂-air diffusion flame were performed and compared to data obtained with probe sampling procedures. Ultraviolet absorption of the (1,0) gamma bands of nitric oxide near 214.8 nm were used for the spectroscopy. Spectroscopic measurements were possible only when the air stream was seeded with ca. 100 ppm NO. A conventional sampling system was operated at a probe pressure of 0.3 atmosphere and was used to sample from both the high temperature combustion zone and relatively cool regions on both sides of the flame. Spectroscopic and probe measurements of NO agree to within 30%, with probe concentrations being greater. The air of the flame was doped to give 1200 ppm methane and the NO concentrations were measured again, using probe and spectroscopic techniques. Both techniques confirm that even small unburned hydrocarbon concentrations cause the disappearance of NO on the air side of the visible reaction zone. / Master of Science

Detailed mapping in the Ramseur, N.C. 7 1/2' quadrangle has shown that lithostratigraphic units of the Virgilina sequence, units 11 and 111 (Glover and Sinha, 1973) in the Roxboro-Durham, N. C. area can be extended into central North Carolina. The volcanic stratigraphy is composed of the Hyco, Aaron and Uwharrie Formations, all of which have been subjected to greenschist facies metamorphism. The oldest map unit, the Hyco Formation, consists of intermediate(?) lava flows, pyroclastic and volcaniclastic rocks. Deposition of these units was in a subaqueous environment although some units are indicative of transient subaerial conditions. The Aaron Formation is a volcanic epiclastic sequence composed of conglomerate, pebbly and feldspathic arenite with intercalated siltstone, argillite and vitric tuff. The arrangement of sedimentation packages in the Aaron Formation are analogous to those of a coarse grained retrogradational submarine fan sequence. In the western part of the map area the Uwharrie Formation unconformably overlies the Hyco Formation. The Uwharrie consists of a bimodal (felsic-mafic) sequence of lava flows, pyroclastic and volcaniclastic rocks, all of which were deposited in a subaqueous environment. Structural data indicates that the older units of the Hyco and Aaron Formations were folded (F₁) and faulted during the Virgilina deformation (D₁). The entire volcanic sequence of Hyco, Aaron and Uwharrie Formations was subsequently folded (F₂) and metamorphosed during the Taconic deformation (D₂). Associated with the Taconic event is the development of a pervasive spaced anastomosing cleavage (S₂) in the volcanic lithologies. Previous regional correlations preferred by Wright and Seiders (1980) are thought to be incorrect. It is proposed in this paper, as first suggested by Glover (1974), that an angular unconformity separates the older volcanic strata of the Virgilina sequence from the younger units of the central N.C. sequence. The presence of an unconformity is indicated by 1) the truncation of lithologies comprising the Hyco Formation at the contact between the Hyco and Uwharrie Formations, 2) the deviation of macroscopic fold trends from the Hyco and Aaron Formations to the adjacent Uwharrie Formation and 3) the intrusion of felsic dikes equivalent to those comprising the Uwharrie Formation, which crosscut the older units and structures of the Virgilina sequence. The Virgilina deformation is probably correlative in time with the Late Precambrian Monian, Cadomian and Pan-African orogenies which effect similar age volcanic terranes like the older Carolina slate belt. In this study it is proposed that the name Virgilina deformation should have precedence over the term Avalonian event, because of the relation of the former 'to compressional tectonics versus the extensional tectonism prevalent in the latter. The Virgilina deformation may be attributed to active plate margin tectonics associated with a former volcanic arc. / Master of Science

Using state of the art information concerning the statistical nature of loads acting on light frame structures, distributions of maximum lifetime roof snow load and maximum lifetime floor live load were developed for use in differential reliability analyses of lumber properties data. The dead load was combined with the live load to obtain the total roof or floor load. Utilizing these total loads, contrasting sets of lumber data were analyzed based on the concept of equal reliability. The sensitivity of the reliability analysis to changing load distributions was studied. Subsequently, load distributions were recommended for use in differential reliability analyses of lumber properties data. / Master of Science