This analysis proposes the thesis that in the formulation of post-war British defence policy, wider strategic developments taking place in the international environment are as important as, if not more than, domestic economic considerations, and examines the motivations that lay behind the British government's decision to recapture the Falkland Islands after their seizure by Argentine forces in April 1982. It is a first and comprehensive attempt to explore these two themes. It presents a challenge to the dominant view that British defence policy has, over the past two decades, been influenced by purely economic factors. Throughout the post-war era, defence analysts have come to accept the orthodox paradigm of British defence policy which attributes the reduction in the size of Britain's defence dispositions entirely to financial and economic pressures. While not negating the role of economic factors, this work rejects the gravamen of the orthodox paradigm and attempts to bring balance to the intellectual debate confronting British defence policy. Using the Falklands War as a case-study, this analysis demonstrates the salience of strategic imperatives and underscores the view that economic constraints can be pushed aside for what decision-makers perceive to be higher national and politico-strategic interests. It argues that while several factors may appear to have influenced the British decision to retake the Islands, only two interlocking sets are truly credible. These relate to national honour considerations and the fight for principles. Moreover, it argues that the credibility of the latter flows from the primacy of pride and prestige, thus making national honour considerations the dominant motif or explanation. The analysis begins with a review of the literature and shows the gaps which this work attempts to fill. Chapter Two examines the strategic and economic trends and developments in British defence policy prior to the Falklands War. Chapter Three presents a comprehensive picture and explanation of the Falkland Islands as an issue of long-standing dispute between Argentina and Britain. In Chapter Four, the factors that prompted the Junta to launch its attack are examined and the British response discussed. Chapters Five and Six utilize the Falklands War as a formidable case to support the major theme of this work. Chapter Seven provides a summary, and concludes with a short examination of four basic issues relating to the analysis.

This dissertation studies the origin of new organisational forms. It focuses on organisations that challenge existing institutional boundaries, specifically the boundaries between for profit and not for profit providers of financial services. It builds on research on the origins of the microfinance industry in Bolivia; and particularly on the creation and development of BancoSol and Los Andes, the two pioneering organisations. This research involved in-depth interviews and analysis of industry-specific documents and newspaper files. / The study builds on three research streams: collective strategy, institutional theory, and evolutionary entrepreneurship. It proposes an overarching process-model that bridges these three bodies of work and advances our understanding of three key dynamics in the creation of new organisational forms: (1) the combination of hitherto unconnected principles and practices; (2) the leverage of support and acceptance for new organisational forms; and (3) the development of endurance for the new form. / The study argues that these three dynamics occur within a nonlinear process that includes three overlying stages. The first stage involves the creation of an entrepreneurial team to launch the organisations. This team includes individuals from fields with divergent principles and practices (e.g. for profit and not for profit). The second stage involves negotiations with institutional actors to leverage support and acceptance for the novel organisational form. The third stage involves decisions, actions, and interactions that promote internal coalescence and defend the organisations from external challenges. I have labeled this process-model social entrepreneurship. The process is predominantly social as the three dynamics are defined by the social assets and relations of actors. It is predominantly entrepreneurial as it destroys existing boundaries across fields and generates an enduring combination of principles and practices previously unconnected.

Submitted by Kelly Ayala (kelly.ayala@fgv.br) on 2016-06-06T12:15:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000049040.pdf: 9775913 bytes, checksum: f49cee9c2a559271effca75efafc5bf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T12:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000049040.pdf: 9775913 bytes, checksum: f49cee9c2a559271effca75efafc5bf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983-04-28 / This research is about the beginning of school education Supervision in Brazil, that started with the North-American penetration in Brazilian education, adopting a program of technical assistance and also a post-war financial help to Brazil. The Brazilian-American Assistance program to Elementary Teaching (PABAEE) was analyzed as it is one of a kind of those programs and the rising of Brazilian school Supervision was analyzed too. After having established the beginning of Brazilian Supervision, we studied School Supervision in Goiás, that was unstained in the CTM of Inhumas and a new Institutional piece was widowed to it after the 5.540/68 law. We made a comparison between Inhumas Supervision and University and finally we discussed about the place and the task that should be developed by the Supervisor in nowadays Brazilian educational system. / O presente estudo trata das origens da Supervisão Escolar no Brasil, marcada pela penetração norte-americana na educação brasileira, através da implementação dos programas de assistência técnica e ajuda financeira ao Brasil no pós-guerra. Analisou-se o Programa de Assistência Brasileiro-Americana ao Ensino Elementar (PABAEE) como um destes programas e de onde surgiu a Supervisão Escolar Brasileira. Definida a origem da Supervisão brasileira, analisou-se a Supervisão Escolar em Goiás, instalada no CTM de Inhumas e definida em nova situação institucional após a lei 5.540. Comparou-se a formação do Supervisão de Inhumas e da Universidade, e discutiu-se, para finalizar, qual o espaço e qual a tarefa do Supervisor no sistema educacional brasileiro hoje.

Submitted by Beatriz_ Estagiaria (marcianb@ig.com.br) on 2012-02-08T16:02:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000060944.pdf: 10069025 bytes, checksum: c2708c3c9e17c164228be5ad8d11d2cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-08T16:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000060944.pdf: 10069025 bytes, checksum: c2708c3c9e17c164228be5ad8d11d2cf (MD5) / The present academic research analyses the political conjuncture of the democratic transitional process that happened in Brazil and in the State of 'Parana' in the end of the nineteen seventies and in the beginning of the nineteen eighties. In the first chapter I examine the theoretical and methodological elements which constitute the analytical categories I use to study the concrete Brazilian situation, in a broad sense, and, in a more particular one~ the conjuncture of the nineteen eighty-two's election and Jose Richa's Goverment in Parana. It was necessary to e>:amine the 'broad' conception of State, the concepts of structure and superstructure of the historic block, as well as the concepts of liberal and popular democracies, according to dialectic and historical materialistic literature, other classic and modern authors. In the second chapter, I examine the transitional democratic project from President Geisel to President Figueiredo: a military and Brazilian elite's plan to save themselves on power by making a political transition by the top of society. The project aimed, in a doubtful electoral process, to legitimate the political regime and economic model through passing military government to civil government. In the State of Parana, the main aim of this research, I analyse the liberal project of Richa's PMDB's government, from the organization of the party, the elaboration of the government's lines, the electoral campaign and high intellectual's participation in it, PMDB's alliances with popular social groups up to government’s composition and 'righting' process. 'THE BARBARIAN ARE ARRIVING', main title of this thesis, was the way that Curitiban aristocracy (elite) referred to Jose Richa when he was elected to the government of the State of Parana, because he was born in an interior city and so he did not belong to the 'civilized' and 'cosmopolitan' Curitiban society. In the third chapter I analyse the democratization of public schools expressed by their directors' elections through teachers', other school employees', students' and their parents' votes. I assert that democracy goes beyond a government's decree to establish the electoral system. I still assert that in Richa's government, discourse becomes another thing when it comes into practice, particulary in the educational system. The basic question of this research is to work the idea that education is an area of social classes', disputes and confronts to get hegemonic power. The upper social class strugles to rema in in power, while the lower social classes sometimes become alied to the upper class and help it, sometimes simply consent to it, but very seldom revolt against its domination. / O presente trabalho de pesquisa acadêmica abrange a análise da conjuntura política do processo de transição democrática no Brasil e no Paraná, ocorrida no final da década de 1970 e inícios dos anos 80. No capítulo introdutório examino os elementos teórico-metodológicos, que são as categorias de análise que utilizo no estudo da situação concreta brasileira, como contexto amplo, e da conjuntura das eleiçôes de 1982 e do governo de José Richa no Paraná. Era necessário examinar a concepçâo 'ampliada' de Estado, o conceito de estrutura e de superestrutura do bloco histórico e a concepção da vertente da democracia liberal e da vertente da democracia popular, no enfoque da literatura do materialismo histórico-dialético, de autores clássicos e modernos. No segundo capítulo examino o projeto de transição democrática dos generais presidentes Geisel e Figueiredo: um plano dos militares e das elites brasileiras para salvar as elites no poder, na travessia pelo alto. O projeto não ia além da legitimação do regime e do modelo econômico pela passagem do governo militar aos civis, por um processo eleitoral duvidoso. No Paraná, objetivo principal da pesquisa, examino o projeto liberal do governo do PMDB de Richa, desde a organizaçâo partidária, a elaboraçâo das diretrizes de governo, a campanha eleitoral, a participaçâo de intelectuais de ponta na campanha, as alianças do PMDB com os setores populares da sociedade até a composição e a 'direitização' do governo. 'OS BÁRBAROS ESTÃO CHEGANDO', título principal da dissertação, era a denominação que a aristocracia (elite) curitibana atribuiu a José Richa, quando o mesmo ganhou as eleições ao governo do Paraná, pelo fato de ser do interior do Estado e não fazer parte do mundo civilizado da Curitiba cosmopolita. No terceiro capítulo examino a questão da democratização da escola pública do Estado pela instituição das eleições para diretor e vice-diretor da escola, pelos professores, servidores, alunos e pais de alunos. Digo que a democracia vai além do decreto governamental que estabelece as eleições. Digo ainda que o discurso na prática é outro, no caso do governo Richa e da educação. A questão básica da pesquisa é trabalhar a idéia de que a educação é um campo de disputas e confrontos de classes pela hegemonia do poder, em que a classe dominante luta para manter-se no poder como classe dirigente e as classes subalternas ora se mantém aliadas e como classes auxiliares à classe dominante, ora consentem e raras vezes rebelam-se contra a dominaçâo da classe dirigente.

OLIVEIRA, Bruna Karoline Vasconcelos. Da transição democrática ao Governo Lula: a trajetória e o papel político do PMDB. 2012. 133f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-25T16:44:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-BKVOLIVEIRA.pdf: 1770615 bytes, checksum: b655b1a3f3f86da4488e4b51bd200739 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-25T17:14:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-BKVOLIVEIRA.pdf: 1770615 bytes, checksum: b655b1a3f3f86da4488e4b51bd200739 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-25T17:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-BKVOLIVEIRA.pdf: 1770615 bytes, checksum: b655b1a3f3f86da4488e4b51bd200739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), created in 1980, has its origin in the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), a political party formed in 1966 to oppose to the Military Government, which ruled the country from 1964 to 1985. Responsible for the struggle towards democracy in Brazil, PMDB is one of the most important political parties in the country, even though it hasn’t elected any President through direct elections to this date. The current research seeks to understand the trajectory and the political strategy set forth by PMDB in the period of 1985 and 2010, taking into consideration the following aspects: its origins, its electoral performances and the presence of its politicians in various federal administrations. Furthermore, it intends to comprehend the place occupied by this political party within the post-redemocratization party dynamics, considering the attitude adopted by PMDB to focus on the legislative bodies and also on positions inside the federal administration. / Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB) criado em 1980, tem suas origens no Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (MDB), legenda que surgiu em 1966, em oposição ao Regime Militar, instaurado no país no período de 1964 a 1985. Sendo o responsável pela luta em prol da redemocratização do Brasil, o PMDB é um dos mais importantes partidos políticos do país, apesar de não ter eleito nenhum Presidente da República por meio do voto direto. O presente trabalho busca a trajetória e estratégia política do PMDB entre os anos de 1982 e 2010, levando em consideração as seguintes variáveis: sua origem, desempenho eleitoral e presença de seus parlamentares nos governos. Mais especificamente, pretende compreender o lugar de tal legenda na dinâmica partidária pós-redemocratização a partir da postura adotada pelo PMDB, o maior partido em número de cadeiras no Congresso Nacional, de se concentrar no Legislativo e na conquista de cargos no Governo Federal.

This dissertation is divided into two parts. Part Two contains my translations of Japanese texts by Nishiwaki Junzaburō (1894-1982): three essays from Chōgenjitsushugi shiron (Surrealist Poetics) (1929), his first and second collections of poems written in Japanese, Ambarvalia (1933) and Tabibito kaerazu (No Traveller Returns) (1947), as well as a long poem from his "middle period," entitled "Eterunitas" (1962). Part One, consisting of three chapters, attempts to expose various theoretical issues that these translations bring forth. Through this "exposé," several major issues surface, namely, the concepts of Language, Poetry, and Translation. Further, these concepts are interrelated by a "paradisal" centre—the notion of "non-meaning." Chapter One presents a deconstructive examination of the notion of translation. Two opposing manifestations of Language, writing and reading, are set forth by way of Roland Barthes's textual concepts, "le scriptible" and "le lisible." "Writing" is here defined as a language-movement of production that opposes "knowledge," while "reading" is regarded as the consumption of codes, that is, "knowing." The question posed at this point is: what status does "translation" possess in terms of these two opposing language-movements? Is it writing or reading? Through Walter Benjamin's essay on translation, "Die Aufgabe des Übersetzers" (The Task of the Translator), as well as through Jacques Derrida's reading of it in his "Des Tours de Babel," translation is revealed to hold an essentially paradoxical function: a translation is secondary to the original in its status, yet it deconstructs the original and triggers the survival movement of Language towards its paradisal state of non-meaning. Thus translation is seen as partaking of an originary movement of writing, which Derrida elsewhere names "différance." In Chapter Two, Nishiwaki's notion of Poetry presented in his Surrealist Poetics is discussed along with Georges Bataille's notions of "dépense" and "non-savoir," as well as with Derrida's grammatology. Nishiwaki proposes a negative evolution of poetry whose ultimate end is the (self-)extinction of poetry. Similarly, Bataille locates Poetry in the self-sacrificial "jouissance," beyond identity, beyond knowledge. Derrida's notion of "arche-writing" in turn exposes the "always-already" existence of the essentially transgressive movement of "writing" everywhere in our logocentric universe. Through these discourses, then, Poetry is envisioned as the death of writing, located outside of Language, in the paradise of non-meaning. Every writing strives towards this paradisal goal. At the same time, for Nishiwaki, this paradise includes an origin (the origin of poetry) which he names "tsumaranasa (boredom, insignificance) of reality." Poetry thus begins and ends in this fundamental loss of language, meaning, and knowledge. In Chapter Three, the translated poems of Nishiwaki are discussed as representing not "reality" but a certain movement of Language, be it Benjamin's "translation" or Derrida's "arche-writing." The text of Ambarvalia essentially presents fissures in the Japanese language caused by the invasion of foreign tongues. Thus it is Nishiwaki's translatory textual strategy that produces a "new" poetic language. In No Traveller Returns, Nishiwaki's willful appropriation of past traditions is brought forth. In "Eterunitas," we witness the failure of silence, Language's failure to attain Poetry, initiating the incessant flow of writing, poetry, and translation, beyond reading. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

The Nearctic species of the genus Isonychia Eaton are revised. Eighteen species are recognized, of which three are described as new; eleven species names are placed in synonymy. Isonychia campestris McDunough is recognized as a fully valid geographically restricted species. Two subgenera, Isonychia sensu stricto and Prionoides Kondratieff and Voshell are recognized on the basis of adult and nymphal characteristics. Isonychia s.s. includes four species groups: bicolor group with four species, arida group with one species, sicca group containing five species, and diversa group with one species. The subgenus Prionoides includes seven species. A Neotype is designated for l. arida (Say). Previously undescribed characters of the nymphal gills are described and illustrated. The male genitalia and eggs are illustrated for every species. The distribution of each species is mapped. Diagnostic keys to male adults and nymphs are presented. A discussion of the nomenclatural history of the genus and each species is included. Diagnostic characters, rearing and collecting techniques are also discussed. The life histories and life cycles of two populations of Isonychia (Isonychia) bicolor (Walker) and one population of Isonychia (Prionoides) obscura Traver are presented in detail. Many features used in the past as specific criteria, especially in the bicolor and sicca Groups are found to be related to developmental periods of given populations involving geography, elevation, water temperature and stream size. The life cycle of I. bicolor is probably bivoltine at both sites. At the trout stream site there is a large-sized spring emerging generation and a much smaller summer emerging generation with considerable overlap. Isonychia obscura Traver is univoltine with adult emergence in mid-June and with egg diapause during the summer months. Additional life history information is also presented for I. (l.) tusculanensis Berner and I. (P.) serrata Traver. The evolution of the genus Isonychia and the two subgenera l. (Isonychia) and I. (Prionoides) is hypothesized. The North American biogeography of Isonychia may have included an invasion of North America via the "asiamerican" land mass of the Cretaceous. The early Isonychia mayflies may have been adapted to low order cool streams of high elevations. This lineage was probably similar to the subgenus Prionoides. Isonychia s.s. has been successful in colonizing the upper and lower austral zones and appears to be a warm water adapted group. / Doctor of Philosophy

A chromosome banding protocol for <u>Blattella germanica</u> speramtocytes was developed to reveal locations of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands). Normality of the acid treatment used to denature basic (histone) proteins, temperature of the salt solution used to extract DNA from unhanded regions, and the components of the Romanowsky-type stain proved to be critical components in the C-banding process. The thiazine component of a standard Gieasa stain had an absorbance maximum altered from that of methylene blue, the putative major thiazine in this stain and was ineffective in producing C-bands. Two samples of Leishman's stain were examined chromatographically, spectrophotometrically, and for their C-bandinq ability as they aged. Banding failure was accompanied by a rounding of the thiazine spectral peak and the appearance of unknowns with cbromatographic mobility intermediate to azures A and B, and an apparent increase in azure C content. Experimental thermal and photo-degradation of Leishman's stain shoved similar alterations of the thiazine components. c-banded prop base II and diplotene kacyotypes revealed a hiqhly heteroaorphic pattern of C-band distribution. Blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were not soley associated with centroaeres bat occurred interstitially and terminally also. One chromosome was C-band negative, number 8, while two others. 9 and the X, were almost completely heterochromatic. Differential rates of condensation from prophase I to prophase II for euchromatic and heterochromatic regions were documented. The karyotype of <u> B. germanica</u> contained many gray bands that may indicate euchroaatin interspersed with heterochromatin. Translocation heterozygote stocks were used to correlate the banded karyotype with linkage groups. Translocation multivalents frequently contained C-bands Dot resolved in wild type chromosomes. A C-banded prophase II karyotype of a closely related species, <u>Blattella vaga</u>, was prepared to assess the variability of heterochromatin distribution. The basic banding pattern was preserved in four of the twelve chromosomes although the bands were larger in this species. Tvo chromosomes, 11 and 8, had a single additional C-band in each. The basic banding pattern was preserved in four of the twelve chromosomes although the bands larger in this species. Two chromosomes, 11 and 89, had a single additional C-band in each. The <u>B. vaga X</u> chromosome was about twice as large as that in <u>B. germanica</u>. The mid-sized chromosomes were extensively repatterned. Overall, <u>B. vaga</u> chromosomes were longer than those of <u>B. germanica</u>. Increased heterochromatin content appeared to be the cause of the greater length. / Ph. D.

Ph. D.