The current study examined the effects of the leader performance and leader likeableness upon ratings of initiating structure and consideration and upon the latencies to make these ratings. One-hundred and ninty-eight male subjects read and listened to a description of a fictitious personnel manager. The manager’s performance (high vs. low vs. control), likableness (liked vs. disliked vs. neutral), and the position of the liking information (before behavior vs. after behavior) were manipulated within the vignette. Subjects were presented questions about the manager’s initiating structure and consideration behaviors on a Cathode Ray Terminal via a FORTRAN Program. The subjects’ responses and latencies to respond were recorded. The ratings of initiating structure and consideration were analyzed as a 3 x 3 x 2 between-subjects design. Ratings of consideration were jointly influenced by the three factors. The latency to respond data were analyzed with a regression analysis. When the leaders’ behavior was inconsistent with his performance, latency to respond could be significantly predicted by accuracy of response and the position of the liking information. It was concluded that liking for the leader and leader performance affect ratings of leader behavior and the cognitive processes involved in the ratings. Furthermore, the position of the liking information moderates these relationships. Future research and possible applications of the results are discussed. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to be utilized in dating and identifying extant handbags between 1855 and 1910. The objectives were, first, to develop a tool to aid the researcher in examining the handbags found; and second, to develop the instrument. Using content analysis, a number of primary source references focusing on women, fashion, and needlework were examined. Following the content analysis, seriation was used to organize the data for analysis and interpretation. From the histograms provided by the seriation, the Authentication instrument was developed. ln the first part, the Style Timeline, the information necessary to identify a handbag and assign a general date is supplied. Five styles of handbags were recognized: chatelaine bags and aumonieres; miser's purses; pocketbooks; chatelaine, neck and finger purses; and, wristbags. The second part of the instrument, the Style Analyses, then provides detailed discussions of each style allowing more specific dates to be established. These analyses also include descriptive material such as what the bag may have cost, or an etiquette surrounding its use. From the study, it became apparent that handbags were effected most profoundly by two factors: dress styles and the growing independence of women. Furthermore, these bags were also influenced by changes in commerce, industry, foreign trade, and economic prosperity of the country. Each new decade brought with it new beliefs, fashions, and tastes influenced by the social, economic, and political events of the time. Therefore, as ideas of what was fashionable and what was not changed with the times, so did the handbag. / M.S.

Experimental data in the literature suggests that the upper break frequency of the human otolith organ is about 1.5 rad/sec. This paper presents an analytical technique to show that this value is approximately two orders of magnitude too small. The accepted lumped parameter model of the otolith organ is approximated to be independent of cupular stiffness for small time. Removal of the stiffness leads to a problem which, when subjected to a change in linear velocity, is analogous to Stokes' impulsive plate problem. The displacement of this"elasticity-independent" impulsive plate problem is compared with that predicted by the lumped parameter model when subjected to the same input. The solution of the former is approximated to be in the same exponential form as the latter, from which a value for the short time constant of the system is extracted. This value, the reciprocal of the upper break frequency, is approximately .0067 sec, giving a value for the upper break frequency of 150 rad/sec. This value is shown to be supported by several sources. / Master of Science

A method for finding simple roots of arbitrary polynomials based on divided differences is discussed. Theoretical background is presented for the case of simple roots. Numerical results are presented which show the algorithm finds simple and (usually) multiple zeros to an accuracy limited by the accuracy of polynomial evaluation. The method is designed for an SIMD parallel computer. The algorithm is compared to two other frequently used polynomial root finders, the Jenkins-Traub algorithm and Laguerre’s method. / Master of Science

M.S.

A computer program named Silo Investment Analysis (SILAN) was developed to assist dairymen with selection of silage structures. SILAN consists of a core program which can be supplemented with options to include borrowed money, income tax benefits, inflation, companion equipment, and an evaluation of dimensions. It computes present value of cost, annual cost, and costs per ton of silage. It also provides a cash-flow, and ranks silo alternatives on annual cost, cost per ton, and storage capacity. Trial runs were designed for analysis by the program. With no borrowed money and a 9% minimum attractive rate of return, costs per ton of dry matter recovered ranged from $5.39 to $14.09 for horizontal, $9.60 to $24.92 for conventional upright, and $29.42 to $66.75 for oxygen-limiting silos. Annual costs ranged from $2045 to $4572, $1708 to $4673, and $4901 to $14805 for horizontal, conventional upright, and oxygen-limiting silos. However, horizontal silos were larger than the upright silos. Predictive equations were developed for annual cost and cost per ton of dry matter recovered for each type of silo. Variables included price, minimum attractive rate of return, marginal tax bracket, and their products. Models were selected which contained the fewest terms and possessed R-square values greater than .95. Annual cost models for all silo types were or the same form, varying only by the size of regression coefficients. Formulas for cost per ton were more complex and varied by type of silo. / Master of Science

Rats received access to high or low saccharin concentrations or to distilled water or 2% saline prior to testing for conditioned taste aversion or neophobia. Pre-exposure to high saccharin concentration attenuated neophobia and taste aversion to high and low concentrations. Pre-exposure to the low concentration attenuated neophobia to both concentrations but attenuated taste aversion only to the low concentration. Saline and distilled water pre-exposure did not attenuate neophobia or taste aversion to either concentration. / Master of Science

Megagametophytes of the heterosporous lower vascular plant, Selaginella, were cultured on a variety of types and concentrations of carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and sorbitol), with and without B vitamins, in an attempt to induce apogamy. Without B vitamins growth was enhanced on glucose and trehalose, but not on sucrose. With B vitamins growth was enhanced on all types and concentrations of carbon sources. Enhanced growth involved the production of greater numbers of cells in the tissue. Chlorophyll-a was present in megagametophytes cultured on many of the treatments, including control treatments without supplemental carbon. Apogamy was not induced. / Master of Science

The refractive indices for light vibrating along the a, b, and c cell edges -- symbols na, nb, and nc - were measured for 20 andalusite-kanonaite solid solutions ranging from relatively pure andalusite (Al₂SiO₅) to about 62 mole percent kanonaite (MnAlSi0₅). Of the 20 crystals, 8 contained significant Fe³⁺ in addition to Mn³⁺ and, in the literature, were called viridines. Linear regressions were performed on the data using, successively, na, nb, and nc for 589.3 nm as the dependent variables and, as independent variables, among other choices, the total sum of the weight percents for Mn₂O₃ plus Fe₂O₃. The resultant models na = 1.6444 + 0.00225 (Mn₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) r²=0.99 nb = 1.6399 + 0.0036 (Mn₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) r²=0.98 nc = 1.6325 + 0.0066 (Mn₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) r²=0.98 confirm and explain Wulfing's (1917) observation that, relative to the {110} cleavage, andalusite is length-fast whereas viridine is length-slow. Thus, the equations for na and nc intersect when (Mn₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) equals 2.74 weight percent. Consequently for (Mn₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) 2.74 the optic orientation is a=Z, b=Y, c=X (as in andalusite) whereas for (Mn₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) 2.74 the orientation is a=X, b=Y, c=Z (as for viridines and kanonaites). Andalusites at or near the 2.74 weight percent intersection should likely be isotropic or nearly so. Thus, for wavelength 589.3 nm, their indices would likely be na = nc = 1.6506 and nb=1.6498. Even at wavelengths 486.1 or 656.3 nm their maximum birefringence would be little m0re than 0.0012. To the writer's knowledge, andalusites containing (ca.) 2.74 weight percent (Mn₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃) have yet to be described. Either they are scarce or absent in nature or else they escaped recognition as andalusites because of their near-isotropism. Linear regressions performed on the optical data for andalusite only (viridines and kanonaite excluded) yield equations that indicate that, for pure andalusite for λ = 589.3: α = nc = 1.6325(3); β = nb = 1.6385(3); γ = na = 1.6434(3); 2Vx = 84 degrees. For most andalusites, 2V varies little from 84 degrees but does appear to increase with Mn content. For pure andalusite the cell edges, volume, and density are predicted to be a = 7.7917(7)A, b = 7.8961(2)A, c = 5.5536(6)A, V = 341.68A³, and d = 3.149gm/cc³. / M.S.

Predation by saugers was evaluated from stomach contents of 550 saugers collected by gillnetting in the Gallipolis Pool of the Ohio River during June 1980 - August 1981. Abundance of prey items in the river was assessed from seine samples collected at similar sites during the same period. Gizzard shad were the most abundant prey in sauger stomachs, comprising 42% of all identified prey, followed by emerald shiners (28%), freshwater drum (16%), channel catfish (12%), and mimic shiners (1%). Close correlation between abundance and size of prey in stomachs and in seine samples suggested lack of selection by saugers. Annual food consumption of saugers averaged 1.1% of the body weight per day. Growth and daily ration were high from August to January (maximum in October) and low from March to July. Rapid growth and high food consumption throughout the fall and early winter relate to the extended period of high temperatures and increased availability of gizzard shad. Conversion efficiency estimates during the growing season averaged 20%, similar to reports for other aquatic systems. Annual conversion efficiency averaged 15.7%, indicating a 27% overestimate of annual efficiency levels through the use of only growing season data. Daily feeding activity was continuous for saugers during October - January when light intensity was low and food abundance and daily ration were high. Feeding was also continuous during March - May but was highly variable. Feeding was significantly greater during the daylight hours in June, but was reduced during daylight hours in August. Turbidity levels were much higher in June than in August and may have affected the patterns of feeding periodicity during these months. / Master of Science