Fifty-seven subjects from 14 families participated in a study designed to investigate similarities and differences between parents and children residing with them relative to their serum lipid levels and dietary lipid intakes. To participate, at least one of the parents needed to have a serum total cholesterol of at least 240 mg/dL. Fasting blood samples obtained from the participants were analyzed for serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure readings also were taken. Dietary records, questionnaires on lifestyle, health habits, health history, and nutrition knowledge were completed by the participants. Correlation coefficients between serum total cholesterol and dietary cholesterol intakes of the fathers were 0.66 (p = 0.01) in all 14 families and 0.64 (p = 0.05) in the 11 families in which at least one parent had a family history of CHD. The values of the correlation coefficients of HDL-C and the intake of dietary cholesterol of the children for the 14 families and the 11 families were -0.36 (p = 0.07) and -0.55 (p = 0.01) respectively. A significant correlation was found between the dietary pattern of the parents and that of their children. The following correlation coefficients were found for the five families in which both parents had a fmaily history of CHD: 0.65 (p = 0.02) for total fat, 0.79 (p = 0.002) for saturated fat , and 0.59 (p = 0.04) for cholesterol. / Master of Science

Dual purpose fiber optic microbend loss sensors have been developed for measurement of underwater acoustic wave amplitudes and for detection of the direction of wave propagation. Cylindrical sensing elements with external threads have fibers wound around them. Axial slots, cut along the length of the cylinder and deeper than the threads, provide the microbends. Three different construction schemes for cylindrical sensing elements are built. The dual purpose hydrophones are characterized for frequencies ranging from 15 kHz to 75 kHz. Based on the results, an improved design that uses the wavelength dependence of microbend loss in a single mode fiber is proposed. / Master of Science

Limited inductive photoperiod (LIP) significantly reduced stem length but had no effect on the peduncle length, leaf number, plant diameter, days from seed to first flower or days from start of long days (LD) to first flower in Eschscholtzia californica. However with fewer LD cycles, negative effects associated with LIP included an increasing number of bud abortions and plants remaining vegetative, while the number of axillary buds decreased. Ancymidol [alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5- pyrimidinemethanol] at 35, 45 and 50 ppm reduced stem length, but had no effect on peduncle length. Although plant diameter was significantly reduced, ancymidol had no effect on number of leaves or days to flower. There were no bud abortions, all plants flowered successfully, and there was no negative effect on axillary bud number with the use of ancymidol. Cycocel [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] had no effect on stem length or the overall plant height in the Eschscholtzia californica. In addition, cycocel proved to be ineffective on associated vegetative growth and reproductive development. / Master of Science

(R,S)-[Carboxyl-¹⁴C]–cis-3-hydroxyproline was synthesized from S-[carboxyl-¹⁴C] proline. The oxygen functionality at the three position was obtained by acetylation of 1,2-dehydroproline methyl ester using lead tetraacetate. Reduction of the imine with sodium borohydride gave predominately (R,S)-[caboxyl-¹⁴C]-cis-3-acetoxyproline which was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and recrystallization. In order to determine if cis-3-hydroxyproline is a precursor for the dehydroproline moietyof virginiamycin M1, (R,S)-[carboxyl-¹⁴C]-cis-3-hydroxyproline and S-[3,4-³H] proline with a ³H/¹⁴C of 9 were fed simultaneously to a virginiamycin producing strain of Streptomyces. The resulting antibiotic had a ³H/¹⁴C ratio of 41.3. The proline portion of the antibiotic had a ratio of 19.9. Therefore, 45% of the cis-3-hydroxyproline was incorporated, and cis-3-hydroxyproline is a precursor to the dehydroproline moiety. / Master of Science

This thesis deals with the application of the Life Cycle concept to the design of bridges. Its focus is on methodology rather than on any particular application, with emphasis on the preliminary design stage. With the help of conceptual equations for the construction, maintenance, and vehicle delay costs, a procedure for making decisions at the preliminary design stage is presented. Decisions are made on the basis of minimum present equivalent total cost and include the number of lanes to be provided, the span between piers, and the design alternative (type of bridge) to be adopted for detail design. Minimization is done by a total enumeration procedure. Sensitivity of the decisions with respect to the interest rate and the study period is analyzed, and design decision reversals are noted. This includes a joint sensitivity analysis with respect to these design independent parameters. Limited analysis of errors in cost estimating equations is also performed. A FORTRAN code, implementable on mainframe and personal computers is developed to aid calculations. / Master of Science

A virulent Mycobacterium avium strain, LR25, which carries 3 plasmids (18, 28, and 165 kb) and grows at 43°C was compared to its plasmid-free, avirulent segregant, strain LR163, to investigate the basis for the latter's inability to grow at 43°C. The failure of mid-log phase cultures of strain LR163 to grow at 43°C was dependent upon the presence of high levels of culture aeration. In addition, highly aerated mid-log phase cultures of strain LR163 failed to grow at 379C, By contrast, late-log phase cultures of strain LR163 were capable of growth when shifted to 43°9C under highly aerobie conditions. Mid-log phase cells of strain LR163 had 30% of the catalase activity of mid-log phase cells of strain LR25 and were more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide (0.08% w/v). Catalase activities of late-log, early-stationary, and stationary phase cells of strain LR163 were Significantly higher than mid-log phase cells. Catalase activity of strain LR25 was highest in cells of mid-log phase cultures, whereas the catalase activity of strain LR163 was highest in cells of stationary phase cultures. These data support the idea that plasmid-encoded genes influence M. avium catalase activity. / Master of Science

This thesis is concerned with structure exploitation and the design of algorithms for solving large-scale harvest scheduling problems. We discover that the harvest scheduling problem involving area constraints possesses a network structure. In Model I-Form 1, the network constraints form a separable block diagonal structure, which permits one to solve for the decision variables belonging to each individual area constraints as independent knapsack problems. In Model II-Form 1, the network constraints constitute a longest path problem, and a Longest Path Algorithm is developed to solve this problem in closed form. The computational time for this scheme is greatly reduced over that for the revised simplex method. The Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm is coded and tuned to solve general Model II problems, taking advantage of the Longest Path Algorithm in the subproblem step, and using the revised simplex method to solve the master problems. Computational results show that the algorithm solves problems to within one percent accuracy far more efficiently than the revised simplex method using MPS III. Both the CPU time and number of iterations for the Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm are less than those for the MPS III, depending on the problem size. Results also suggest that the Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm makes rapid advances in the initial iterations, but has a slow convergence rate in the final iterations. A Primal-Dual Conjugate Subgradient Algorithm is also coded and tuned to solve general Model II problems. Results show that the computational effort is greatly affected by the number of side constraints. If the number of side constraints is restricted, the Primal-Dual Conjugate Subgradient Algorithm can give a more efficient algorithm for solving harvest scheduling problems. Overall, from a storage requirement viewpoint, the Primal-Dual Conjugate Subgradient Algorithm is best, followed by the Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm and then the revised simplex method. From a computational efficiency viewpoint, if the optimality criterion is suitably selected, the Dantzig-Wolfe algorithm is best, provided that the number of side constraints are not too many, followed by the revised simplex method and then the Primal-Dual Conjugate Subgradient Algorithm. / Master of Science

The counting and classification of vehicles is an important part of transportation engineering. In the past twenty years many automated systems have been developed to accomplish that labor-intensive task. Unfortunately most of those systems are characterized by inaccurate detection systems and/or classification method's which result in many classification errors, thus limiting the accuracy of the system. This report describes the development of a new vehicle classification program, originally designed for use in the Two-Point-Time-Ratio method of vehicle classification, which could greatly improve the accuracy of automated classification systems. The program utilizes data provided by either vehicle detection sensors, or the program user, to determine the velocity, number of axles, and axle spacings of a passing vehicle. It then matches the axle numbers and spacings with one of forty-one possible vehicle classifications and prints the vehicle class, speed, and wheelbase lengths. It also tabulates and prints totals and average speeds for each vehicle type. This report then describes a roadside experiment conducted to test the accuracy of the program, and the results of that experiment, which show the program classifications to be highly accurate. The report then describes the options available within the program, and provides instructions and an example on the use of the program. Possible future expansions of the system are also cited. / Master of Science

Throughout history, and even today, it appears that architecture is obligated to develop its principles from nature, purely on the fact that nature "came into the world" first. Thus, by following these principles, architecture is supposedly justified because it adheres to the natural order of the universe. However, in traversing the historic processes of art, the legitimacy of nature as a prescriptive model is thrown into doubt when such a model becomes elusive and indeterminate. It is the purpose of this book to show that rather than seek universal harmony by imitating that which occurs in nature, architecture actually demonstrates the human desire to harness and cultivate the natural environment, thereby embracing the primal conflict between nature art. By acknowledging this dialectical relationship, the book chooses to stay clear of delving into any existential thought derived from this conflict's more romantic notions; it also wishes to avoid any random speculations about issue that has been debated and interpreted centuries. Instead, by recognizing the specific epistemological value inherent in this opposition, it hopes to establish useful and tangible criteria for making aesthetic decisions in any architectural project. / Master of Architecture

The personal computer program MOVEX, a program for the design of structurally supported excavations to limit X lateral ground movements in clay soils, was revised and updated. A key element in the program, the method of determining factor of safety against basal heave, was fully rewritten. Seven case histories were examined to evaluate the program capabilities in predicting movements. Two important improvements to the program include adding allowances for possible anisotropic strength variations in the soil layers, and for wall movements caused by excavation before supports are added to the wall. The latter issue is relevant inasmuch as such movements are present in almost all excavations to one degree or another. The program output was also updated using a streamlined and more informative format. Disclaimer statements were added to certain areas to notify the user of program limitations. Movement calculation methods were improved by removing several errors and adding a linear interpolation feature which eliminates our earlier problem with jumps in predictions as certain parameter horizons were passed. Finally, the Fortran program was reorganized and comment statements were added to provide a more flowing and readable style, and a new User's Guide was developed to reflect the new program. / Master of Science