Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae synthesizes a serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide (CP) that protects this bacterium from host defenses. In the presence of anti-CP IgG, encapsulated A. pleuropneumoniae K17 was killed in precolostral calf serum (PCS) but not in normal serum used as a complement source. In contrast, two capsule-deficient mutants were killed in normal serum. The CP of A. pleuropneumoniae contributed to serum-resistance by limiting the amount of C9, a component of the membrane attack complex, but not C3, that bound to the bacteria in PCS. A second mechanism of serum resistance was due to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific antibody present in the IgG fractions of normal swine serum, swine anti-K17 serum, and guinea pig anti-K17 LPS serum that blocked anti-CP IgG complement-mediated killing of A. pleuropneumoniae. This LPS-specific antibody prevented complement-mediated killing of K17 in the presence of potentially bactericidal anti-CP IgG by reducing the deposition of C9 onto A. pleuropneumoniae, and by directing the deposition of C9 to sites on the bacteria where the bound C9 was easily eluted. Thus, CP and anti-LPS antibody may act synergistically or at different stages of infection to limit the ability of complement to eliminate A. pleuropneumoniae. Two overlapping regions of the A. pleuropneumoniae J45 capsulation locus were cloned and partially sequenced. One region was conserved among A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes and contained four open reading frames, cpxDCBA, that were highly homologous at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels to genes involved in the export of the CP of H. influenzae type b (bexDCBA), Neisseria meningitidis group B (ctrABCD), and to a lesser extent Escherichia coli K1 and K5 (kpsED, kpsMT). The J45 cpxDCBA gene cluster was able to partially complement kpsM::TnphoA or kpsT::TnphoA mutations within a plasmid-encoded E. coli K5 kps locus and restored sensitivity to a K5-specific bacteriophage, indicating that cpxDCBA functioned in capsular polysaccharide export. A DNA region adjacent to A. pleuropneumoniae J45 cpxDCBA was identified that was serotype-specific. This region contained two complete open reading frames (cpsA and cpsB), and a third partial open reading frame, cpsC. These genes may encode proteins involved in A. pleuropneumoniae J45 CP biosynthesis. A recombinant A. pleuropneumoniae J45 mutant in which the three serotype-specific genes, cpsABC, were partially or completely deleted was generated by allelic exchange. This mutant did not produce intracellular or extracellular CP, was serum-sensitive, and was attenuated in pigs. These studies demonstrated that CP contributed to the serum-resistance and virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae. This noncapsulated mutant will be evaluated as a potential live vaccine strain for the control of swine pleuropneumonia. / Ph. D.

Several experiments were conducted to determine optimum methods for extraction, isolation and analysis of selected aroma components and the influence of grapevine canopy manipulation and fermentation on those components. A polymeric styrene resin (XAD-2) was evaluated for its ability to absorb and desorb five monoterpene alcohols, three monoterpene hydrocarbons, four monterpene oxides, two aromatic alcohols and a glucopyranoside from White Riesling juice at two different pH values. The percent recovery and the coefficients of variation for each compound was compared with a continuous Freon 11 extraction system. The percent recovery averaged 90% or greater for both systems with the coefficient of variation being smaller with the resin extraction. In two separate studies canopy manipulation was evaluated for the effect on aroma components using the XAD-2 resin isolation procedure. The influence of shoot topping to 10 or 20 nodes or ethephon application on grape aroma components was measured for three seasons. Canopy modification by both topping levels and ethephon treatment increased sunlight penetration into the canopy fruiting zone. Free volatile terpenes (FVT) were increased by ethephon in two of three seasons while shoot topping increased FVT and potentially free volatile terpenes (PVT) in one of three seasons. In the second separate three-year study, two to four leaves were removed from the fruiting zone of grapes grown on two training systems. Selective leaf removal increased sunlight penetration into the grape canopy but generally did not influence FVT. However, PVT was frequently higher in the leaf-pulled fruit including four of six commercial harvest dates. The total quantity of the bound geraniol, nerol, linalool, and a terpineol was higher in fruit from the leaf-pulled vines at harvest. Four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated for their influences on free and conjugated aroma components of White Riesling grapes, immediately following and 45 days post-fermentation with lees or Sur lie. Fermentation generally reduced free terpenes except for «- terpineol, hotrienol, citronellol, and linalool oxides. Fermentation also increased free benzyl and 2-phenylethanol. In newly fermented and aged wines the concentrations of free volatiles were always below the sensory threshold for each compound. The potentially volatile terpenes (PVT) were Similar among treatments following fermentation, the exception being the Fermiblanc (FB) yeast strain. Additional hydrolysis of bound compounds occurred in each wine following lees storage, the exception being the wine fermented with the Fermiblanc (FB) strain. / Ph. D.

La presente investigación busca analizar qué tipos de interacción surgieron entre las ONG feministas Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristán, el Movimiento Manuela Ramos y el Estado –con respecto a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres en el Perú– durante su participación en la Mesa Tripartita de Seguimiento de la Conferencia de Población y Desarrollo, El Cairo (CIPD), que tuvo lugar entre los años 1997-2000. Dicha Mesa, instaurada durante el segundo gobierno de Alberto Fujimori, estuvo constituida, además, por representantes de la Cooperación Internacional y la Academia. Este trabajo busca determinar cómo la Mesa Tripartita, en un contexto fuertemente influido por las agencias de Cooperación Internacional, generó interacciones entre el Estado y las ONG feministas CMP Flora Tristán y el Movimiento Manuela Ramos; interacciones que fueron cambiando entre el acercamiento y la cooperación, hasta producir una reconfiguración de las negociaciones debido al programa de Anticoncepción Quirúrgica Voluntaria (AQV) que causó una serie de denuncias por esterilizaciones forzadas durante el segundo gobierno de Alberto Fujimori. Cabe mencionar, que esta tesis enfocará su análisis desde la perspectiva de los distintos integrantes involucrados de la sociedad civil. / Tesis

Gilles Deleuze makes a paradox of ethics. Throughout his oeuvre, he establishes polarities (affirmation versus negation, difference versus identity, rhizome versus arborescence, etc.), and demonstrates rhetorically a preference for one pole over the other. This would seem to constitute, if not an obligation or imperative, at least an urgency, a suggestion that those who find his discussion compelling should favor that one pole and act in such a way as to promote it or move toward it. However, for a variety of reasons, it proves difficult or even impossible to put this 'ethics' into practice. / This thesis examines the reasons for this impossibility through close readings of four of Deleuze's texts, Nietzsche and Philosophy, Difference and Repetition, Anti-Oedipus, and A Thousand Plateaus. In each text, I highlight the polarities, showing where Deleuze's expressed preference lies. Then I demonstrate the obstacles to an implementation of this preference. Moving from text to text, I trace how Deleuze's attempts to deal with the question of ethics change over his career, becoming more sophisticated and opening up new problems and possibilities. / Although the nature of the paradox of ethics varies from case to case, I discover at least two difficulties in general. The first concerns the move from the abstract to the concrete: Deleuze often expresses a polarity in abstract or metaphysical terms, which collapses when extended into the concrete. Metaphysically, affirmation is sharply distinguished from negation; where affirmation creates difference, negation levels difference to produce homogeneity. Practically, however, it is impossible to locate this distinction in the world; no person, place, thing, or event can be said to be either affirmative or negative. / This relates closely to the second general difficulty, the insertion of the subject. Even if it were possible to make a practical distinction between two poles of value, it is impossible to locate the subject in relation to those poles. That is, even if the world can be said to behave affirmatively or negatively, the subject is only accidentally related to this behavior, and so ethics becomes a purely ontological matter, bearing no relation to the will or intention of a subject.

by Paul Tseng and Dimitri P. Bertsekas. / Cover title. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-20). / Research supported by the Army Research Office. DAAL03-86-K-0171 Research supported by the National Science Foundation. DDM-8903385

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Juridicas / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T20:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1996Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T20:55:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 105207.pdf: 5046924 bytes, checksum: ac1e9c658e06f9b9125435f0d9134428 (MD5) / Análise da Ordem Econômica e Financeira da Constituição brasileira, destacando as alterações promovidas neste título pelo constituinte derivado, na reforma constitucional de 1995. Apresenta classificação da intervenção do Estado em regime de monopólio à luz da Constituição brasileira.

see document / Master of Science

not available until OCRd / Master of Science

<p>Software complexity metries have long been used in the procedural programming paradigm. Existing OOP metrics do not address how a class's relation to other classes in the inheritance hierarchy affect it's maintenance needs. This research proposes a new OOP metric, Hierarchy Corrected Metric (HCM) that does address a class's relation to others in the hierarchy. HCM uses the values of the standard OOP metrics for each class plus knowledge of the class inheritance hierarchy to anive at a revised complexity measurement for each class. That measurement reflects not only internal complexity for the class but also the influence of other classes in the hierarchy to the complexity of the class. Using data from a commercial system HCM was shown to correlate with maintenance better than existing OOP metrics.</p> / Master of Science

<p>The objective of this project was threefold. Initially, interviews with tourists, visitor center staff, and tourism officials were conducted to determine if the proposed ITS technologies could be successfully used to promote tourism in southwest Virginia. From these interviews, a list of user needs was developed. Finally, possible applications of the ITS technologies were recommended.</p> / Master of Science