Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles. / La pandémie de COVID-19 a fortement détérioré la santé psychologique de la population en général, mais en particulier de certains secteurs d'emploi qui ont été particulièrement touchés par des problèmes d'absentéisme et de pénurie de main-d'œuvre, tels que les secteurs de l'enseignement et des soins de santé. Peu d'études réalisées dans cette période de crise ont vérifié si le climat de sécurité psychosocial était un précurseur de l'engagement et de l'épuisement à travers les demandes et les ressources de l'emploi. Cette étude longitudinale vise donc à évaluer le rôle médiateur des demandes et des ressources de l'emploi, dans les relations entre le climat de sécurité psychosocial et l'engagement et l'épuisement émotionnel et à vérifier les différences selon le secteur d'emploi chez les professionnels de l'enseignement et des soins de santé pendant la pandémie COVID-19. Notre échantillon était composé de 70 professionnels de l'enseignement et 69 professionnels des soins de santé qui ont répondu à un questionnaire mesurant le climat de sécurité psychosocial, la charge de travail, l'autonomie, le soutien social, la reconnaissance, l'engagement et l'épuisement émotionnel. Les résultats ont montré que climat de sécurité psychosocial est significativement plus élevé chez les professionnels de l'enseignement. La relation bêta entre l'autonomie et l'épuisement est positive. En contrôlant pour le secteur d'emploi, le soutien des collègues et la reconnaissance agissent comme médiateurs dans la relation climat de sécurité psychosocial-engagement, alors que la charge de travail agit comme médiateur dans la relation CSP-épuisement émotionnel, uniquement chez les professionnels de l'enseignement. Toutefois, la différence entre les deux secteurs d'emploi n'est marginalement significative que lorsque la reconnaissance est le médiateur de la relation CSP-engagement. La reconnaissance est liée positivement à l'engagement chez les professionnels de l'enseignement de façon significative, alors qu'elle y est liée négativement chez les professionnels de la santé, mais de façon non significative. Notre étude a permis de mettre en lumière l'importance du climat de sécurité psychosocial en temps de pandémie pour équilibrer les demandes et les ressources de l'emploi et améliorer la santé psychologique chez les professionnels de l'enseignement et des soins de santé. / The COVID-19 pandemic severely deteriorated the psychological health of the general population, but particularly of certain employment sectors that were particularly affected by problems of absenteeism and labour shortages, such as the education and healthcare sectors. Few studies conducted during this period of crisis have tested whether psychosocial safety climate is a precursor to engagement and burnout across job demands and resources. The purpose of this longitudinal study was therefore to assess the mediating role of job demands and resources in the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and engagement and emotional exhaustion and to test for differences by employment sector among education and healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our sample consisted of 70 teaching professionals and 69 healthcare professionals who completed a questionnaire measuring psychosocial safety climate, workload, autonomy, social support, recognition, commitment, and emotional exhaustion. The results showed that psychosocial safety climate is significantly higher in teaching professionals. The beta relationship between autonomy and emotional exhaustion was positive. Moderating for employment sector, co-worker support and recognition mediate the PSC-engagement relationship, whereas workload mediates the PSC-emotional exhaustion relationship, only among teaching professionals. However, the difference between the two job sectors is only marginally significant when recognition mediates the PSC-engagement relationship. Recognition is significantly positively related to engagement among teaching professionals, whereas it is negatively related among health professionals, but not significantly so. Our study highlighted the importance of psychosocial safety climate during a pandemic to balance job demands and resources and improve psychological health among teaching and healthcare professionals.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 13 décembre 2023) / Dans ce présent mémoire, nous entreprenons l'identification des facteurs qui exercent la plus grande influence dans la prise de décision concernant l'adhésion au programme de vaccination contre la COVID-19, particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'administration de doses multiples. Afin de scruter le processus décisionnel, nous utilisons les régressions linéaires avec régularisation afin de discriminer certaines variables. Nous optons ensuite pour une première approche qui fait appel à des modèles économétriques, incluant le modèle logit ordonné et le modèle Hurdle Poisson. Une deuxième approche repose sur l'apprentissage statistique, en exploitant un arbre de décision, l'algorithme de l'eXtreme Gradient Boosting, une forêt aléatoire, une analyse fondée sur les vecteurs de support, et enfin, un réseau de neurones. Les variables sont classifiées en cinq catégories majeures : les variables socioéconomiques, celles liées aux symptômes infectieux de la COVID-19, celles associées au risque perçu de contracter la COVID-19, les variables relatives à l'expérience personnelle des individus face à la COVID-19, ainsi que les facteurs liés aux interactions des individus avec ce virus. Les données proviennent de la firme de sondage Léger Marketing Opinion. Nos analyses révèlent que les variables socioéconomiques jouent un rôle central dans la décision d'adhérer au programme de vaccination et aux doses multiples. Notamment, les individus âgés de 50 ans et plus, détenant minimalement un diplôme de premier cycle universitaire, et disposant d'un revenu supérieur à 100 000 $, se montrent plus enclins à participer à l'effort de couverture vaccinale de masse en consentant à la réception de doses multiples. Les autorités publiques et sanitaires ne doivent toutefois pas omettre l'analyse de l'entourage des individus afin d'améliorer l'efficacité des politiques publiques. / In this master thesis, we endeavor to identify the factors that are most likely to exert an influence on decision-making regarding adherence to the COVID-19 vaccination program and the acceptance of multiple-dose vaccine injections. To analyze the decision-making process, We use regularized linear regressions to build a parsimonious model. We then use two primary approaches. Firstly, we employ econometric models, specifically the ordered logit model and the Hurdle Poisson. Secondly, we use statistical learning, encompassing a decision tree, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm, a random forest, support vector analysis, and a neural network. The variables under investigation fall within five broad categories : socio-economic factors related to infectious symptoms of COVID-19, perceived risk of developing COVID-19, individual experience of COVID-19, and individual relationships with COVID-19. The data utilized for analysis were obtained from Léger Marketing Opinion. Our findings divulge that socio-economic variables play a pivotal role in the decision-making process to endorse the vaccination program. Individuals aged 50 and above, possessing at least an undergraduate degree, and earning an income exceeding $100,000, demonstrate a greater likelihood of participating in mass vaccination coverage and consenting to multiple doses of vaccine injections. Nonethless, we emphasize that public and health authorities must not disregard the importance of scrutinizing the attitudes of those around them, in order to improve the elaboration of public policies.

D. Litt et Phil. (Literature and Philosophy) / Eye health promotion is an important aspect of VISION 2020 campaign that aims to eliminate unwarranted cases of avoidable blindness worldwide by the year 2020. Most developing countries, including South Africa, have a serious burden of eye diseases and unwarranted causes of visual impairment and blindness. The purpose of this research therefore was to highlight the lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy in the South African primary health care system which can play a major role in the elimination of this burden of disease and also to make proposals for eye health promotion policy development in South Africa. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used in this study. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with all national and provincial health managers of portfolios relevant to eye care. Also, various health policy documents were requested from the National and Provincial Department of Health to ascertain claims of any existing guidelines on eye care. The policy documents and guidelines obtained had no specific reference to eye health promotion. Only 11 (23%) of the managers of provincial health directorates reported that they have integrated vision screening in their health promotion programmes as part of eye health promotion strategies. Eye care managers in the provinces reported that school visits accounted for 75% of eye health promotion programmes target areas. Also, apart from the Northern Cape Province which has no eye care manager and consequently no eye health promotion programmes, the Western Cape Province also does not have eye health promotion programmes and relies mostly on private sector for eye care services. The lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy and most probably the lack of a dedicated directorate that deals with eye health promotion issues may be a contributing factor to the overwhelming lack of integrated eye health promotion activities in South Africa. It is therefore recommended that an integrated eye health promotion model be developed and be part of the South African primary health care system. / Health Studies

This master's thesis describes an issue of preparation and evaluation of investment projects which are co-financed by EU funds. A practical example of the specific investment project is used to demonstrate a usefulness of co-financing by these funds. This investment project is processed as a case study which includes both financial and economic evaluation of the project. This evaluation also includes assessment of effectiveness and efficiency of this investment project.

This master thesis aims to unveil and examine the interplay between different actors in the fight against human trafficking. These are: the European Union, the Czech Republic and Belgium. A content (text) analysis of the primary sources gives the answers on how those actors work with the definition of human trafficking and to what extent the two member states implemented the EU Directive 2011/36/EU and other documents. In addition to conducting the content (text) analysis, creating a literature review and researching on different discourses linked to this phenomenon, this thesis include two semi-structured interviews with the representatives of the Czech Republic and Belgium. Those offer deeper insight into how those states form this fight in practice. They unveiled different aspects in their own approaches but also aspects that make their approach unique. This thesis examines also how the new strategy - the most important document framing the fight against human trafficking and the country's priorities - is adopted and what generally will those strategies include from the year 2020.

(in English) The thesis "Information Policy of European Union in Bangemann's activities period in comparison with USA" is devoted to the Information policy issue applied by the European Union and the United States of America. The thesis structure is defined at the earliest; afterwards the basic terms are followed. The thesis describes the European Union history, which provides context needed to be able to understand the European Union Information policy. The description and evaluation of the European Information policy in Bangemann's activities period in comparison with USA in the same time period and the possibility of mutual utilization of pros of the Information policy of both countries is the aim of this thesis. The following part is occupied with the comparison of EU and USA Information policy at the beginning of 21st century.

The implementation of educational reform in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) imposes a change agent role on secondary school department heads however the assistance-intensive process is inhibited by the current educational structure. As the concept of teacher empowerment becomes accepted, some department heads have the ability to develop a professional learning community while others are unable to do so. The present study considers the present and ideal role of the department head as a change agent facilitating the implementation of educational reform in the UAE. A sequential mixed method mode of inquiry with two phases was employed. In phase one, department heads were profiled from a self, superior and subordinate perspective and a conceptual framework related to patterns of effective change agent behaviour was developed. Findings show that effective change agent characteristics of department heads included priorities related to change implementation and teacher support, a collaborative leadership style, seven strategies related to a participatory, supportive and facilitative approach and ten skills that motivate, energise and encourage teachers. The identification of two ineffective department heads by teacher informants in phase one provided an opportunity to study the work of effective and ineffective department heads as cases in-depth. Case study findings confirm the conceptual framework because effective heads were rated high for all characteristics identified, while ineffective heads were rated low. All department heads accepted the change agent role unofficially with no additional time release, but effective heads took ownership of the process and empowered teachers while ineffective heads provided assistance on request. Effective heads used interpersonal skills and asserted themselves as technical experts while ineffective heads were passive and were considered to be traditional teachers. Strategies and skills employed by effective heads included resource linking, collaborative problem solving, facilitation, support and administration/organisation while ineffective department heads used resolution giving and providing technical assistance. Time constraints, restrictive school schedules and role ambiguity were identified as major impediments to the change agent role of department heads in his study. Nevertheless, the new curriculum is being implemented in all of the departments studied verifying that the department head is an untapped resource in the change process. / Educational Studies / D.Ed (Education Management)

The opening chapters of the diploma thesis describe European Union strategic plans and measures aiming to create suitable conditions for adult lifelong learning. The goal of this diploma thesis is to give an overview of how secondary schools participate on these strategic plans. The topic of the adult lifelong learning at secondary schools is approached mainly in connection with the Act 179/2006 Coll. describing validation and recognition of further learning results. The diploma thesis than describes in detail subsidies available for schools to support the so called mobilities. In the research part the dissertation attempts to determine correlation between the size or type of a school and its succes rate in retraining programmes or its engagement in mobilities. The selected research sample consists of secondary schools from the Moravian-Silesian region. The selection of the topic was influenced by the objectives defined in the strategic document "ET 2020" (Education and Training 2020). The first defined goal of this document is "to implement lifelong learning and mobility into learning". KEYWORDS: Youth in action Agency, NAEP Agency, ET 2020, school mobilities, national qualification system, Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme, school networks, UNIV project, validation and...

The implementation of educational reform in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) imposes a change agent role on secondary school department heads however the assistance-intensive process is inhibited by the current educational structure. As the concept of teacher empowerment becomes accepted, some department heads have the ability to develop a professional learning community while others are unable to do so. The present study considers the present and ideal role of the department head as a change agent facilitating the implementation of educational reform in the UAE. A sequential mixed method mode of inquiry with two phases was employed. In phase one, department heads were profiled from a self, superior and subordinate perspective and a conceptual framework related to patterns of effective change agent behaviour was developed. Findings show that effective change agent characteristics of department heads included priorities related to change implementation and teacher support, a collaborative leadership style, seven strategies related to a participatory, supportive and facilitative approach and ten skills that motivate, energise and encourage teachers. The identification of two ineffective department heads by teacher informants in phase one provided an opportunity to study the work of effective and ineffective department heads as cases in-depth. Case study findings confirm the conceptual framework because effective heads were rated high for all characteristics identified, while ineffective heads were rated low. All department heads accepted the change agent role unofficially with no additional time release, but effective heads took ownership of the process and empowered teachers while ineffective heads provided assistance on request. Effective heads used interpersonal skills and asserted themselves as technical experts while ineffective heads were passive and were considered to be traditional teachers. Strategies and skills employed by effective heads included resource linking, collaborative problem solving, facilitation, support and administration/organisation while ineffective department heads used resolution giving and providing technical assistance. Time constraints, restrictive school schedules and role ambiguity were identified as major impediments to the change agent role of department heads in his study. Nevertheless, the new curriculum is being implemented in all of the departments studied verifying that the department head is an untapped resource in the change process. / Educational Studies / D.Ed (Education Management)

Eye health promotion is an important aspect of VISION 2020 campaign that aims to eliminate unwarranted cases of avoidable blindness worldwide by the year 2020. Most developing countries, including South Africa, have a serious burden of eye diseases and unwarranted causes of visual impairment and blindness. The purpose of this research therefore was to highlight the lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy in the South African primary health care system which can play a major role in the elimination of this burden of disease and also to make proposals for eye health promotion policy development in South Africa. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used in this study. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with all national and provincial health managers of portfolios relevant to eye care. Also, various health policy documents were requested from the National and Provincial Department of Health to ascertain claims of any existing guidelines on eye care. The policy documents and guidelines obtained had no specific reference to eye health promotion. Only 11 (23%) of the managers of provincial health directorates reported that they have integrated vision screening in their health promotion programmes as part of eye health promotion strategies. Eye care managers in the provinces reported that school visits accounted for 75% of eye health promotion programmes target areas. Also, apart from the Northern Cape Province which has no eye care manager and consequently no eye health promotion programmes, the Western Cape Province also does not have eye health promotion programmes and relies mostly on private sector for eye care services. The lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy and most probably the lack of a dedicated directorate that deals with eye health promotion issues may be a contributing factor to the overwhelming lack of integrated eye health promotion activities in South Africa. It is therefore recommended that an integrated eye health promotion model be developed and be part of the South African primary health care system. / Health Studies / D. Litt et Phil. (Health Studies)