Using the conceptual framework for the study of pilgrimage established by Eade and Sallnow centred on the breaking down of pilgrimage into three conceptual ideas (Person, Place and Text), this thesis focuses on the close analysis of a single pilgrimage account from the early thirteenth century. The account in question was written by a certain Thietmar, who travelled to the Holy Land in 1217, and is well known for its frequent references to interactions with the indigenous Christian and non-Christian inhabitants of the Holy Land as well as being the first pilgrim to describe Saint Katherine’s tomb on Mount Sinai. The thesis breaks the text of Thietmar’s pilgrimage into the three component parts of Person, Place and Text. It aims to resolve the various issues relating to the text’s manuscript transmission. It also aims to bring to light more information concerning the identity of Thietmar, his audience and how he experienced the sites of the Holy Land. Most importantly it highlights the ways in which the three aspects of the conceptual framework interacted in the context presented by Thietmar’s account. It demonstrates how a pilgrim’s experience of the Holy Land was fashioned from competing expectations derived from the pilgrim’s own cultural background and the traditions of those who the pilgrim encountered on their journeys. It also shows the current tendency to view pilgrimage as a, in many ways, historically static devotional act are misleading and that pilgrimage was a diverse and ever changing entity particularly in the thirteenth century.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6976_1.pdf: 731311 bytes, checksum: 34779da81247850e7b49789cd490b451 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Codificação de vídeo abaixo de 64 kbps é essencial para serviços e aplicações envolvendo videofone e sistemas multimídia. O aumento de interesse e demanda por telefonia móvel, TV interativa e serviços de multimídia tem motivado pesquisas em codificação de vídeo no mundo. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma técnica de cancelamento de erro e recuperação de sincronismo no decodificador H.263 com a finalidade de melhorar o desempenho da decodificação de vídeo a baixas taxas de transmissão

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Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading cancer worldwide. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for more than 90% of incident cases. Despite intense, multimodality treatment regimens for HNSCC including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, little progress has been made over the past 30 years in improving overall survival rates. Tumor cell death induced by both conventional and targeted chemotherapy is often mediated by the BCL-2 family-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, initiators of this apoptotic pathway, such as p53, are more than 50% of the time mutated or deleted in HNSCC rendering the disease refractory to treatment. To counter such resistance, direct therapeutic targeting of the BCL-2 family is conceptually appealing. For this purpose, we use three clinically-available drugs: cisplatin, fenretinide, and ABT-263 (navitoclax). Both cisplatin and fenretinide are known to induce a BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein, Noxa, which binds to and inactivates multi-domain anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 and release from its interaction with multi-domain pro-apoptotic protein BAK, followed by the phosphorylation via CDK2 for the proteasome-mediated degradation. Activated BAK can now go through conformational change for the oligomerization at the outer membrane of the mitochondria to release cytochrome c into the cytosol and induce caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. ABT-263 directly binds to multi-domain anti-apoptotic proteins, such as BCL-2 and BCL-XL, to inhibit their activity and leads to the activation of multi-domain pro-apoptotic protein BAX to induce apoptosis. We hypothesize that combining the Noxa-inducing drugs (cisplatin or fenretinide) along with ABT-263 can efficiently induce BAX and BAK activation and significantly increase cell death in HNSCC cells by simultaneously inhibiting the activity of MCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-XL. Combination-induced treatments in four cell lines (HN8, HN30, HN31, and UMSCC1) tested led to significant increase in apoptotic cell death. Cisplatin and ABT-263 combined treatment is inducing the expression of Noxa and leading to increase in apoptosis in HN30, HN31, UMSCC1, but not HN8. Similarly, fenretinide and ABT-263 combined treatment is inducing the expression of Noxa in all four cell lines tested and is largely relying on expression of Noxa.

Head and neck cancer accounts for approximately 3 percent of all cancers in the United States, and over 90% of them are head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Chemotherapeutic drugs that treat HNSCC can activate BCL-2 family dependent apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic NOXA induced by adenovirus (Ad-NOXA) or fenretinide inactivates anti-apoptotic MCL-1, while ABT-263 can inactivate other anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members such as BCL-2 and BCL-XL. We used p53 inactive HN8 and HN12, p53 wild-type UMSCC1, and HPV-positive UMSCC47 human HNSCC cell lines and five mouse HNSCC cell lines. Cells were treated with Ad-NOXA, ABT-263, and fenretinide alone or in combinations. Combinational treatment of ABT-263 with Ad-NOXA or fenretinide enhanced cell death among all cell lines we tested regardless of p53 status. These findings support the hypothesis that combinational treatment of Ad-NOXA or fenretinide with ABT-263 increases cell death by simultaneously inhibiting all anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in HNSCC cells.

Wireless video systems have applications in cellular videophones, surveillance systems, and mobile patrols. The design of a wireless video system must consider two important constraints: low bit rate and low power dissipation. The ITU-T H.263 video codec standard is suitable for low bit rate wireless video systems, however it is computationally intensive. Some of the most computationally intensive operations in H.263 are the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT), which perform spatial compression and decompression of the data. In an ASIC implementation of H.263, the high computational complexity of the DCT and IDCT leads to high power dissipation of the blocks. Low power design of the DCT and IDCT is essential in a portable wireless video system. This paper examines low power design techniques for DCT and IDCT circuits applicable for low bit rate wireless video systems. Five low power techniques are applied to baseline reference DCT and IDCT circuits. The techniques include skipping low energy DCT input, skipping all-zero IDCT input, low precision constant multipliers, clock gating, and a low transition data path. Gate-level simulations characterize the effectiveness of each technique. The combination of all techniques reduces average power dissipation by 95% over the baseline reference DCT and IDCT blocks. / Master of Science

葉植興. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 142-146. / Ye Zhixing. / Chapter 第一章： --- 導言 --- p.1-4 / Chapter 第二章： --- 從阮籍的仕宦生涯以看其玫治立 場、思想行爲與人格 --- p.5 -19 / Chapter 第三章： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的創作背景及思想内容 --- p.20 -36 / Chapter 第一節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的創作背景 --- p.20-21 / Chapter 第二節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的思想内容 --- p.21-36 / Chapter 第四章： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的藝術特徵 --- p.37 -114 / Chapter 第一節： --- 從〈詠懷詩〉的淵源以觀其 藝術特徵 --- p.37-40 / Chapter 第二節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中比興的探索 --- p.41-54 / Chapter ˘ثł： --- "解詩的""比興´ح與藝術創 作的""比興´ح" / Chapter 乙： --- "從解詩的""比興""來看 〈詠懷詩〉的比興" / Chapter 丙： --- "從藝術創作的""比興""來 看〈詠懷詩〉的比興" / Chapter 第三節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的主要意象分析 --- p.55-79 / Chapter ˘ثł： --- 比興與意象的關係 / Chapter [一]： --- 赋比興與托物寓意的關係 / Chapter [二]： --- 阮籍〈詠懷詩〉中的比興與 意象的關係 / Chapter 乙： --- "〈詠懷詩〉中""鳥""的意象分析" / Chapter 丙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中草木的意象分析 / Chapter 丁 --- ：〈詠懷詩〉中意象運用的方法 / Chapter 第四節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中用事的探索 --- p.80-97 / Chapter 甲： --- "“用事""的界定" / Chapter 乙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉用事的旨義、方法 / Chapter 丙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉用事的特色 / Chapter 第五節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉用語上歧義性的 探索 --- p.98-106 / Chapter 甲： --- 引言 / Chapter 乙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中歧義用語的 分析和使用方法 / Chapter 第六節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的篇章組織初探 --- p.107-112 / Chapter 甲： --- 篇章之間的互補關係 / Chapter 乙： --- 逐層深入及集中焦點的 詩篇組織 / Chapter 第七節： --- 結論 --- p.113-114 / Chapter 第五章： --- 〈詠懷詩〉在五言古詩中的藝術成就和 地位 --- p.115 -141 / Chapter 第一節： --- 從阮籍以前的五言古詩發展 看〈詠懷詩〉的藝術成就和地 位 --- p.115-125 / Chapter 第二節： --- 前人對〈詠懷詩〉藝術成就的評 價 --- p.125-128 / Chapter 第三節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉在五言古詩中的影 響 --- p.128-141 / 附錄：參考書目 --- p.142-146