In 2005, a new, wrought, nickel-base superalloy Haynes 282 was developed. Characteristic of superalloys, Haynes 282 was produced to be used for components, specifically aero and land-based gas turbine engines, which are subjected to high temperatures. The manufacture and/or repair of aero and land-based gas turbine engines require the use of joining processes, an example being welding. However, it was observed that laser beam welding (LBW) of the new superalloy resulted in cracking in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the alloy. Accordingly, an aspect of this research involves the development of a procedure for preventing or minimizing cracking of the alloy. This is achieved through microstructural modification of the alloy prior to welding through the use of appropriate heat treatment. However, at the core of this research is the main objective of methodically studying the effect of LBW on the high temperature fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour of Haynes 282, and how to mitigate any negative effects. Findings from this research show that LBW causes a deleterious effect on the FCG behaviour by increasing the FCG rate. Thus, although this research resulted in a procedure that minimizes cracking during welding of the new alloy, the minimized level of cracking is not tolerable under dynamic loading. Therefore, a procedure to make the minimized level of cracking tolerable during dynamic service is developed. This is achieved by developing two post weld heat treatments, including a new thermal treatment schedule developed in this work, which significantly improved the FCG resistance of the new alloy after LBW. Additionally, Low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests results indicate strong fatigue deformation resistance of Haynes 282. On the other hand, FCG tests results show that, in contrast to common assumption, the loading frequency was observed to have an effect on the FCG behaviour at room temperature. Prior to this research, there was limited publication on the fatigue behaviour of Haynes 282. Hence, the study of the cyclic deformation characteristics and growth behaviour of fatigue crack in Haynes 282 in this research provides valuable information that helps establish design criteria to safeguard against component failure by fatigue.

No description available.

In 1940 the French Catholic Church was quick to blame military defeat on the laicism of the Third Republic. However, the Church was confident that it could rectify the errors of the past. The new authoritarian regime at Vichy offered the possibility of overturning the past sixty years of secularism and of rebuilding France along Christian lines. This thesis examines how the Church attempted to win France back to the faith through the vehicle of education. It shows how it hoped to strengthen the position of its own educational system and how it tried to re-assert its influence over children in the State school. The study is divided into four parts. The first looks at the role education played in Church/State relations and puts into context events treated in more detail later. The second part examines the curriculum of confessional schools and the ways by which the Church attempted to influence the lessons of the State school. Part three looks at teachers and pays particular attention to the teaching orders. Although they recovered much of their former legal status under Vichy, they never became fully-fledged supporters of the regime. In addition, the thesis looks at how the Church tried to break the traditional secularism of the State 'instituteurs'. Part four investigates the funding of Catholic education. It examines the measures that Vichy took to alleviate the material plight of Catholic schools and illustrates how State subsidies contributed to the growth of Catholic education. Analysis of Vichy's educational policy reveals that the regime was less clerical than has previously been recognised. This study alsoconcludes that the Church was not an unqualified supporter of the regime and that Catholics began to have their doubts about Vichy far earlier than has sometimes been suggested.

From the mid-seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century, the English Catholic community showed its robustness, resilience and complexity through its own periodical press. The subject, however, has been relatively neglected, specialist research amounts only to a bare handful of studies, and a full and definitive study which exploits the wealth of available materials has not yet been written. This thesis is therefore intended to present what has long been overdue, the first full chronological account of the foundation and development of the English Catholic periodical press from the Mercurius Catholicus to the Dublin Review. The work also serves specifically as a balance to Susan J. Acheson who argued in 1981, in her Oxford M.Litt. thesis on Victorian Catholic journalism, that the Emancipation Act of 1829 was the single most important influence on the Catholic periodical press in England. Against Acheson, my study shows that the Catholic periodical press did not owe its life to one major event early in the nineteenth century, but was rather the result of the religio-political activity which accompanied a long and difficult struggle for relief measures begun nearly two hundred years before. In describing the attempts by Catholics, often in difficult conditions and hostile circumstances, to develop a regular literary means of representing , and defending themselves, my thesis does not avoid the fact that the periodicals were often sustained and made exciting by internecine quarrels and struggles. Indeed, it concentrates on the tension between two groups of Catholics, about whether to stress division from or similarity with a Protestant state and society, which marked the early history of the English Catholic periodical press, and concludes that the final victory belonged to the party which emphasised distinctiveness over eirenicism.

As the Catholic Church continues to expand in Uganda, this thesis offers an ethnographic study of engagement with Catholicism among the laity in a relatively new, rural parish in the Teso Region of eastern Uganda. Founded in the late 1990s, the creation of a new parish in the Sub-County of Buluya has brought people into closer proximity to the Catholic Church, its priests, and its doctrines, throwing into sharp relief some of the tensions between Catholic and local moral and spiritual frameworks. Based on 17 months of ethnographic and archival fieldwork, I examine the way in which people negotiate the challenges posed by this change, as they seek to balance the need to use the tools Catholicism offers for getting on in post-colonial Uganda with desires to protect older ways of seeing the world and acting in it. My central argument is that people respond to the Church’s attempts to embed itself as an all-encompassing presence and influence in the lives of its members, by engaging in processes of limiting this presence and influence. By remoulding and realigning some of its central concepts, by resisting wholeheartedly committing to its claims to spiritual knowledge and healing potential, and by isolating its moral and behavioural directives from certain aspects of their lives, the laity in Buluya rein in the Catholic Church’s attempts to permeate and dominate all aspects of their lives. I suggest that these limits go hand in hand with the pervasive religious uncertainty that underpins people’s engagement with the Church, arguing that these limiting practices serve to maintain their religious uncertainty as doors are left open to alternative ways of engaging with their social and spiritual surroundings. In turn, the productive potential of this religious uncertainty encourages these limits to be enacted and maintained. Limiting Catholicism, in essence, enables people in Buluya to commit to it.

This thesis examines the Scottish Presbyterian Churches anti-Irish campaign in the inter-war period with particular emphasis on the governmental response. It can, and has been, argued that the Church campaign was driven more by sectarian sentiment than by any other motive, however, the Church made a determined attempt to make their case on racial grounds. Discredited as those theories now are this thesis will carefully examine intellectual basis of the Church’s case. It has not thus far been considered how much the Church’s arguments were influenced by academic opinion in the United States and by the American experience of immigration restriction. It has also been argued that politically the campaign was a failure as no measures to restrict Irish immigration were ever imposed. Equally, it has been held that politicians of all parties were either hostile or indifferent to the Church campaign. It will be demonstrated here that this was far from the case and that the Church had its supporters on all sides of the political divide and that at various times the issue was seriously considered by Governments whether Unionist, Labour or National and that arguments for restriction did not emanate solely from the Scottish Churches or indeed solely from Scotland.

Amiel Feinstein. / "June 1, 1954." "This report is identical with a thesis submitted to the Department of Physics, M.I.T., ... for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." / Bibliography: p. 27-28. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039 sc-100 Project 8-102-B-0 Dept. of the Army Project 3-99-10-022

The bishops of the 11th-14th centuries were key figures both within the church hierarchy and within state organisation across Europe. In addition to being the primary religious authorities within their dioceses they were also local or national potentates in their own right, judges, feudal lords, warriors and advisers to kings and other rulers. And yet their nature and extent of their local power is often elusive. Moreover the nature of their power changed over time making their role and their authority extremely fluid. One can hardly study the history of the medieval church without understanding how their control was exercised in the diocese, and in the city. This thesis will assess the differences, the shift and the changes in the power of the bishop in the city and the diocese of Lincoln and Cremona from mid 11th century to mid 14th century. Understanding how their power and their role changed in time is important to understand the role of the church and medieval society as a whole. Lincoln, with the biggest medieval diocese in England and with its unique series of bishops such as Hugh of Wells, Hugh of Avalon, Robert Grosseteste and Oliver Sutton, represents a substantial example to study in order to understand why and how the power of the bishop changed. On the other hand Cremona, with its unique political role during the central medieval centuries and with bishops of the calibre of Oberto and Sicardo, epitomizes the struggle for power and authority the bishops had to face in a communal Italian city. The comparison between the bishop’s powers offers us similarities and the differences between the roles and functions of the prelates in the two cities, as indicated by the available evidence and by the questions asked by historians. This study allows me to suggest a broader and more satisfying picture. The thesis uses a series of sources ranging from the bishops’ records, registers, and Episcopal Acta, manuscript and parchment sources, the Latin chronicles of the period, as well as architectural evidence.

Jacques de Vitry (†1240), a noted preacher in Brabant and Languedoc, served as canon regular of Saint-Nicholas d’Oignies (1211-16), bishop of Acre (1216-29) and auxiliary bishop of Liège (1226-29), and ultimately as cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (1229-1240). Whilst his letters, sermons, and the Historia Occidentalis have been extensively studied, the Historia Orientalis, Jacques’s encyclopedic work on the Holy Land, has so far escaped any such interest. Considered as yet another crusading history or pilgrimage guide drawing on previous writings, the few editions and brief studies of this work published since the nineteenth century are based neither on a detailed textual analysis nor on a complete investigation of the manuscript tradition. This thesis, therefore, addresses an important gap in the historiographical debate by providing a detailed analysis of the contents of the Historia Orientalis and its sources, in combination with an examination of the manuscript tradition up to the early fourteenth century. In it, I argue that the work is composed of different genres, each addressing a topic that served Jacques’s agenda and his activities as theologian, preacher, historian, pilgrim, and crusader. Moreover, by examining the rich manuscript tradition, I establish the book’s legacy and show that Jacques’s contemporaries perceived the text as an eclectic work. Jacques’s combination of different popular genres contributed to the influence of the text which is preserved in no fewer than 126 extant manuscripts. The thesis falls into three sections. In the first, I introduce my investigation and provide a long overdue revised biographical note and contextualisation of Jacques’s writings. In the four chapters of the second section, I analyse the text to see how Jacques combined the editing of existing source material with his personal knowledge into a work that served the reform and crusade agenda of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215. The four chapters discuss the medieval genres that can be found in Jacques’s work: a history of the crusades, an account on Islam, a description of the Holy Land, and an ethnographical treatise. In the third section, using codicological research to discuss the text’s compilation, influence, readership, and legacy in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, I argue that each genre found within the Historia was intended for and read by a different audience, thus explaining the wide appeal of the work as a whole. The sixth chapter focuses on the early manuscript tradition and dissemination of the Historia Orientalis while the seventh chapter addresses, on the one hand, the use of these manuscripts and the relationship to other texts in the same codex and, on the other hand, the authors who copied or used Jacques’s text in their own works. By combining a detailed textual analysis with extensive manuscript research, this investigation into the contents, readership and legacy of the Historia Orientalis sheds new light on the mechanisms behind the dissemination and influence of religious propaganda, as well as highlights Jacques’s seminal contribution to Church reform and the approach to crusading in the thirteenth century in accordance with the agenda set by the Fourth Lateran Council.

Printing had a huge impact on the development of religion and politics in sixteenth-century Europe. Harnessing the printing press is generally regarded as a key factor in the success of the Reformation. The positive role played by printing in Catholic cultural policy, by contrast, has not been sufficiently recognized. While scholars have focused on ecclesiastical censorship, the employment of print by Catholic authorities – especially the Roman curia – has been addressed only sporadically and superficially. The aim of my dissertation is to fill this gap, providing a detailed picture of the papacy’s efforts to exploit the resources of the Roman printing industry after the Sack in 1527 and before the establishment of the Vatican Typography in 1587. After a brief introduction (Chapter 1), I provide an exhaustive account of the papacy’s attempts, over sixty years, to set up a Roman papal press (Chapter 2). I then focus on two main Catholic printing enterprises. Part I is devoted to the editorial activity of Cardinal Marcello Cervini, later Pope Marcellus II. I discuss the extant sources and earlier scholarship on Cervini (Chapter 3), his cultural profile (Chapter 4) and the Greek and Latin presses which he established in the early 1540s (Chapters 5 - 6). Part II concentrates on the projects for a papal press involving the Venetian printer Paolo Manuzio. After an overview of the sources and previous studies (Chapter 7), I analyse Manuzio’s attempts to move to Rome, the establishment of a papal press under his management and the committee of cardinals which supervised it (Chapters 8 - 10). Chapter 11 examines the printing of the first edition of the Tridentine decrees, undertaken in 1564. Chapter 12 contains the overall conclusion to the dissertation. Documentary Appendixes A and B list the publications sponsored by Cervini and the books printed by Manuzio’s Roman press.