This thesis project was conducted in connection with the project, Stockholm’s future sewer pipeline, which is a planned sewer pipe that will run through a tunnel from western to southern Stockholm. This tunnel will pass under Lake Mälaren between Eolshäll and Smedslätten, where there are two faults indicated on the geological map, that could affect the tunnelling and create risks during the construction. Geophysical- and water-loss measurements along with core drilling have been carried out in the area. The objectives of this thesis are to create a structural and engineering geological understanding of the passage beneath Lake Mälaren based on drill core mapping, field work, data from previous investi-gations and 2D-models of the tunnel excavation both within and outside the indicated fault zone. The core mapping supports the existence of one fault zone, which is indicated on the geological map supported by water-losses at several places along the drill core as well as core losses. Field work indi-cated the existence of a conjugate fracture sets.The 2D-models present plastic behaviour of the rock in the fault zone as the worst case scenario during excavation with the highest deformation displacement. The excavation procedure and the tunnel form also play a significant role. Since this thesis highlights some significant risks and problems that can occur during tunnelling, its findings may be useful during the tunnel construction. / Denna uppsats är skriven med koppling till projektet, Stockholms framtida avloppsledning, vilket inkluderar en ny tunnel för transport av avloppsvatten från västra till södra Stockholm. Tunneln kommer att passera under Mälaren mellan Smedslätten och Eolshäll, där det är två förkastningar indikerade på geologiska kartor som kan orsaka stora risker för byggnationen av tunneln. Geofysiska mätningar, kärnborrning och vattenförlustmätning har tidigare utförts i området. Målen för denna uppsats är att skapa en geologisk- och bergmekanisk förståelse för tunnelpassagen under Mälaren utifrån kärnkartering, fältarbete, data från tidigare undersökningar och 2D-modeller av tunneluttag i den indikerade zonen och utanför. Kärnkarteringen stödjer existensen av en förkastningszon som finns på den geologiska kartan. Flertalet vattenförluster är indikerade längs med hela kärnan tillsammans med en del förekomster av kärnförluster. Fältarbetet indikerar på förekomst av ett konjugerande sprickset. 2D-modeller över tunneln visade att olika egenskaper på berget samt hur uttaget av tunneln sker har betydelse för deformationernas storlek. Den här uppsatsen belyser några viktiga problem och risker som kan uppstå under tunnelbyggnationen, dessa upptäckter kan därför vara användbara och värdefulla under hela byggnationen.

L'analyse de façades (détection, compréhension et reconstruction) à partir d'images acquises depuis la rue est aujourd'hui un thème de recherche très actif en photogrammétrie et en vision par ordinateur de part ses nombreuses applications industrielles. Cette thèse montre des avancées réalisées dans le domaine de la segmentation générique de grands volumes de ce type d'images, contenant une ou plusieurs zones de façades (entières ou tronquées).Ce type de données se caractérise par une complexité architecturale très riche ainsi que par des problèmes liés à l'éclairage et au point de vue d'acquisition. La généricité des traitements est un enjeu important. La contrainte principale est de n'introduire que le minimum d'a priori possible. Nous basons nos approches sur les propriétés d'alignements et de répétitivité des structures principales de la façade. Nous proposons un partitionnement hiérarchique des contours de l'image ainsi qu'une détection de grilles de structures répétitives par processus ponctuels marqués. Sur les résultats, la façade est séparée de ses voisines et de son environnement (rue, ciel). D'autre part, certains éléments comme les fenêtres, les balcons ou le fond de mur, sans être reconnus, sont extraits de manière cohérente. Le paramétrage s'effectue en une seule passe et s'applique à tous les styles d'architecture rencontrés. La problématique se situe en amont de nombreuses thématiques comme la séparation de façades, l'accroissement du niveau de détail de modèles urbains 3D générés à partir de photos aériennes ou satellitaires, la compression ou encore l'indexation à partir de primitives géométriques (regroupement de structures et espacements entre elles / Facade analysis (detection, understanding and field of reconstruction) in street level imagery is currently a very active field of research in photogrammetric computer vision due to its many applications. This thesis shows some progress made in the field of generic segmentation of a broad range of images that contain one or more facade areas (as a whole or in part).This kind of data is carecterized by a very rich and varied architectural complexity and by problems in lighting conditions and in the choice of a camera's point of view. Workflow genericity is an important issue. One significant constraint is to be as little biased as possible. The approches presented extract the main facade structures based on geometric properties such as alignment and repetitivity. We propose a hierarchic partition of the image contour edges and a detection of repetitive grid patterns based on marked point processes. The facade is set appart from its neighbooring façades and from its environment (the ground, the sky). Some elements such as windows, balconies or wall backgrounds, are extracted in a relevant way, without being recognized. The parameters regulation is done in one step and refers to all architectural styles encountered. The problem originates from most themes such as facade separation, the increase of level of details in 3D city models generated from aerial or satellite imagery, compression or indexation based on geometric primitives (structure grouping and space between them)

Master´s thesis is divided into two parts. In first part is author focusing on designing load-bearing structures that are made of reinforced concrete (floor slab, external wall, stairway). The assessments of those structures were made according to valid standard of ČSN EN 1992-1-1 and structural part of design documentation to those constructions were processed. In second, theoretical, part are different models of reinforced concrete slab in 3D (as part of whole construction) and in 2D created. The main task was to compare influence of different support´s stiffness in models on internal forces (bending moments) and on deflection of slab.