La photothérapie dynamique (PDT) est un nouveau traitement n’induisant potentiellement pas de mutation et utilisable pour lutter contre le rétinoblastome. Les dérivés de porphyrine utilisés comme Ps dans la Thérapie PhotoDynamique (PDT) sont largement étudiés depuis la naissance du premier Ps de synthèse (l’HpD). Une limitation importante de la PDT provient de la faible profondeur (confinée près de la surface) de pénétration de la lumière (λ <700 nm) employée pour l'excitation du Ps. Afin de fournir une énergie d’activation suffisante pour produire l’oxygène singulet dans la fenêtre thérapeutique entre 700-1300, le processus d'absorption à deux photons a été proposé. Les Ps excitables par l’absorption simultanée de deux photons conduisent au concept de PDT à deux photons (PDT-ADP). Ce processus ayant une faible probabilité, son application demande le développement de nouveaux Ps avec une section efficace importante. Une autre limitation de la PDT est la faible sélectivité et spécificité des Ps actuels pour les cellules tumorales. Un ciblage actif de récepteurs membranaires spécifiques des cellules tumorales représente une solution possible. Il a été rapporté que des récepteurs de type lectine reconnaissant certains sucres sont surexprimés par des cellules malignes. Nous présenterons la synthèse et les résultats photocytotoxiques de dimères dissymétriques de porphyrine P-Y-P', inspirée d'études précédentes du laboratoire, privilégiant l’introduction de trois chaînes para-phénoxy-diéthylène glycol mannose sur trois des positions méso de porphyrines optimisés pour l’absorption à deux photons et vectorisés vers des lectines membranaires.Pour contourner le problème de solubilité des porphyrines dimères en milieu aqueux et améliorer l’internalisation de Ps dans les cellules tumorales, nous avons analysé le comportement interfacial des porphyrines dimères à l'interface air-tampon, étudié leur incorporation dans les liposomes à l’aide de la technique de la fluorescence, et évalué l’interaction entre porphyrin dimères et la Concanavaline A (une lectine extraite de Canavalia ensiformis qui reconnaît de manière spécifique l'alpha-D-mannose). / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new potential treatment against retinoblastoma, which doesn’t induce mutations. The porphyrin derivatives used as Ps in PDT are widely studied since the birth of the first synthesis Ps (HpD). An important limitation of PDT comes from low penetration of light (λ<700 nm) used for excitation of the Ps. In order to provide enough energy to enable production of singlet oxygen in the phototherapeutic window between 700-1300, the absorption of two relatively low-energy photons simultaneously has been proposed. Ps excited by simultaneous absorption of two photons leads to the concept of two-photon PDT (TPE-PDT). This process has very low probability; its application in the PDT needs develop new Ps with intensive cross section. Another limitation is the low selectivity and specificity of current Ps for tumor cells. Active targeting to appropriate receptors expressed at the tumor cells give a possible solution. It has been reported that the lectin-like receptors recognizing certain sugars are overexpressed in malignant cells. We will present the synthesis and in vitro photocytotoxical results of asymmetric porphyrin dimers P-Y-P', inspired by previous studies of our laboratory, introducing three para-phenoxy-diethylene glycol mannose chains at the meso positions of porphyrin core which optimized for two-photon absorption and targeted to membrane lectins. To circumvent the solubility problem of porphyrin dimers in aqueous medium and improve internalization of Ps into tumor cells, we analyzed the interfacial behavior of the porphyrin dimers in the air-buffer interface, studied the incorporation of porphyrin dimers in liposomes using the technique of fluorescence, and evaluated the interaction between porphyrin dimers and Concanavalin A (Canavalia ensiformis lectin derived from that specifically recognizes the alpha-D-mannose).

Time Dependent Density Functional Theory offers a good accuracy/computational cost ratio among different methods used to predict the electronic structure for molecules of practical interest. The Coupled Electronic Oscillator (CEO) formalism was recently shown to accurately predict Nonlinear Optical (NLO) properties of organic chromophores when combined with Time Dependent Density Functional Theory. Unfortunately, CEO does not lend itself easily to interpretation of the structure activity relationships of chromophores. On the other hand, the Sum Over States formalism in combination with semiempirical wavefunction methods has been used in the past for the design of simplified essential states models. These models can be applied to optimization of NLO properties of interest for applications. Unfortunately, TD-DFT can not be combined directly with SOS because state-to-state transition dipoles are not defined in the linear response TD approach. In this work, a second order CEO approach to TD-DFT is simplified so that properties of double excited states and state-to-state transition dipoles may be expressed through the combination of linear response properties. This approach is termed the a posteriori Tamm-Dancoff approximation (ATDA), and validated against high-level wavefunction theory methods. Sum over States (SOS) and related Two-Photon Transition Matrix formalism are then used to predict Two-Photon Absorption (2PA) profiles and anisotropy, as well as Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) properties. Numerical results for several conjugated molecules are in excellent agreement with CEO and finite field calculations, and reproduce experimental measurements well.

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