The organizational culture understood as the set of beliefs and values shared by the individuals of an organization, it can modulate and guide, in different degree the behavior of the people who are employed at an organization and also of those who are joining establishing processes of identity and exclusion. The importance of the organizational culture like key factor for the efficiency of the organization, like comparative advantage and also like process of change is demonstrated. The organization can through performances and policies generate behaviors that support the existence of values within the organization. The equality of opportunities between women and men constitutes a value that must join the organizations, understanding the equality of opportunities of kind as the absence of obstacles or barriers that make difficult to the women the participation in the economic area, cultural and social politician in equality of conditions that the masculine group. The equality of sort opportunities reports to the organizations a series of advantages and benefits that have their base in the satisfaction of the personnel, the labor climate, the commitment with the organization, the enrichment and the corporative image. The perception of an unjust treatment or discriminatory has organizational and personal, such consequences as the decrease of the productivity, the increase of the labor absenteeism and the increase of complaints and legal actions. The nonexistence of information and investigations on the perception of equality of opportunities of kind and his possible relation with the organizational culture, has motivated the exposition of this thesis. The general aim of the thesis consists of determining if relation exists between the organizational culture and the equality of opportunities of kind. To obtain this general aim it has considered to identify the areas or dimensions more relevant that they affect the perception of equality of opportunities of kind. To identify if there exists a typology of organizational culture that favors or impedes the perception of equality of opportunities of kind and to analyze the relation between the dimensions of equality of kind and the type of organizational culture. To reach the proposed aims has followed a concrete methodology characterized by 3 phases of investigation: the first one where it is designed and validated a Scale of measurement of the perception of equality of opportunities of kind (EIOG), the second phase, there raises a model of structural equations who relates the different typologies of organizational culture and the perception of discrimination of kind and the third phase that relates the different typologies of organizational culture and the scale of perception (EIOG). For the elaboration of scale EIOG two representative samples have been used, one of 274 people belonging to the university sector and other of 354 people belonging to organizations of the industrial sector and with more than 50 workers / hard-working that have allowed the validation of the scale by means of an analysis of validity of content, convergent and discriminante, as well as an analysis of reliability of the scale. The phase 2 and 3 develop across models of structural equations, statistical powerful tool for the study of causal relations.The investigation concludes that relation exists between both variables object of this thesis, relation exists between the organizational culture and the perception of equality of opportunities between women and men. The contribution of this investigation to the business management is that the persons with responsibilities that occupy the management dome, can have more prudent behaviors, identifying more dominant organizational or influential cultures in the perception and behaviors of his employees and employees. The high direction must be conscious of this advantage implementing policies that promote the equity.

The family of 14-3-3 proteins is crucial for various physiological cellular processes such as signaling, cell growth, division, differentiation, and apoptosis. One of the 14-3-3 proteins members, 14-3-3 gamma, is abundantly expressed in brain and had been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with different neurological disorders. Although 14-3-3 gamma played critical physiological or pathological role in brain, it has not been reported on brain tumorigenesis. To test expression of 14-3-3 gamma in brain tumor, 3 brain tumor cell lines and 4 normal brain tissues, 24 astrocytoma, 14 glioblastoma mutiform, 2 oligodenroglioma, 1 ependymoma were analyzed using RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR. The study found that the expressions of 14-3-3 gamma mRNA in all of tumor three cell lines was greater than normal brain tissue, but the 14-3-3 gamma proteins expressed were lower than normal brain tissue. In brain tumor tissues, higher 14-3-3 gamma mRNA expression was detected in 20 of 24 astrocytoma (83%) and higher 14-3-3 gamma protein expression was detected in 9 of 24 astrocytoma (37%). The expression of 14-3-3 gamma mRNA is higher than normal brain tissue in all 14 glioblastoma multiforme (100%), and the 14-3-3 gamma protein was expressed higher in 9 of 14 glioblastoma multiforme than normal brain tissue (64.3%). Besides, the 14-3-3 gamma protein expressed much higher in glioblastoma multiforme than astrocytoma .The copy number of the 14-3-3 gamma gene was higher in astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme than normal brain tissue. Thus, this study evidenced that the 14-3-3 gamma protein may play a crucial role during tumorigenesis of brain tumors.

No description available.

Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2007. / Online publiziert: 2008.

Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2005. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2004. Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2004. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2004. Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Mainz, Universiẗat, Diss., 2005. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2004.

Hannover, Universiẗat, Diss., 1999.

Th.--Sci. phys.--Grenoble 1, 1981. N°: 104.

Les protéines 14-3-3 sont des protéines adaptatrices qui exercent leurs fonctions biologiques en modulant l’activité de centaines d’autres protéines. De part leur impressionnant interactome, les protéines 14-3-3 sont des acteurs qui influencent de nombreux événements cellulaires et, par conséquent, de maladies associées. La stabilisation ou l’inhibition sélective d’interactions protéine-protéine (IPP) de 14-3-3 sont considérées comme des approches prometteuses pour trouver des thérapies innovantes contre des maladies comme la maladie d’Alzheimer, certains cancers ou la maladie de Parkinson.Notre premier but afin de trouver des petites molécules capables de moduler ces cibles a été d’étudier au niveau moléculaire des IPP de 14-3-3. Dans ce but, nous avons utilisé la Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) pour attribuer les déplacements chimiques des atomes du squelette de 14-3-3σ. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’interaction entre 14-3-3 et la protéine Tau phosphorylée. Nous avons découvert que Tau se lie strictement dans la cavité amphipathique de 14-3-3 et peut s’ancrer aux deux monomères du dimère de 14-3-3. Nous avons aussi étudié l’interaction 14-3-3/p53 et avons découvert, en utilisant la RMN, que l’affinité du peptide p53 envers 14-3-3 est liée à des interactions intramoléculaires au niveau du peptide. Nous nous sommes enfin focalisés sur l’optimisation d’expériences RMN visant le criblage et la caractérisation de l’activité des petites molécules qui se lient à 14-3-3 ou à des complexes de 14-3-3 avec des peptides phosphorylés. Nous avons aussi utilisé des peptides phospho-mimétiques pour inhiber l’interaction 14-3-3/Tau. D’autre part, nous avons criblé une bibliothèque de fragments contre 14-3-3σ et trouvé trois hits qui se lient à des régions différentes de la protéine. Des expériences RMN ont ensuite permis de caractériser l’activité de certaines petites molécules actives sur des complexes de 14-3-3 avec, par exemple des peptides de p53 ou p65, et nous avons aussi démontré la capacité de certains de ces composés à stabiliser les complexes. / 14-3-3 proteins are adapter proteins that exert their biological functions by modulating the activity of hundreds of proteins. This remarkable interactome makes 14-3-3 proteins influent actors in many cellular events and, by consequence, in several pathologies. The selective stabilization or inhibition of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are therefore seen as promising approaches for finding innovative therapies for a number of conditions like Alzheimer’s, cancer or Parkinson. Our first objective towards finding small molecule modulators of these targets was to obtain the molecular detail of 14-3-3 PPIs. To this end, using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), we assigned the backbone chemical shifts of 14-3-3σ. We then studied the 14-3-3/phosphorylated Tau interaction and found that Tau binds strictly within the amphipathic binding grove of 14-3-3 and can anchor in both monomers of the 14-3-3 dimer. We also studied the 14-3-3/p53 interaction and showed by NMR, that intramolecular interactions within the peptide define a conformation that drives the affinity towards 14-3-3. 2019We then focused on the optimization of NMR assays for screening and characterization of the effect of small-molecules binding to 14-3-3 or 14-3-3 complexes with target’s phosphopeptides. We used, for example, phospho-mimetic peptides to inhibit the Tau/14-3-3 interaction. In a different strategy, we screened a fragment library against 14-3-3σ and found three hits binding to different regions of the protein. Using our NMR assays we further characterized small molecules binding 14-3-3 complexes with, for example, p53 and p65 peptides and demonstrated the stabilization capacity of some compounds.