In the area of the display of data and images from archaeological sites there is very little uniformity. Universities, museums, and institutions use a variety of techniques and software. Because of the lack of a common framework for storing information gathered from the field a great deal of time is lost converting between disparate file formats and learning new program structures. The goal of this project is to create an open platform to accomplish the specialized tasks of recording and displaying data from the field, specifically dealing with the unique problems associated with sites in an underwater context. The final result should be freely available and adaptable. Many challenges were overcome over the course of this project. Providing security, estimating the user’s level of technical ability, creating a simple but effective interface, creating a three dimensional object viewer, and using only tools freely available for public use were the primary problems. The software chosen to author the platform as well as the hardware requirements were intentionally left to a minimum to ensure that users without access to the latest hardware would still be able to use these tools. In addition to these requirements, the final product would have to be hardware agnostic, as well as operating system neutral. As tempting as it would be to call this project complete, it is very much still an evolving work in progress. As new challenges arise the platform should be robust enough to be able to adapt. The modular design of the platform will ensure that future users will be able to adjust and even create completely new components to add functionality and customize the software to their needs.

Simulation modelling was used to quantify the accuracy of positions estimated in a three dimensional underwater environment. Time of arrival differences combined with multilateration methods were used to make positional estimates of a signal source (acoustic tag). The network studied was used to examine position estimates of aquatic organisms within a sensor (hydrophone) array. Hydrophone position uncertainty (distribution and variance), background noise converted to a measurement of signal strength in the form of a signal to noise ratio, a signal to noise ratio threshold and geometry of the hydrophone array were considered. Each of these factors was studied at two levels by way of a 2 to the power of 5 factorial design and analyzed with an ANOVA analysis to determine their influence on three dimensional positioning error. The level of background noise and hydrophone geometry were the two most influential factors in position accuracy. When a high level of background noise was present, it was essential that hydrophone geometry was as close to ideal as possible to ensure accurate position estimates.

Nautical archaeologists and scholars often try to recreate how ships were built and maneuvered. Due to the delicate nature of older wooden vessels, there is often little archaeological evidence remaining to aid in these studies, and researchers must supplement what little they have with other resources, such as texts. By using computer programs to synthesize and enhance the information in the texts, scholars can better understand the vessel and explore questions that even hull remains may not be able to address. During the High to Late Middle Ages, Venice was a key city for trade and commerce. Its location on the Adriatic Sea connected merchants throughout mainland Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. Since its founding in the low Middle Ages, Venice has been connected to the sea, leading to a long history of seafaring and shipbuilding. By the end of the Middle Ages, Venice had established several trade routes throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and one long sea route into the Atlantic, to Lisbon, Flanders, and London. Although no archaeological evidence of these galleys have been found, several contemporary texts describe the merchant galleys of the 15th century. Two of these texts, dating to the first half of the 15th century discuss the dimensions the galley: The book of Michael of Rhodes and the book of Giorgio "Trombetta" da Modone. Perhaps complementary copies of the same original, these texts contain enough information to reconstruct a 3-dimensional model of the galley of Flanders's hull, in this case using off-the-shelf software ((Rhinoceros). From this computer model the vessel can then be analyzed for volumetric information in order to better understand the hull capacity and how the ship was laden.

Similarities between golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) have been well-studied in both field and laboratory settings. Often sympatric, these species share similar habitat, as well as other resources, yet previous researchers have found little evidence for interspecific competition. Niche partitioning may reduce direct competition through specialization of resource use. Although the golden mouse is considered a resource specialist, it is likely that the degree of habitat specialization differs by locality, and thus, the degree of interspecific competition with similar species is variable. To determine the extent to which microhabitat use differs between golden mice and white-footed mice, I measured 16 and 15 microhabitat variables during the leaf-on and leaf-off seasons, respectively, in Jackson County, Illinois. Trapping took place on 3 grids from March 2010 to September 2011. The ratio of individual golden mice (n = 74) to white-footed mice (n = 85) was unusually high during this study. Microhabitat use models were constructed for both species during both seasons using logistic regression by comparing microhabitat at trapping stations where each species was captured vs. stations without captures. Few variables described habitat occupied by golden mice. Overall, dense vegetation up to 2.0 m was most important for golden mice and ground-level structures such as logs were most important for white-footed mice. Captures and noncaptures were predicted with a high degree of accuracy by logistic regression (81.5-90.3%). Discriminant function analysis was used to identify which microhabitat variables optimally discriminated between habitat used by golden mice, white-footed mice, and neither species. More variables discriminated between species during the leaf-on season than the leaf-off season although discriminating variables during leaf-off were more important overall. Habitat where either species was captured was combined and compared against habitat where no mice were captured; microhabitat used by mice was statistically distinct within the study area. Captures and noncaptures were classified correctly more than would be expected by chance by discriminant function analysis but moderate classification success values indicated microhabitat differences between species were subtle. Microhabitat and elevated trap use varied between seasons for both species, but neither species used ground or elevated traps more than expected during the leaf-on season. Spatial segregation was more apparent during the leaf-off season when golden mice used elevated traps more than expected and white-footed mice used ground traps more than expected. Overall results suggest that golden mice exhibited a great deal of plasticity in microhabitat use seasonally, and are more habitat generalists than previous literature would suggest. Although some spatial segregation was apparent between golden mice and white-footed mice, there was no evidence for avoidance between species, which implies a lack of interference competition. It is likely that other life-history factors (such as metabolic rate, nest building, or sociality) in combination with microhabitat and vertical partitioning allow coexistence between these species rather than microhabitat segregation alone.

No description available.

Abstract not available

<p><p>Newbeam Sweden AB är ett ganska ungt företag som genom deras patent har börjat kunna pressa unika träkompositer i 3 dimensioner. Företaget ligger i startgroparna med sin första tillverkningslina som skall öppnas i Söderhamn, Hälsingland.</p><p>De själva har satsat mycket mot byggnadsindustrin. Min uppgift i detta arbete har varit att undersöka andra marknader med deras profi lpressade träkompositer som grund. Inriktningen blev butiksinredningar som ett resultat av researcharbetet som gjordes.</p><p>Intervjuer och undersökningar gav en bild av hur viktigt det är med användarvänlighet samt enkelhet och de två orden blev mitt motto arbetet igenom.</p><p>Resultatet av detta kom att bli lite mer än bara butiksinredningar.</p></p> / <p>Newbeam Sweden AB is a fairly young company which with their new patent are able to press unique wood composite in 3 dimensions. The company are about to start thier fi rst manufacturing line in Söderhamn, Hälsingland.</p><p>Their main target is to make components for house-constructions. My objective in this project has been to investigate other fi elds of interest with their 3 dimensional wood composite beams as buildingblocks.</p><p>From the research that was made, a focus towards stores and their furnish equipment came to be the concentration. Interviews and investigations gave a good picture of how important it is to off er easy-to-use and simplicity in constructions. Theese words became my motto during this project.</p><p>The result of my work came to be a little more than furnish equipment for stores.</p>

ABSTRACT: Formation of organ shape is an intriguing yet largely unanswered question in developmental biology. Shapes arise as a result of tightly controlled spatial variation in the rates and directions of tissue expansion over the course of development; therefore, quantifying these growth patterns could provide information about the underlying mechanisms of morphogenesis. Here we present a novel technique and computational tools for quantifying growth and shape changes in developing leaves, with a few unique capabilities. This includes the ability to compute growth from three-dimensional (3D) coordinates, which makes this the first method suitable for studying leaf growth in species or mutants with non-flat leaves, as well as small leaves at early stages of development, and allows us to simultaneously capture 3D shape changes. In the following, we apply these methods to study growth and shape changes in the first rosette leaf of Arabidopsis thaliana. Results reveal clear spatiotemporal patterns in growth rates and directionality, and tissue deformation maps illustrate an intricate balance involved in maintaining a relatively flat leaf surface in wild type leaves. Semi-automated tools presented make a high throughput of data possible with this method, and algorithms for generating mean maps of growth will make it possible to perform standardized comparative analyses of growth patterns between wild type and mutants and/or between species. The methods presented in this thesis will therefore be useful for studying leaf growth and shape, to further investigate the mechanisms of morphogenesis.   RÉSUMÉ: Comment un organe acquiert sa forme particulière au cours du développement est une question intéressante mais largement non résolue. La forme d’un organe résulte de la façon dont les taux et directions de croissance de ses tissues varient dans l’espace et dans le temps. Quantifier les motifs de croissance est donc nécessaire pout élucider les mécanismes sous-jacents de la morphogenèse. Nous présentons ici une nouvelle méthodologie pour quantifier la croissance et les changements de forme dans les feuilles en développement. Cette méthodologie s’appuie sur le développement de nouvelles techniques expérimentales et de programmes informatiques, et présente des avantages uniques : la croissance de la surface des feuilles et le changement de forme peuvent être analysés en trois dimensions (3D), pour une longue période et de large déformations. De plus l’analyse de multiples échantillons permet de générer une cartographie moyenne des motifs de croissance à la surface des feuilles au cours de leur développement, ainsi qu’une description quantitative de la déformation des tissus sous l’effet de leur croissance. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les résultats de croissance et de changements de forme de la première feuille de rosette d'Arabidopsis thaliana au cours de son développement. Les cartes moyennes de croissance révèlent des motifs spatio-temporels évidents tant pour les taux que pour les directions de croissance. De plus, la description de la déformation des tissus démontre l'équilibre complexe impliqué dans le maintien d'une surface relativement plane dans les feuilles. La méthode proposée et les logiciels associés permettra d’effectuer des analyses comparative de la croissance entre feuilles de type sauvage et feuilles de mutants aux formes altérées, afin d’élucider les mécanismes de la morphogenèse foliaire.

Newbeam Sweden AB är ett ganska ungt företag som genom deras patent har börjat kunna pressa unika träkompositer i 3 dimensioner. Företaget ligger i startgroparna med sin första tillverkningslina som skall öppnas i Söderhamn, Hälsingland. De själva har satsat mycket mot byggnadsindustrin. Min uppgift i detta arbete har varit att undersöka andra marknader med deras profi lpressade träkompositer som grund. Inriktningen blev butiksinredningar som ett resultat av researcharbetet som gjordes. Intervjuer och undersökningar gav en bild av hur viktigt det är med användarvänlighet samt enkelhet och de två orden blev mitt motto arbetet igenom. Resultatet av detta kom att bli lite mer än bara butiksinredningar. / Newbeam Sweden AB is a fairly young company which with their new patent are able to press unique wood composite in 3 dimensions. The company are about to start thier fi rst manufacturing line in Söderhamn, Hälsingland. Their main target is to make components for house-constructions. My objective in this project has been to investigate other fi elds of interest with their 3 dimensional wood composite beams as buildingblocks. From the research that was made, a focus towards stores and their furnish equipment came to be the concentration. Interviews and investigations gave a good picture of how important it is to off er easy-to-use and simplicity in constructions. Theese words became my motto during this project. The result of my work came to be a little more than furnish equipment for stores.

ABSTRACT: Formation of organ shape is an intriguing yet largely unanswered question in developmental biology. Shapes arise as a result of tightly controlled spatial variation in the rates and directions of tissue expansion over the course of development; therefore, quantifying these growth patterns could provide information about the underlying mechanisms of morphogenesis. Here we present a novel technique and computational tools for quantifying growth and shape changes in developing leaves, with a few unique capabilities. This includes the ability to compute growth from three-dimensional (3D) coordinates, which makes this the first method suitable for studying leaf growth in species or mutants with non-flat leaves, as well as small leaves at early stages of development, and allows us to simultaneously capture 3D shape changes. In the following, we apply these methods to study growth and shape changes in the first rosette leaf of Arabidopsis thaliana. Results reveal clear spatiotemporal patterns in growth rates and directionality, and tissue deformation maps illustrate an intricate balance involved in maintaining a relatively flat leaf surface in wild type leaves. Semi-automated tools presented make a high throughput of data possible with this method, and algorithms for generating mean maps of growth will make it possible to perform standardized comparative analyses of growth patterns between wild type and mutants and/or between species. The methods presented in this thesis will therefore be useful for studying leaf growth and shape, to further investigate the mechanisms of morphogenesis.   RÉSUMÉ: Comment un organe acquiert sa forme particulière au cours du développement est une question intéressante mais largement non résolue. La forme d’un organe résulte de la façon dont les taux et directions de croissance de ses tissues varient dans l’espace et dans le temps. Quantifier les motifs de croissance est donc nécessaire pout élucider les mécanismes sous-jacents de la morphogenèse. Nous présentons ici une nouvelle méthodologie pour quantifier la croissance et les changements de forme dans les feuilles en développement. Cette méthodologie s’appuie sur le développement de nouvelles techniques expérimentales et de programmes informatiques, et présente des avantages uniques : la croissance de la surface des feuilles et le changement de forme peuvent être analysés en trois dimensions (3D), pour une longue période et de large déformations. De plus l’analyse de multiples échantillons permet de générer une cartographie moyenne des motifs de croissance à la surface des feuilles au cours de leur développement, ainsi qu’une description quantitative de la déformation des tissus sous l’effet de leur croissance. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les résultats de croissance et de changements de forme de la première feuille de rosette d'Arabidopsis thaliana au cours de son développement. Les cartes moyennes de croissance révèlent des motifs spatio-temporels évidents tant pour les taux que pour les directions de croissance. De plus, la description de la déformation des tissus démontre l'équilibre complexe impliqué dans le maintien d'une surface relativement plane dans les feuilles. La méthode proposée et les logiciels associés permettra d’effectuer des analyses comparative de la croissance entre feuilles de type sauvage et feuilles de mutants aux formes altérées, afin d’élucider les mécanismes de la morphogenèse foliaire.