• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 3
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The control of mimicry by social signals

Wang, Yin January 2012 (has links)
One remarkable feature of social interactions is spontaneous mimicry. People have a tendency to unconsciously imitate other’s behaviours. This mimicry increases liking and affiliation between individuals and plays an important role in social cognition. Though mimicry is not normally consciously controlled, past research suggests that people mimic differently across social situations. In order to better understand the flexibility of mimicry in socal contexts, this thesis examined how social signals impact on mimicry by using a cognitive approach. Four behavioural studies consistently suggest that mimicry is subtly and strategically controlled by social signals. Specifically, in the first study we found that eye gaze is a powerful controlling signal on mimicry. Direct gaze rapidly and specifically enhances mimicry of intransitive hand movements. In the second study, we clarified that this eye contact effect on mimicry is not due to any arousal or attentional effect, but is driven by the social cue of direct gaze. In the third study, we found a joint effect of likeability and social status on mimicry. These two features interact in driving mimicry and optimize the affiliative function of mimicry in social interaction. Finally in the fourth study, we found that mimicry is sensitive to social primes. Prosocial and antisocial primes subtly modulate mimicry according to the self-relatedness of the primes. To further investigate the neural mechanism of the sutble control of mimicry by social signals, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the effect of eye contact on mimicry. The results showed that two key brain systems for social cognition—medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mirror neuron system (MNS)—work together to control mimicry on line in social contexts. In particular, dynamic causal modelling analysis revealed that mPFC is the originator of the eye contact effect on mimicry and this region modulates the sensory inputs to the MNS according to gaze directions. These findings suggest that mPFC plays a key role in the strategic control of mimicry in social contexts. All experiments are then discussed in relation to current theories of mimicry. We suggest that this subtle and strategic control of mimicry is essential to human competence in social interactions and is important for our understanding of why and how people mimic.
2

La mise en scène de la contradiction à l’oral : analyse et fonctionnement / Staging contradiction in french oral speech : analysis and functioning

Drouet, Griselda Noémie 02 July 2013 (has links)
La notion de contradiction en linguistique a souvent été rejetée en marge des recherches en langues. On considère généralement que la parole contradictoire ou les structures oppositives ne peuvent servir logiquement l’efficacité requise par la théorie traditionnelle de la communication. Pour cette raison, la linguistique traditionnelle tend à considérer ces structures comme artificielles, servant des fins stylistiques ou rhétoriques. Or, nous pouvons observer à l’oral nombre d’énoncés présentant des marques de la contradiction nous amenant à examiner non pas des structures préparées mais bien spontanées, servant des fins communicatives et ayant un effet pragmatique réel dans la communication. Nous montrons que la contradiction s’actualise bel et bien en discours et que l’aporie logique qu’elle manifeste à première vuemet en scène une singularité énonciative. Le locuteur, en effet, met en scène la contradiction moyennant des conditions d’énonciation particulières (polyphonie, négation, connecteurs). Des énoncés présentant des marqueurs de la contradiction sont autant d’indices qui permettent de prendre en compte cette notion et de l’analyser sous une lumière nouvelle. C’est à partir d’un corpus établi sur des enregistrements de français oral spontané que nous mettons au jour les formes morphologiques et syntaxiques qui traduisent la mise en scène de la contradiction à l’oral ainsi que les effets pragmatiques qu’elles engendrent, afin de parvenir à dresser un système possible du fonctionnement de cette structure / The notion of contradiction in linguistics has often been rejected to the margins of language research. We generally consider that contradictory speech or structures of opposition cannot logically serve the effectiveness required by the traditional theories of communication. For this reason, traditional linguistics tends to consider these structures as artificial, serving stylistic or rhetorical goals. Yet, we can observe, in oral speech, numerous utterances presenting marks of contradiction. This brings us to examine not the prepared structures but the spontaneous ones, serving communicative goals and having a real pragmatic effect within communication. This study will demonstrate that such utterances do exist in speech, and that the logical aporia they express at first sight reveals in fact a distinctive enunciative posture. We will showhow the utterer stages this posture through particular conditions of enunciation (polyphony, negation, markers). We will finally analyse the pragmatic effect of the structure of contradiction in and on discourse.The utterances presenting pragmatic connectors are of as many indications which allow us to take into account these notions and to analyse them under a new light. It is from a corpus established on the recordings of spontaneous oral conversations that we attempt to bring up the morphological forms and the syntax which conveys oral contradiction along with the pragmatic effects which it creates, in order to draw up a possible system of the functioning of these structures
3

Langue des signes et malaise du sujet / Sign language and subject's unease

Goasmat, Grégory 26 June 2017 (has links)
Le champ socio-professionnel circonscrit par la prise en compte éducative et sociale des surdités sévères et profondes congénitales est structuré par un clivage entre les courants gestualistes et oralistes apparu à la fin du XVIIIè siècle. Depuis la fin des années mille neuf-cent soixante-dix, sous les impulsions de la militance pour la « cause sourde » d'une part et des progrès technico-médicaux de l'autre, ce clivage s'est trouvé refondé dans celui distinguant une conception du sujet sourd, héritant du structuralisme en linguistique et en psychanalyse, d'une approche de l'individu déficient auditif marqué du positivisme des modèles biologiques appliqués à l'humain.Si l’indigence de la prise en compte de la complexité de la rationalité humaine par ce second paradigme fait l'objet de critiques tout aussi sévères qu'argumentées de la part du premier, la passion pour la langue des signes qui infiltre celui-ci l'inscrit aussi, par là même, dans la tendance sociale repérable comme celle d'un effacement de la spécificité de l'enfant.Bien au-delà d'ailleurs du contexte du handicap, on peut identifier que la langue des signes produit dans notre contemporanéité des effets de fascination amplement redevables aux échos qu'elle trouve dans la négativité – au sens de Jean Gagnepain – constitutive de la condition de l'Homme.Dans l'investissement de la langue des signes, ordonné par la militance pour la « cause sourde » et l'orientation se présentant comme oeuvrant à un bilinguisme, la question de l'imprégnation de la langue audio-orale communautaire et de son outillage par l’écrit figure enfin un point d’achoppement dont se démarquent les approches oralistes notamment renouvelées par la Langue française Parlée Complétée (LPC). / The socio-professional area is delimited by the social and educative ways of regarding the severe congenital deafnesses. It is structured by the split between the oralism and gestualism branches which appeared at the end of XVIIIth century. Since the end of the seventies, driven by parental and cultural militancies as well as technical and medical progress, this division has been refounded in a new one which sets apart two ways of seeing the deaf person. One derives from structuralism in linguistic and psychoanalyse and the other one from positivism of biological models applied to Human.The paucity of the second paradigm regarding the human rationality complexity is the target of serious as well as documented criticisms by the first one. However, the passion for the sign language which comes in the latter one puts it also, by the fact, in the social trend which erases the child specificity. Besides, far beyond the handicap context, the fascination for the sign language observed in our contemporaneity is fully indebted to echoes found in the human constitutive negativity – in the Jean Gagnepain's meaning.Finally the issues of impregnation by audio-oral community language and of its equipment by writing are sticking points in the sign language approach, ordered by campaigners for the deaf cause and considered as working for bilingualism. Conversely, oralism, especially when renewed by the Cued Speech adapted to French, gets free from these pitfalls.
4

Variations graphiques des textes des forums sur Internet / Graphical variations in texts from internet forums

Sperlinga Gerner, Marie-Michèle 30 September 2015 (has links)
Cette étude s’inscrit dans le champ des spécificités de la communication médiée par ordinateur et présente la diversité des pratiques écrivantes dans les forums de discussion grand public sur Internet. Les variations graphiques et visuelles s’appuient sur l’analyse d’un corpus de deux cents messages issus de quarante cinq forums proposant des thématiques variées, ainsi que sur l’étude particulière des variations individuelles dans les écrits de six scripteurs. Les différentes stratégies d’écriture sont d’abord présentées du point de vue de la structuration des messages: six profils graphiques reflètent les tendances compositionnelles des forumeurs. Puis les recherches s’étendent à l’ensemble des variations graphiques au sein des messages en soulignant les aspects expressifs et visuographiques de ces écrits de proximité originaux. Enfin, la thèse met l’accent sur l’usage et le rôle de l’image à côté d’un écrit plutôt normé qui s’ouvre à une communication visuelle plus attractive. / This study explores the specific characteristics of computer mediated communication and investigates the wealth of writing tactics to be found on online discussion forums open to the general public. Graphical and visual variants are brought to light through the analysis of a corpus of two hundred messages originating from forty five forums dealing with various issues, as well as through a particular study of individual variation in the production of six participants.In a first stage, different writing strategies are presented from the point of view of the way messages are structured: six graphical profiles show how forum users tend to organize their content. Then the range of our research is extended to embrace the whole of graphical variants within messages, bringing out the expressive and visuographical features typical of such umediated original writings. Finally, our study emphasizes the use and function of visual tools next to rule-bound writing, allowing for a more attractive visual type of communication.

Page generated in 0.0165 seconds