A recent study of the language question in Mozambique criticises the fact that not enough practical attention is being given by the ruling party to the promotion of the Indigenous languages in spite of the rhetorical commitment to this. This research-study intends to argue for the need to empower Mozambican (and other Southern African) indigenous languages for more extended functions in national life. It is hoped that it will make a contribution to the understanding of the sociopsychological, sociolinguistic, and sociopolitical dimensions of language attitudes in the Mozambican language context. Therefore, the first Chapter will analyse the socio-historical foundations necessary for an understanding of current language attitudes in Mozambique. It is important to emphasise, at this point, that a more general sociological approach or an approach considering language attitudes will be adopted in preference to an approach with political analysis (such as Phillipson, R.). Considering that the Chapter presents a brief definition of the subject, a review of the literature and suggestions of areas for future research, I propose to divide it in two ; Part I and Part II. The second will attempt to provide a concise account of the present language situation in Mozambique. In the third Chapter, an investigation of language attitudes research in Mozambique will be carried out, together with pointers as to how such research may contribute to language policy-making, language-planning and action. Then, the study will outline the methodologies to be used in language attitudes research and suggest how future research should proceed. It will show the major findings of the research and discuss important areas for future studies. Finally, the Chapter will explore the attitudinal dimensions of language speaker numbers and power variables. Chapter four will discuss different aspects of the difficult issue of language use in education in Mozambique, in particular, and Southern Africa, in general. Chapter five will stress the need to promote the indigenous languages of Mozambique, in particular, and Southern Africa in general. Chapter six will consider the context of language planning in Mozambique and Southern Africa. The Chapter then will explore some traits of a forward-looking language planning policy for multilingual contexts. The concluding Chapter, will highlight the implications of the entire study for multilingual situations, discuss the implications of the findings for the question of language planning and language teaching in Mozambique, and make recommendations that those in this field may find useful.

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This thesis assesses the potential of actor-network theory (ANT) for conceptualising social enterprise by applying the concepts of assemblage and translation to the production of social values through three fieldsites studied in Ghana. Social enterprises are companies that use market-based revenues to generate social value while maintaining financial viability. Social entrepreneurship involves using and combining resources, expertise and networks in an innovative way to achieve social value. Finally, social value makes it possible to explore well-being and common good in ways that cannot be reduced merely to individual needs and wants or to monetary quantities. The present study examines social enterprises and social entrepreneurship through three case-studies and draws lessons from nine months of fieldwork in Ghana in 2004-2005. Using actor-network theory allows us to trace and follow the three social enterprises and social entrepreneurs beyond the conventional understanding of an enterprise or an economy. Measuring and evaluating the qualities of interactions aimed at enhancing social value, social enterprises create new identified objects and realities by involving the stakeholders, users and customers in the process, not just experts, economists and accountants. These pluralistic socio-technical objects are considered in this study as assemblages. The production of social values is studied through the notion of ‘translation’ where values are gradually articulated through different stages. These propositions are studied by way of a ‘test’ in all three cases, in which various assemblages are identified according to three themes. The first theme discusses information assemblages, which is seen as a source of problematisations; the second relates to spatial assemblages and how they facilitate new associations to emerge; the third theme is credit and money; and how actors use them to enrol new resources. Finally, these resources are evaluated using either internal or external measuring tools developed for the social enterprise sector. Social values emerge through the cyclical process.

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Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / MS. / Includes bibliographical references. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 序 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 文賦著作年代辨疑 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二章 --- 評Mr. ER. Hughes 之文賦英譯 --- p.85 / Chapter 第三章 --- 評方志彤先生之文賦英譯 --- p.181 / Chapter 第四章 --- 文賦理論管窺 --- p.209 / Chapter 第五章 --- 文賦筆法分析 --- p.356 / Chapter 第六章 --- 文賦之組織 --- p.411 / Chapter 第七章 --- 文賦語譯 --- p.453 / 附錄 --- p.475

S.J. Mason. / "July 20, 1955." "Reprinted from the Proceedings of the I.R.E., v.44, no.7, July, 1956." / Includes bibliographical references. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039 sc-64637. Project 102B. Dept. of the Army Project 3-99-10-022

This dissertation is concerned with the extent to which the use of information and communication technology can (re-)create social capital and local community in an urban environment. Will the new technologies lead to new forms of social inclusion or to the creation of a digital divide? How have social networks, social support, trust and sense of community been affected by the rapid development of the Internet? In the literature there is disagreement between writers who see the technology as a new basis for social inclusion, social capital and community (e. g. Wellman, 1997; Rheingold, 2000; Lin, 2001) and others who see it as a threat, leading to new forms of exclusion and a decline in face-to-face contacts ( e.g . Slouka, 1995;Stoll, 1995). A combination of qualitative and quantitative data from a study in a relatively disadvantaged area of Stockholm is used to evaluate the impact of two computer projects, a Local Net and an Internet Cafe. Each of the projects was aimed at encouraging digital inclusion and at enhancing social contacts and the sense of community. The findings show that Local Net largely failed to achieve its goals and was abandoned two years after its inauguration. In its place an Internet Cafe was established, which seems to be achieving many of the goals that were set out in its prospectus. Visitors to the Cafe, who include many representatives of disadvantaged groups, have acquired useful computer skills. The IT-Cafe, with is provision of subsidised public access, in formal support and training, makes its visitors feel more included in the Information Society as well as in the wider society. The visitors also have more local friends, express stronger social trust and perceive less tension in the than non-visitors. The Internet Cafd is regarded as an offline as well as online meeting-place with positive impacts on social integration, and Internet use is associated with networking, exchange of support and information seeking.