Thesis (MPA) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The study investigates the challenges facing Statistics South Africa in conducting population census project in the Limpopo Province. A special focus is on the Capricorn District Municipality. Literature has been reviewed as secondary sources and primary information was collected from a sample of 70 respondents. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in both data collection and analysis. The results from the study indicate that the major challenges facing Statistics South Africa in conducting population census projects include; lack of proper planning, insufficient budget, under count, over count, refusals, and lack of monitoring strategies. Based on the results, strategic recommendations were made.