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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos da temperatura de laminação na formação e na reversão de martensita induzida por deformação no aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304L. / Effects of the rolling temperature on the formation and on the reversion of strain induced martensite in a AISI 304L stainless steel.

Gomes, Tiago Evangelista 14 February 2012 (has links)
Objetivo principal desta dissertação foi verificar os efeitos da temperatura de laminação na formação de martensita induzida por deformação e na sua posterior reversão da martensita para austenita no aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304L. O estudo foi predominantemente microestrutural e para análise e caracterização foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios X, medidas de dureza Vickers e medidas de fases ferromagnéticas por ferritoscopia. As amostras foram inicialmente solubilizadas a 1100 ºC por uma hora, visando a dissolução de uma pequena quantidade residual de ferrita encontrada nas amostras na condição como recebida, depois laminadas em diferentes temperaturas, determinando-se curvas de endurecimento por deformação e de formação de martensita induzida por deformação em função do grau de deformação. Em seguida, foram realizados pré-recozimentos a 600 ºC, favorecendo apenas a reversão da martensita para austenita, de maneira que não ocorresse a recristalização. A quantidade e a temperatura de deformação apresentaram forte influência na quantidade de martensita formada, no endurecimento por deformação e na cinética de amolecimento durante o recozimento. Os pré-tratamentos realizados a 600 ºC causaram acentuada reversão da martensita, algum amolecimento e pequeno efeito no tamanho de grão recristalizado durante o posterior recozimento a 600 ºC. / The main objective of the present dissertation was to verify the effects of the rolling temperature on the formation of strain induced martensite and in its subsequent martensite reversion to austenite in a AISI 304L stainless steel. The study was predominantly microstructural and, for the analysis and characterization, several techniques have been used, namely optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness measurements and magnetic phase measurements, using the ferritoscope. The samples were initially solution annealed at 1100 ºC for one hour, aiming at the dissolution of a small quantity of the residual -ferrite found in the samples in the as-received condition; then rolling was performed at different temperatures, evaluating strain hardening and the strain induced martensite as a function of strain. Following, pre-annealing treatments at 600 ºC have been performed, favoring only the martensite to austenite reversion, in a way that no recrystallization would occur. Strain and temperature had a strong influence on the amount of formed martensite, on the strain hardening and on the softening kinetics during annealing. The pre-annealing treatments at 600 ºC caused an accentuated effect on the martensite reversion, some softening and a small effect on the recrystallized grain size during the subsequent annealing at 600 ºC.
2

Efeitos da temperatura de laminação na formação e na reversão de martensita induzida por deformação no aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304L. / Effects of the rolling temperature on the formation and on the reversion of strain induced martensite in a AISI 304L stainless steel.

Tiago Evangelista Gomes 14 February 2012 (has links)
Objetivo principal desta dissertação foi verificar os efeitos da temperatura de laminação na formação de martensita induzida por deformação e na sua posterior reversão da martensita para austenita no aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304L. O estudo foi predominantemente microestrutural e para análise e caracterização foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios X, medidas de dureza Vickers e medidas de fases ferromagnéticas por ferritoscopia. As amostras foram inicialmente solubilizadas a 1100 ºC por uma hora, visando a dissolução de uma pequena quantidade residual de ferrita encontrada nas amostras na condição como recebida, depois laminadas em diferentes temperaturas, determinando-se curvas de endurecimento por deformação e de formação de martensita induzida por deformação em função do grau de deformação. Em seguida, foram realizados pré-recozimentos a 600 ºC, favorecendo apenas a reversão da martensita para austenita, de maneira que não ocorresse a recristalização. A quantidade e a temperatura de deformação apresentaram forte influência na quantidade de martensita formada, no endurecimento por deformação e na cinética de amolecimento durante o recozimento. Os pré-tratamentos realizados a 600 ºC causaram acentuada reversão da martensita, algum amolecimento e pequeno efeito no tamanho de grão recristalizado durante o posterior recozimento a 600 ºC. / The main objective of the present dissertation was to verify the effects of the rolling temperature on the formation of strain induced martensite and in its subsequent martensite reversion to austenite in a AISI 304L stainless steel. The study was predominantly microstructural and, for the analysis and characterization, several techniques have been used, namely optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness measurements and magnetic phase measurements, using the ferritoscope. The samples were initially solution annealed at 1100 ºC for one hour, aiming at the dissolution of a small quantity of the residual -ferrite found in the samples in the as-received condition; then rolling was performed at different temperatures, evaluating strain hardening and the strain induced martensite as a function of strain. Following, pre-annealing treatments at 600 ºC have been performed, favoring only the martensite to austenite reversion, in a way that no recrystallization would occur. Strain and temperature had a strong influence on the amount of formed martensite, on the strain hardening and on the softening kinetics during annealing. The pre-annealing treatments at 600 ºC caused an accentuated effect on the martensite reversion, some softening and a small effect on the recrystallized grain size during the subsequent annealing at 600 ºC.
3

modélisation de la recristallisation lors du forgeage à chaud de l’acier 304L – une approche semi-topologique pour les modèles en champs moyens / Modeling of recrystallization during hot forging process of 304L stainless steel - A topological approach for mean-field models

Smagghe, Guillaume 07 February 2017 (has links)
Les pièces métalliques constituant le circuit primaire des installations nucléaires sont élaborées par forgeage à chaud. Pendant ce procédé, les transformations microstructurales induites par la déformation et les recuits déterminent une partie des propriétés mécaniques des produits finaux. L’orientation de la microstructure lors du processus de fabrication nécessite une connaissance précise des mécanismes physiques qui opèrent dans le matériau. Dans le cas de la déformation à chaud de l’acier austénitique 304L, ces modifications microstructurales dépendent de la recristallisation dynamique discontinue (DDRX) et de la recristallisation post-dynamique (PDRX). L’objet de ce projet est : (i) l’étude de la DDRX et de la PDRX dans les conditions de déformation du procédé de forgeage, (ii) l’étude de l’influence d’un ajout de niobium sur ces mécanismes, (iii) la modélisation de ces mécanismes afin de prédire les caractéristiques de la microstructure (moyenne et distribution de la taille des grains) à l’issue d’un procédé multipasses. Dans le cadre de l’étude, les conditions de déformation rencontrées lors du forgeage à chaud sont reproduites à l’aide d’essais de torsion sur des matériaux modèles contenant des teneurs en niobium différentes. La caractérisation et la modélisation des microstructures a permis de comprendre les effets respectifs de la température, de la vitesse de déformation ainsi que de l’ajout de niobium sur les mécanismes de la DDRX et de la PDRX. Dans cette étude, une nouvelle approche semi-topologique de l’hypothèse champs moyens est développée afin de permettre la prédiction de distributions de la taille de grain cohérentes avec les données expérimentales. / Cooling system of nuclear power plants is constituted of metallic parts obtained by hot forging. Thus during the manufacturing process, the microstructural trans- formations induced by the deformation and annealing process define partially the mechanical properties of the final products. A sharp knowledge of the physical mechanisms generated within the material is required to handle the microstructure. In the case of hot deformation of 304L austenitic stainless steel, the microstructural modifications depend on the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) and the post-dynamic recrystallization (PDRX). The aim of this project is: (i) the study of the DDRX and the PDRX under the conditions of deformation inherent in the forging process, (ii) the study of the influence of niobium addition on these mechanisms, (iii) the modeling of these me- chanisms in order to predict the microstructure characteristics (mean grain size and distribution) following a multipass process. As part of the research, the deformation conditions experienced during the hot forging process are replicated through torsion tests with model materials containing various niobium concentrations. Characterization and modeling of microstructures enable to understand the respective e ects of temperature, strain rate as well as niobium addittion on the DDRX and PDRX mechanisms. In this study, a new topological approach of mean-field hypothesis is developed in order to allow the prediction of realistic grain size distributions.

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