Charles S. Lorens. / "July 15, 1956." "This report is based on a thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, M.I.T., July 1956, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the dgree of Doctor of Science." / Bibliography: p. 114. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039-sc-64637 Dept. of the Army Task 3-99-06-108 Project 3-99-00-100

iv ABSTRACT GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF LENTIL ( Lens culinaris M. cv.Sultan.1) WITH A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REGULATOR (MBF1c) AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS KAM&Ccedil / I, Hamdi Ph.D., Biotechnology, Institute of Natural ad Applied Sciences Supervisor Prof. Dr. Meral Y&Uuml / CEL Co-Supervisor: Dr. Ufuk &Ccedil / elikkol AK&Ccedil / AY September 2011, 252 pages In this study, Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of lentil Sultan 1 cultivar with MBF1c and evaluation of transgenic plants was aimed. The study was initially based on optimized protocol with Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYRT1 strain and pTJK136 binary plasmid. Based on this protocol and transient marker gene expression in embryo apex, 15% stable transformation efficiency was aimed. However limited knowledge about pTJK136 and problem with curing KYRT1 leaded us to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 strain and also to engineer an alternative binary plasmid / pPZP101. Hence, scope of this study became construction of a plant binary transformation vector and lentil transformation optimization with C58C1 strain.First plant transformation vector designed in this study was pPZP101ManA-MBF1c. Transformations with C58C1::pPZP101ManA-MBF1c were carried out with a reformulated co-cultivation media. Cotyledonary nodes were isolated from three days old lentil seedlings germinated with phytormone (BAP/TDZ) induction. Isolated nodes were either injured and pre-incubated in co-cultivation media or pre- incubated and then injured prior to transformation. Regeneration and necrosis behaviors of the transformed explants leaded us to the conclusion that explant preparation is the critical step of transformation. And data suggest that explants isolated from 2mg/l BAP, pre-incubated two days in co-cultivation media, injured and transformed performed significantly better scores for necrosis shoot regeneration and callus formation parameters. Transformed explants that survived in subsequent sub-cultures in mannose selection raised shoots. These shoots were grafted and regenerated into plantlets. The putative transgenic plantlets were screened for transgene with PCR. Initial amplification signals fainted and lost as grafts grew. In order to make a diagnosis of this fainting behavior the second plant transformation vector pPZP101ManA- GUSint-MBF1c was constructed and transient GUS expression analysis were made.

ABSTRACT GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF LENTIL ( Lens culinaris M. cv.Sultan.1) WITH A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REGULATOR (MBF1c) AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS KAM&Ccedil / I, Hamdi Ph.D., Biotechnology, Institute of Natural ad Applied Sciences Supervisor Prof. Dr. Meral Y&Uuml / CEL Co-Supervisor : Dr. Ufuk &Ccedil / elikkol AK&Ccedil / AY September 2011, 252 pages In this study, Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of lentil Sultan 1 cultivar with MBF1c and evaluation of transgenic plants was aimed. The study was initially based on optimized protocol with Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYRT1 strain and pTJK136 binary plasmid. Based on this protocol and transient marker gene expression in embryo apex, 15% stable transformation efficiency was aimed. However limited knowledge about pTJK136 and problem with curing KYRT1 leaded us to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 strain and also to engineer an alternative binary plasmid / pPZP101. Hence, scope of this study became construction of a plant binary transformation vector and lentil transformation optimization with C58C1 strain. First plant transformation vector designed in this study was pPZP101ManA-MBF1c. Transformations with C58C1::pPZP101ManA-MBF1c were carried out with a reformulated co-cultivation media. Cotyledonary nodes were isolated from three days old lentil seedlings germinated with phytormone (BAP/TDZ) induction. Isolated nodes were either injured and pre-incubated in co-cultivation media or pre-incubated and then injured prior to transformation. Regeneration and necrosis behaviors of the transformed explants leaded us to the conclusion that explant preparation is the critical step of transformation. And data suggest that explants isolated from 2mg/l BAP, pre-incubated two days in co-cultivation media, injured and transformed performed significantly better scores for necrosis shoot regeneration and callus formation parameters. Transformed explants that survived in subsequent sub-cultures in mannose selection raised shoots. These shoots were grafted and regenerated into plantlets. The putative transgenic plantlets were screened for transgene with PCR. Initial amplification signals fainted and lost as grafts grew. In order to make a diagnosis of this fainting behavior the second plant transformation vector pPZP101ManA-GUSint-MBF1c was constructed and transient GUS expression analysis were made.

李淑文. / "2001年1月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (leaves 114-121) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 1 yue" / Li Shuwen. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 114-121) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 撮要 --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 目錄 --- p.iv / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 硏究方法 --- p.4 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 六朝志怪的特性 --- p.6 / Chapter 1´Ø --- 志怪小說的內容 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 志怪小說的寫作手法 / Chapter 3´Ø --- 志怪小說的寫作動機 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 選擇《搜神記》的原因 --- p.14 / Chapter 1 ´Ø --- 從文學角度看 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 從內容看 / Chapter 五´Ø --- 本文結構與內容 --- p.16 / Chapter 第二章 --- 《搜神記》的成書與流傳 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 成書 --- p.18 / Chapter 1 ´Ø --- 資料來源 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 寫作目的 / Chapter 二 ´Ø --- 流傳 --- p.22 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《搜神記》中「死而復生故事」內容分析 --- p.30 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 死而復生的原因 --- p.32 / Chapter 1´Ø --- 被司命誤召 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 未當死 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 死而復生的詮釋 --- p.36 / Chapter 1´Ø --- 精誠所至 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 徵兆 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 死後的去處及生活 --- p.41 / Chapter 1´Ø --- 死後往天上及其生活 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 死後往泰山及其生活 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《搜神記》中「鬼故事」內容分析 --- p.47 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 鬼顯現的原因 --- p.50 / Chapter 1´Ø --- 死於非命 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 安葬不宜 / Chapter 3´Ø --- 未嫁而死 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 死後的去處及其生活 --- p.58 / Chapter 1 ´Ø --- 死後的去處 / Chapter 2 ´Ø --- 死後的生活 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 死者與生者的關係 --- p.60 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《搜神記》中死後世界的承傳與轉變 --- p.65 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 死而復生與漢代流行思想 --- p.67 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 《搜神記》中死後世界的承傳與轉變 --- p.74 / Chapter 1 ´Ø --- 死後的去處 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 死後世界的官僚架構組織 / Chapter 3´Ø --- 死後的生活 / Chapter 4´Ø --- 死者與生者的關係 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.109 / 參考書目 --- p.114

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Fundamental aspects of biologically-inspired regulatory mechanisms are considered in a robotics context, using artificial neural-network control systems . Regulatory mechanisms are used to control expression of genes, adaptation of form and behavior in organisms. Traditional neural network control architectures assume networks of neurons are fixed and are interconnected by wires. However, these architectures tend to be specified by a designer and are faced with several limitations that reduce scalability and tractability for tasks with larger search spaces. Traditional methods used to overcome these limitations with fixed network topologies are to provide more supervision by a designer. More supervision as shown does not guarantee improvement during training particularly when making incorrect assumptions for little known task domains. Biological organisms often do not require such external intervention (more supervision) and have self-organized through adaptation. Artificial neural tissues (ANT) addresses limitations with current neural-network architectures by modeling both wired interactions between neurons and wireless interactions through use of chemical diffusion fields. An evolutionary (Darwinian) selection process is used to ‘breed’ ANT controllers for a task at hand and the framework facilitates emergence of creative solutions since only a system goal function and a generic set of basis behaviours need be defined. Regulatory mechanisms are formed dynamically within ANT through superpositioning of chemical diffusion fields from multiple sources and are used to select neuronal groups. Regulation drives competition and cooperation among neuronal groups and results in areas of specialization forming within the tissue. These regulatory mechanisms are also shown to increase tractability without requiring more supervision using a new statistical theory developed to predict performance characteristics of fixed network topologies. Simulations also confirm the significance of regulatory mechanisms in solving certain tasks found intractable for fixed network topologies. The framework also shows general improvement in training performance against existing fixed-topology neural network controllers for several robotic and control tasks. ANT controllers evolved in a low-fidelity simulation environment have been demonstrated for a number of tasks on hardware using groups of mobile robots and have given insight into self-organizing system. Evidence of sparse activity and use of decentralized, distributed functionality within ANT controller solutions are found consistent with observations from neurobiology.

Fundamental aspects of biologically-inspired regulatory mechanisms are considered in a robotics context, using artificial neural-network control systems . Regulatory mechanisms are used to control expression of genes, adaptation of form and behavior in organisms. Traditional neural network control architectures assume networks of neurons are fixed and are interconnected by wires. However, these architectures tend to be specified by a designer and are faced with several limitations that reduce scalability and tractability for tasks with larger search spaces. Traditional methods used to overcome these limitations with fixed network topologies are to provide more supervision by a designer. More supervision as shown does not guarantee improvement during training particularly when making incorrect assumptions for little known task domains. Biological organisms often do not require such external intervention (more supervision) and have self-organized through adaptation. Artificial neural tissues (ANT) addresses limitations with current neural-network architectures by modeling both wired interactions between neurons and wireless interactions through use of chemical diffusion fields. An evolutionary (Darwinian) selection process is used to ‘breed’ ANT controllers for a task at hand and the framework facilitates emergence of creative solutions since only a system goal function and a generic set of basis behaviours need be defined. Regulatory mechanisms are formed dynamically within ANT through superpositioning of chemical diffusion fields from multiple sources and are used to select neuronal groups. Regulation drives competition and cooperation among neuronal groups and results in areas of specialization forming within the tissue. These regulatory mechanisms are also shown to increase tractability without requiring more supervision using a new statistical theory developed to predict performance characteristics of fixed network topologies. Simulations also confirm the significance of regulatory mechanisms in solving certain tasks found intractable for fixed network topologies. The framework also shows general improvement in training performance against existing fixed-topology neural network controllers for several robotic and control tasks. ANT controllers evolved in a low-fidelity simulation environment have been demonstrated for a number of tasks on hardware using groups of mobile robots and have given insight into self-organizing system. Evidence of sparse activity and use of decentralized, distributed functionality within ANT controller solutions are found consistent with observations from neurobiology.

The effects of cytokinin-like Thidiazuron growth regulator on the regeneration responses of callus cultures of Turkish bread Triticum aestivum L. cv. (BaSak 95, Gerek 79, and Bezostaja 1) and durum Triticum durum Desf. cv. (Kunduru, &Ccedil / akmak 79, and Kirmizi 5132) wheat varieties have been investigated in this study. High callus induction frequencies are found to be independent of bread and durum wheat varieties ( &rsaquo / 96%) whereas the callus weight is found to be variety-dependent. For bread wheat, BaSak 95 and for the durum wheat Kunduru is found to be the best performers. TDZ treatments are found to be negatively affecting the regeneration capacity of all the tested bread wheat varieties whereas for the durum wheat variety of Kunduru positive effect is observed. Since the culture efficiency is a derivation from the regeneration capacity, this parameter yielded very similar results as in the case of regeneration capacity for both bread and durum wheat varieties. In bread wheat varieties, the TDZ treatments increased the number of regenerated plants more than 2-fold when compared with the control and likewise very similar results were obtained from durum wheat varieties. Unfortunately, following their transfer to soil, plants that were treated with various concentrations of TDZ displayed reduced vigor probably due to underdeveloped roots. In addition, majority of these plants did not sufficiently develop above the ground parts when compared with the control plants. The simplicity and rapid development of shoots using mature embryos could potentially be used for regenerating superior plants following gene transfer studies in the future.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:46:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_bc_me_fran.pdf: 768800 bytes, checksum: 37cf9888eb563591567993930430a9b7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / No contexto da Antiguidade Tardia, observamos os ideais de Realeza que se propagaram no Império Romano no século IV d.C., mais especificamente, nos relatos de dois autores que partilharam dos acontecimentos políticos ocorridos entre os governos de Constâncio II a Teodósio (337-395 d.C.), sendo eles: o filósofo Temístio (317-388 d.C.) com seus discursos políticos; e o militar Amiano Marcelino (325/330-395 d.C.) com sua obra Res Gestae. Ao longo de nossa pesquisa, buscamos observar as características de cada autor, e confluímos suas experiências de vida para encontrarmos os pontos convergentes e divergentes de seus conceitos em torno das responsabilidades Imperiais. Nesse ínterim, ressaltarmos o entrelaçamento entre romanos e bárbaros, muito perceptível nesse momento; e como este processo de interação de culturas influenciou no pensamento dos escritores tardo-antigos aqui estudados. Também, preocupamo-nos em observar como um filósofo e um militar desenvolveram tais ideais em relação a dois governantes distintos: Joviano (363-364 d.C.) e Valentiniano I (364-375 d.C.), para tanto fizemos uma análise mais especifica dos Discursos V – A Joviano – e VI – ao Amor Fraterno ou Sobre a Humanidade – de Temístio e dos Livros XV a XXX de Amiano Marcelino, por serem Imperadores eleitos diretamente pelo Exército Romano, sem o auxilio de outros órgãos da sociedade romana. Além disso, são eles, até o momento, os imperadores romanos menos explorados pelas historiografias ibérica, francesa, britânica e nacional consultadas até o momento. Em geral, tais historiografias quando se referem a esses governantes, os mencionam de maneira pejorativa. Assim, em um momento de grande efervescência sócio-político cultural, dois autores não cristãos escrevem seus trabalhos, com o intuito de relembrarem seu público... / In the context of Late Antiquity, we observe the ideals of Royalty which spread throughout the Roman Empire in the IV century AD, especially the reports of two writers who shared political events which occurred between the governments of Constantius II and Theodosius (337-395 AD), they are: the philosopher Themistius (317-388 AD) with his political speeches and the military Ammianus Marcellinus (325/330-395 AD) with his work Res Gestae. Throughout our research, we aimed to observe the characteristics of each writer and merge their life experiences to find the convergent and divergent points of their concepts around the imperial responsibilities. Meanwhile, we highlight the interlinking between Romans and barbarians, very perceptible at that time; since this process of culture interaction influenced the thoughts of the ancient late writers here studied. We also sought to observe how a philosopher and a military developed such ideals in relation to two distinct rulers: Jovian (363-364 AD) and Valentinian I (364-375 AD), for this a more specific analysis of the Speeches V was made – to Jovian – and VI – to Fraternal Love or on Humanity – Themistius‟ and Books XV to XXX by Ammianus Marcellinus for being Emperors directly elected by the Roman Army, without any help from other agencies of the Roman society. Moreover, they are, so far, the least explored Roman emperors by the Iberian, French, British and national historiographies checked so far. In general, when such historiographies refer to these rulers, they are mentioned in a pejorative way. Thus, in a time of great socio-political and cultural excitement, two non-Christian writers write their papers in order to remind their audience of the importance of virtues and, because of that, both of them base themselves in examples from the classical tradition; the same way we perceive other elements that permeate the structure of both good rulers: Themistius and Ammianus Marcellinus

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / En la primera parte de este trabajo efectuamos un estudio general acerca de los delitos contra la salud pública, centrándonos específicamente en el análisis dogmático del tipo penal del artículo 313 d del Código Penal Chileno, que regula el delito por fabricación o expendio de sustancias medicinales deterioradas o adulteradas, peligrosas para la salud, por su nocividad o menoscabo de sus propiedades curativas, en relación con el tipo penal del artículo 317 del mismo cuerpo jurídico, que establece una agravación de la pena cuando como consecuencia de la conducta anterior se hubiere producido la muerte o enfermedad grave de alguna persona. Posteriormente en la segunda parte, observamos un importante caso de la jurisprudencia nacional, conocido popularmente “como el caso ADN Nutricomp”, en donde analizamos la aplicación concreta de los tipos penales en estudio, y apreciamos los problemas de causalidad que traen aparejados, comparando la respuesta que se ha dado respecto de este fallo, con dos casos de la jurisprudencia alemana y española, conocidos como el “caso Contergan” y el “caso Aceite de Colza”, para finalmente reflexionar respecto a lo que consideramos nosotros es la solución adecuada del caso