Orientador : Profª Dr José Antônio Peres Gediel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito. Defesa: Curitiba, 18/05/2016 / Inclui referências : f. 169-195 / Área de concentração : Direito das Relações Sociais / Resumo: A presente tese realiza uma análise pluralista dos saberes e símbolos que compõem o universo dos territórios quilombolas, que não são levados em consideração nos processos de titulação de terras em favor dessas comunidades. A invisibilidade da vida social e suas criações imateriais decorrem de processos sociais iniciados com a colonização. Agrega-se a essa invisibilidade o fato de o direito que regula a titulação dessas terras operar com a noção de direito de propriedade voltada a regular o trânsito de bens, com valor econômico, na sociedade de mercado. É objetivo desta tese discutir o direito de propriedade num âmbito histórico-jurídico colonialista e seus limites para garantir o uso coletivo da terra adotado pelas comunidades tradicionais, especialmente as remanescentes de quilombos. O estudo busca demonstrar a necessidade de reconhecer que a terra, em certos contextos, é um bem cultural, e que o modo de aquisição desse bem não se dá por meio da titulação, que apenas tem efeito declaratório, não constitutivo. O disposto no artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias cria uma obrigação para o Estado realizar tal titulação com base no pertencimento verificado entre a comunidade quilombola e o território que tradicionalmente ocupa. A tese afirma a necessidade de reconhecer a terra como um bem cultural de natureza complexa, ao mesmo tempo material e imaterial. A natureza imaterial desse bem reside no plano simbólico, a partir do pertencimento identitário, que não se confunde com a posse civil de natureza puramente econômica. A atuação do Estado, ao não contemplar essa especificidade que recobre os territórios quilombolas, é sempre formal baseada em institutos jurídicos, tais como propriedade, posse, desapropriação. A tese explicita os desafios que uma sociedade multicultural deve enfrentar para pautar-se pelo pluralismo de espaços de produção jurídica, para valorizar a cultura e garantir a permanência ou o retorno das comunidades quilombolas a esse universo físico e simbólico. Para levar a cabo a construção de um direito adequado a ser utilizado na aplicação do artigo 68 do ADCT, recorreu-se a uma investigação de caráter interdisciplinar, que aproxima o direito da antropologia cultural, da geografia e da história, com a finalidade de afirmar a destinação cultural às terras ocupadas pelas comunidades remanescentes de quilombos. O local da pesquisa de campo qualitativa foi o Vale do Ribeira no Paraná, que contém esses elementos imateriais na relação da comunidade com a terra, revelados tanto em afazeres cotidianos quanto na relação com indivíduos não pertencentes à comunidade quilombola. Esses elementos culturais são difíceis de ser captados pelo direito, que considera a terra como bem de produção de conteúdo econômico. A construção da noção da terra como bem cultural proposta pela tese resulta em instrumento conceitualnormativo, para o direito, que elimina a incerteza da interpretação e a necessidade de outros marcos jurídicos regulatórios para que se efetive o contido no artigo 68 do ADCT e se atinja a proteção cultural nos termos dos artigos 215 e 216 da Constituição Federal. Palavras-chave: Pluralismo jurídico. Interculturalidade. Comunidades quilombolas. Titulação de terras ocupadas. / Abstract: This thesis makes a pluralistic analysis of knowledge and symbols that make up the universe of "quilombo" territories, which are not taken into account in land titling processes in favor of these communities. The invisibility of social life and their immaterial creations arise from social processes started with colonization. It adds to this invisibility the fact that the law governing the titling of these lands operate with the notion of property rights aimed to regulate the transit of goods with economic value in the market society. It is the aim of this thesis discuss the property right in a historical-colonialist legal framework and its limits to ensure the collective land use adopted by traditional communities, especially the "quilombo". The study seeks to demonstrate the need to recognize the land, in certain contexts, it is a cultural asset, and the acquisition mode that good does not happen by titration, which has only declaratory effect, not constitutive. The provisions of Article 68 of the Transitory Constitutional Provisions creates an obligation for the state carry out such titration based on belonging verified between the "quilombo" community and the territory they traditionally occupy. The thesis states the need to recognize the land as a cultural complex in nature, both material and immaterial. The intangible nature of this good lies in the symbolic level, from the identity belonging, not to be confused with the civilian possession of a purely economic nature. The state action, not to consider this specific covering the "quilombo" territories, is always based on formal legal institutions, such as ownership, possession, dispossession. The thesis explains the challenges that a multicultural society must face to be guided by the pluralism of legal production areas, to enhance the culture and ensure the permanence or the return of the "quilombo" communities to this physical and symbolic universe. To carry out the construction of an appropriate law to be used in application of Article 68 of ADCT, we used an interdisciplinary research, approaching the right of cultural anthropology, geography and history, in order to state cultural destination to land the former "quilombo" communities. The location of qualitative field research was the Ribeira Valley in Parana, which contains these immaterial elements in the community relationship with the land, revealed both in daily affairs and in relation to individuals outside the "quilombo". These cultural elements are difficult to be captured by the law, which considers the land as well of economic content production. The construction of the land of the concept as a cultural proposal for the thesis results in conceptualnormative instrument for the law, which eliminates the uncertainty of interpretation and the need for other regulatory legal frameworks to be made effective the contained in Article 68 of ADCT and reaches the cultural protection under articles 215 and 216 of the Federal Constitution. Keywords: Legal Pluralism. Interculturalism. "Quilombo" communities. Titration occupied lands.

by John Ruark. / "April 1998." / Includes bibliographical references (p. 32).

This thesis offers an in-depth analysis of five films (Pane e cioccolata, Queen of Hearts, L’Emmerdeur, Mediterraneo sempre, Raging Bull) which deal with the Italian reality outside of Italy. The segment-by-segment study of these works reveals overlapping themes that define parameters that can be used to define a deterritorialized culture which the author of this study names the Italic culture. The analytical system produced can help scholars and students to understand what constitutes the filmic narrative of ethnic films. The title of the thesis derives from a monologue spoken by Jake LaMotta in Raging Bull by Martin Scorsese, which is a paraphrase of another monologue said by Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront by Elia Kazan. Though the words of the speeches are similar, their meaning is different. What for Malloy was a need for success becomes for LaMotta a criticism of this success. Presented at once as a study of forms and a survey of cultural connotations, this investigation proposes a journey into the representative world created by immigrants and children of immigrants who, by refusing to disappear into sameness, question what it means to be Italian in the world today.

This thesis offers an in-depth analysis of five films (Pane e cioccolata, Queen of Hearts, L’Emmerdeur, Mediterraneo sempre, Raging Bull) which deal with the Italian reality outside of Italy. The segment-by-segment study of these works reveals overlapping themes that define parameters that can be used to define a deterritorialized culture which the author of this study names the Italic culture. The analytical system produced can help scholars and students to understand what constitutes the filmic narrative of ethnic films. The title of the thesis derives from a monologue spoken by Jake LaMotta in Raging Bull by Martin Scorsese, which is a paraphrase of another monologue said by Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront by Elia Kazan. Though the words of the speeches are similar, their meaning is different. What for Malloy was a need for success becomes for LaMotta a criticism of this success. Presented at once as a study of forms and a survey of cultural connotations, this investigation proposes a journey into the representative world created by immigrants and children of immigrants who, by refusing to disappear into sameness, question what it means to be Italian in the world today.

This study seeks to explore the nature and activities of the anti-abolitionists in the era of British abolition. There were Britons who actively opposed the idea of abolishing the slave trade and West Indian slavery. They published works promoting and defending the trade and the institution of slavery. They challenged abolitionist assertions and claims about life in the colonies and the nature of the slaves and attacked the sentimental nature of abolitionist rhetoric. Proslavery MPs argued in Parliament for the maintenance of slavery and the slave trade. Members of the West Indian interest formed committees to produce their own propaganda and petitions. They also worked with Parliament to develop strategies to ameliorate slavery and end British slaveholding, whilst securing several more years of plantation labour and financial compensation for slaveholders. Politicians, writers, members of the West Indian interest, and their supporters actively fought to maintain colonial slavery and the prosperity of Britain and the colonies. A wide range of sources has been employed to reveal the true nature of the proslavery arguments advanced in Britain in the era of abolition. These include committee minutes, petitions, pamphlets, reviews, manuals, travel writing, scientific studies, political prints, portraits, poetry and song, plays, and the records of every parliamentary debate on slavery, the slave trade, and the West Indian colonies. Specific proslavery and anti-abolitionist arguments have been identified and analysed using these sources, with some commentary on how the setting or genre potentially impacted on the argument being presented. This analysis reveals that economic, racial, legal, historical, strategic, religious, moral, and humanitarian arguments were all used to counter the growing popularity of abolition and emancipation. Proslavery rhetoric in Parliament is also analysed, revealing an active proslavery side committed to fighting abolition. Overall, this study contributes to our current understanding of the timing, nature, and reception of British abolition in Britain by showing that the process was influenced by a serious debate.

This study reinterprets the history of the Glasgow Emancipation Society and its relationship to the American anti-slavery movement in the nineteenth century. It examines the role of economics, religion and reform, from Colonial times up to the US Civil War, in order to determine its influence on abolition locally and nationally. This thesis emphasizes the reformist tendencies of the Glasgow abolitionists and how this dynamic significantly influenced their adherence to the original American Anti-Slavery Society and William Lloyd Garrison. It questions the infallibility of the evangelical response to anti-slavery in Scotland, demonstrating how Scottish-American ecclesiastical ties, and the preservation of Protestant unity, often conflicted with abolitionist efforts in Glasgow. It also focuses on the true leaders of GES, persons often ignored in historical accounts concerning Scottish anti-slavery, which explains the motivation and rational behind the society’s zealous attitude and proactive policies. It argues that similar social, political and religious imperatives that affected the American movement likewise mirrored events in Scotland influencing Glaswegian anti-slavery. Lastly, it resurrects the legacy of the Glasgow Emancipation Society from its provincial role, showing it was, in fact, a leader in the British campaign against American slavery.

Hugh E. White. / "April 29, 1957." "This report is based on a thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, M.I.T., April 30, 1957, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Bibliography: p. 28. / Army Signal Corps Contract DA36-039-sc-64637 Dept. of the Army Task 3-99-06-108 Project 3-99-00-100

This dissertation is aimed at analyzing the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps&rsquo / (IRGC) relationship to politics, which evolved into different forms through the three decades of the revolution. Eventually the IRGC has become one of the most influential organizations with respect to Iranian politics. This situation has raised the following question / why and how has the IRGC become such an influential political actor in post-revolutionary Iranian politics? Considering different forms of the IRGC-politics relationship, this study also questioned the reasons that lay behind the shifts in that relationship. In order to answer these questions, this dissertation examined the relationship between the Revolutionary Guards and the political leadership in post-revolutionary Iran. It maintained that there are four variables that determined the IRGC-politics relationship, which are ideological position of the political leadership, power of the political leadership, ideological outlook of the Revolutionary Guards and corporateness of the Revolutionary Guards. In order to analyze forms of the IRGC-politics relationship and to explain shifts between these forms, it traced these variables through the post-revolutionary history of Iran, which was divided into four periods (i.e. transition, radical, thermidorian, and neo-radical periods) because of the changing political and revolutionary dynamics. It concluded that because corporateness of the IRGC reached into a high level whereas power of the political leadership was seriously weakened in the last two periods, the IRGC&rsquo / s clout significantly increased in Iranian politics. Congruence or incongruence between ideological values of the political leadership and of the IRGC, and their commitment to pursue those values determined the confrontationist or cooperative nature of the IRGC&rsquo / s relations with the political leadership.

The interrelations of a set of software objects are usually manifold and complex. Common object-oriented programming languages provide constructs for structuring objects according to shared properties and behavior, but fail to provide abstraction mechanisms for the interactions of objects. Roles seem to be a promising approach to solve this problem as they focus on the behavior of an object in a certain context. Combining multiple roles yields collaborations, an interesting abstraction and reuse unit. However, existing approaches towards roles in programming languages require vast extensions of the underlying language or even propose new languages. We propose a programming technique that enables role-based programming with commonly available language constructs. Thus, programmers can express roles and collaborations by simply using a library, and hence, without the need to change the language, its compiler, and its tools. We explain our proposal on a language-independent level. Moreover, we provide an implementation in form of a library for the Scala programming language. Finally, we apply our ideas to design patterns and analyze to which extent these can be expressed and reused with roles. / Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Softwareobjekten sind vielfältig und komplex. In den meisten objektorientierten Programmiersprachen werden Objekte an Hand von gemeinsamen Eigenschaften und Verhalten klassifiziert. Konstrukte zum Strukturieren bezüglich ihrer Interaktionen fehlen jedoch. Ein vielversprechender Lösungsansatz sind Rollen, welche das Verhalten von Objekten in einem bestimmten Kontext beschreiben. Zusammenhängende Rollen können zu Kollaborationen abstrahiert werden. Diese sind insbesondere als wiederverwendbare Bausteine interessant. Allerdings verändern bisherige Ansätze zu rollenbasiertem Programmieren die zu Grunde liegende Sprache erheblich oder schlagen gar neue Sprachen vor. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen wir eine Programmiermethode, die rollenbasiertes Programmieren mit üblichen Sprachkonstrukten ermöglicht. Somit können Rollen und Kollaborationen als Bibliothek bereitgestellt werden, also ohne Sprache, Compiler und Werkzeuge anpassen zu müssen. Wir erläutern unseren Ansatz zunächst sprachunabhängig. Desweiteren wird eine Implementierung als Bibliothek für die Scala Programmiersprache präsentiert. Als praktische Anwendung stellen wir Entwurfsmustern dar und überprüfen, inwiefern sich diese mit Rollen ausdrücken und wiederverwenden lassen.

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