As a multiracial country, Malaysia's most crucial problem toward national unity is the glaring economic imbalance and racial tension among the races. Several policies have been carried out to eliminate the economic and racial disparities that exist. Amongst them is by expanding the manufacturing sector employing all ethnic groups. However, with the rapid expansion in this sector, a relatively high rate of voluntary labour turnover among blue-collar workers has developed with potentially serious consequences for the process of expansion. Even though the economic and racial disparities in Peninsular Malaysia are mul ti -dimensional, the present study focusses exclusively upon the ever-increasing rate of voluntary labour turnover amongst blue-collar workers. Unlike previous studies on labour turnover, the focus of this study is the comparison of labour turnover issues amongst different races in Peninsular Malaysia. This coverage is important because of the scarcity of comparative studies of labour turnover in the country. The three major races are chosen for this study; they are the Malays, the Chinese and the Indians. The purposes of this study are threefold: To discover the general characteristics of blue-collar voluntary labour turnover in Peninsular Malaysia; To ascertain correlate and determinant factors which influence blue-collar workers' decisions to discover factors and voluntarily leave the underlying in each of the their employment; and finally, reasons associated with these three cases to compare the experiences of the different races. The findings of this study highlight similarities and di fferences between the Malays, Chinese and Indians' decisions to voluntarily leave their job. The organisational and external factors results of this study on are consistent with the findings of research in other Third world countries. However, the present findings differ in terms of personal factors. It is concluded that the "racial background" and "cui ture" of the three races are amongst the important elements in understanding the factors influencing their decisions to voluntarily change employment in Peninsular Malaysia.

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This thesis is the first empirical work ever undertaken concerning the investigation of the factors affecting the market labour supply in Greece. Two dimensions of the supply of labour were analysed, namely, "labour force participation rates" and "hours of work per week". The time span being considered is the period 1961-71. The model which has been adopted in this study is an application of the theory of consumer behaviour to the demand for leisure. The equations of the model were estimated using the technique of ordinary least squares. However, the logit technique, weighted least squares, and two stage least squares were also applied to cross-sectional data drawn from the population censuses of 1961 and 1971. The working-age population (10 years of age and over) was disaggregated into six population groups by sex, age, and marital status, and separate regressions were run for each group. According to the findings of this study the downward trend of the national activity rate observed during the decade under investigation could be attributed to the combined negative effect of the following factors: (i) Shrinkage of agricultural activities; (ii) Internal migration flow; (iii) Larger family incomes; (iv) Higher proportion of "school enrolment"; and (v) Higher proportion of "wage and salary earners". Over the same period some other factors, for instance the expansion of education, the expansion of day-care facilities, nursery schools, etc., accounted for an increase in the activity rate. However, the affect of these factors has been swamped by that of the five factors stated above, acting in the opposite direction. In general, the results of this study were found to be similar to those obtained in earlier studies in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Finally, this study forecasts that the activity rates of the Greek population, compared with the corresponding rates of 1971, will be even lower by 1981.

This study is an enquiry into the determining factors and main features of the behaviour of wage earnings in the manufacturing sector of Italy during the period 1966-1972. The thesis traces and critically assesses the development of the Phillips curve determination process for the Italian economy. However, our basic concern is with relative wage earnings and a particular question on which the study focuses is: what difference, if any, exists in the determination of relative wage earnings between high and low earnings sectors. The main empirical analysis of this study is based on multiple regression using quarterly time series data for the period 1966 1st quarter through 1971 4th quarter. The results show that high earnings industries, unlike low earnings industries, by paying a wage premium have some discretion in the timing and amount of wage changes and this discretionary wage policy seemed to be rather acyclical. Thus, the conclusion is that assumptions to the effect that relative earnings behaviour is uniform throughout the economy or that the relative earnings behaviour of a given industry is. representative of the manufacturing sector at large are not tenable. A further object of this study is to examine some of the statistical problems (simultaneity, aggregation bias) that occur in the estimation of wage functions. Consideration is also given to the cyclical variation of the earnings structure with particular attention to the "hot autumn" of 1969, a major turning point in Italian twentieth century history. More specifically, we found that the initial effect of the new contracts struck immediately after that period was to widen earnings differentials between high and low earnings industries. The study concludes with evidence on the predictive performance of our regressions. The estimated Theil inequality coefficients reveal the ability of our equations to predict well in most cases.

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