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Policy recommendations are presented. First, the Taiwanese government needs to adopt compulsory rather than voluntary reform. Second, the government should aggressively replicate the advantages of the Anglo-Saxon CG system. Third, the government should emphasise the importance of CG and put CF reform on the national agenda. Fourth, during CG reform, the Taiwanese government should focus particularly on improvement of the board of directors.

This study explores 'immediate' and 'potential' supply chain voids (SCVs) in capability within three Welsh priority sectors and is sponsored by the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG). The research design employs a multiple case study strategy targeting Biosciences, Financial and Unmanned Systems utilising instruments such as secondary data, semi-structured and telephone interviews. The findings from this study demonstrate that SCVs are contingent upon different sectors, supplier search and the behaviour of searchers, organisational size and structure, technology, markets and the nature of supply and demand at the macro level, the lack of suitable suppliers, poor quality standards and high prices. The moderate development of Pare Aberporth and Unmanned Systems operations is impeding progress in the Welsh SME base owing to the lack of locally based customers with 'home base' capabilities, the early life-cycle position of the cluster, motivations of companies to move to the area, a deficiency of competition and the efficacy of economic development methods. The key contribution is the development and pilot testing of a 'Hoshin Kanri' policy deployment framework for operation by the WAG (and Regional Development Agencies (RDAs)) whilst investigating 'immediate' and 'potential' SCVs across different sectors and firms. The study was limited to the deployment of WAG strategies and companies operating in Wales therefore, in order to position it within a wider United Kingdom (UK) context, other RDAs were consulted. In addition, the literature was used to compare Wales to other regions in the UK and elsewhere. Policy recommendations for the sponsors are identified and the findings are likely to be of interest to RDAs, the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and UK Trade and Investment. The results have interest in relation to the framework and its application through aligning regional strategies to target SCVs using sustainable development and regional embeddedness criteria.

In contrast to the existing model formulation and solutions, we consider economic and environmental (CO₂) objectives as part of the design. Lack of benchmark data for multi-objective FLP with environmental objectives created initial difficulties in our research. However, the opportunity to work with industry ensured that we had real data to work with, and also provided a good basis for generating artificial data sets to extend our experimental work and test our techniques on very large instances with a good range of parameter setting.

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The second group suggests that non-equity IJVs in Russia adopt an organisational culture which is more similar to that of the partner, which has majority control, whereas, equity IJVs in Russia have a hybrid culture.  IJVs with “foreign” and hybrid cultures are positively associated with IJV performance in Russia, whereas IJVs with an organisational culture similar to that of the Russian partner are negatively associated with IJV performance.

Taking a pragmatic, systems engineering approach, this thesis identifies a number of fundamental issues that presently arise in risk management, primarily as a result of the overly complex and somewhat outdated approach conventionally taken in process definition and a lack of coherence within the current risk management vocabulary. It is suggested that many recent developments in systems engineering have largely been ignored by the risk management community. The objective of this work is to develop a formalised approach to the management of risk using a model based approach this will enable a fundamental simplification of the risk management process, resulting - amongst other things - in an improved understanding of the associated terminology. An object oriented modelling approach, now widely exploited in systems engineering, has been used to provide an insight into many existing risk management standards considering the approaches they present and terminology used. It has also been used to derive both a set of processes for risk management and a methodology for implementation. Alongside this, a consistent, inter-related terminology as been proposed for use with these processes. The outcome of this work is a formalised but pragmatic approach to risk management including the definition of processes, ontology for risk management and a pragmatic methodology for the application of the processes. This approach has been validated in a number of case studies of varying depth and breadth, covering health & safety, business, project and individual needs, showing that the proposed processes and terminology can be used effectively in different organisations and industries.