The dissertation traces the chronological development of the agricultural trust and assesses its role as a form of landownership, from its origins in the fourteenth century up to 1980. The study combines a discussion of the relevant trust law, taxation and general legal measures imposed on landowners by governments, and management practices of agricultural land so as to give an overall view of the nature of trust ownership of agricultural land. Parts I and II of the dissertation, which cover the period 1350-1900, describe the development of the use and trust as legal devices in the context of early, including feudal, landownership practices and parliamentary policy on the land law. In particular, the relationship between the landowner, parliament and the courts is examined in detail. The discussion broadens in Parts III and IV, which cover the period 1900-1980, to give, in addition to the aspects mentioned above, an examination of other forms of land ownership and occupation which have developed in the twentieth century, in order to provide an overall assessment of the role of the trust. The fiscal regime relating to agricultural landownership, and particularly to trusts, is also discussed as this has been a vital influence on the nature and forms of agricultural landownership in the twentieth century. Parts III and IV focus upon empirical evidence obtained from a survey of agricultural landownership which was carried out by means of personal interview in 1978. This survey incorporated a detailed analysis of the present and, to some extent, the past proprietary structure of the sixty estates surveyed, together with the attitudes and objectives of their owners. The dissertation concludes with an assessment of the trust as a form of private landownership, from the economic, social and legal viewpoints, throughout its history, showing how there has been a continuous pattern of development from the fourteenth century to the present day. Consideration is also given to the probable immediate future role of the trust as a form of agricultural land ownership.

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An awareness of <i>metaphors</i> offers exciting possibilities for research. Metaphors can be seen as central to our understandings and as a way to be able to <i>appreciate</i> different understandings. In contexts characterised by many actors and different activities, such as in agriculture, metaphors provide a way of dealing with this diversity. Metaphors also enhance attempts to be self-reflective and responsible in research. Researching <i>with</i> people explicitly recognises the roles assumed by the researcher as well as co-researchers. Researching <i>with</i> people removes a divide between <i>doing</i> and <i>using</i> research, and focuses on how to create a space where different understandings can emerge. The context for this research is <i>how future counrrysides in the UK can come about</i>. Farming, environmental and social issues are all included in this context, although farming is taken as a base. The main 'co-researchers' were several farming families and members of The Farming and Wildlife Advisoy Group (WAG). In the thesis, a framework is developed for recognising, bringing forth and exploring metaphors. Ways of using metaphors explicitly in research are developed by considering how metaphors provide: a way to understand our understandings, as well as the way language is used; a way to reflect on, and structure research; a way to understand the research context and to appreciate a diversity of understandings; and a way to create space for understandings to emerge. An approach is proposed that can inform research in diverse stakeholder contexts, in a wide range of fields, based on an awareness of metaphors

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